Objective To assess the characteristics of biochcmical parameters of bone metabolism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the relationship between osteoporosis and the reduction of bone mass so as to identify the risk factors for osteoporosis in IBD. Methods Sixty-nine patients with IBD[49 with Crohn disease (CD) and 20 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects (control group) from the medical examination centre in 2007 were enrolled in the study. The disease activity was estimated according to CD active index and Truelove-Witts score. The biochemical markers of bone metabolism including ostecalcin (OC), 25-bydroxycholecalciferol[-25 (OH)Ds-] and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen(NTX) were tested using enzyme immunoassay. The body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) were also measured. Results The concentration of 25(OH)D3 was significantly lower in both CD[(44.45±39.38) nmol/L] and UC patients[(34.67±23.79) nmol/L] compared with controls[(98.42±25.84) nmol/L] (P <0.05), while NTX level was significantly higher in both CD [(58.41±15.15) nmol BCE/mmol Cr] and UC[(57. 67±10. 75) nmol BCE/mmol Cr] patients compared with controls[(30. 38±13.35) nmol BCE/mmol Cr] (P<0.05). The levels of OC and 25 (OH)D3 in patients treated with steroids[(17. 3±13. 43) ng/ml and (26. 99 ± 9. 12) nmol/L, respectively] were lower than those in patients untreated with steroids[(27.33 ± 16.86) ng/ml and (45.33±39.03) nmol/L,respectively] . BMD examination revealed that the incidence of osteoporosis in CD or UC groups were 14.3%(7/49) or 3/20,respectively, with no difference between two groups (P>0. 05). The T score of lumbar spine in patients treated with steroids (-1.19±0. 93) was significantly lower than that in patients untreated with steroids (-0.80±1.29) (P<0.05), but there was no difference in T score of femoral between two groups (P>0.05). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that advanced age and reduced BMI were risk factors for osteoporosis in CD patients.Conclusions The lower BMI in patients with IBS contributes to prevalence of osteoporosis, and advanced age and reduced BMI are risk factors for osteoporosis in CD patients. NTX and 25 (OH)D3are important bone metabolic markers to predict osteoporosis in patients with IBD.

Objective To study the cause,clinical characteristics and treatment of HFmrEF,HFrEF and HFpEF patients.Methods Three hundred and eighty-five heart failure (HF) patients aged ≥60 years admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to March 2017 were divided into HFrEF group (n=96),HFmrEF group (n=34) and HFpEF group (n=255) according to their ejection fraction.Their demographic data,HF cause,clinical characteristics,cardiac ultrasonographic data,laboratory testing data and therapies were recorded.Their clinical characteristics were compared.Results The number of males was greater and the cardiac function grade Ⅳ was higher in HFmrEF group than in HFrEF and HFpEF groups.The incidence of hypertension was the highest followed by that of valvular disease.The number of HFmrEF patients who used intravenous nitrates,spironolactone and milrinone was greater than that of HFpEF and HFrEF patients who used intravenous nitrates,spironolactone and milrinone.The serum creatinine level was higher in HFmrEF patients than in HFpEF and HFrEF patients at the time when they were discharged.Conclusion Hypertension and valvular disease are the mian risk factors for HFmrEF.The number of males is greater and the cardiac function grade Ⅳ is higher in HFmrEF patients than in HFrEF and HFpEF patients.The serum creatinine level is higher and the outcome is better in HFmrEF patients than in HFrEF and HFpEF patients at the time when they are discharged.

Objective To investigate the influence of benzopyrene on extracellular matrix(ECM) protein deposition of human airway smooth muscle cells(HASMC) and the related pathway mechanism.Methods HASMC were primarily cultured and the 2-6 generations cells were applied in this experiment.The expression amount of ECM gene and protein was detected by real time PCR and Western Blot the phosphorylation level was analyzed by using the Western Blot method.Results Benzopyrene could to increase the expression of HASMC collagen Ⅰ α1 protein (P＜0.01) and ECM protein (including collagen Ⅰ α1,versican,fibronectin,laminin α2) mRNA(P＜0.05).Benzopyrene could induce the rapid increase of ERK1/2 phosphorylation level (P＜0.01).Furthermore,the ERK pathway inhibitor PD98059 could significantly inhibit the increase of benzopyrene-induced collagen Ⅰ α1 (P＜0.01)and ECM protein(including collagen Ⅰ α1,versican,fibronectin,laminin α2) mRNA expression(P＜0.01).Conclusion Benzopyrene induces the ECM protein deposition of HASMC by activating the ERK1/2 pathway,blocking the ERK1/2 signal pathway can inhibit the benzopyrene-induced airway remodeling.

AIM:To clarify if interferon-?(IFN-?), tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?)and interleukin-1?(IL-1?)can induce apoptosis of human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in vitro. METHODS: Human ASMCs were isolated and cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Passage 4-6 cell was used in the experiment. IFN-?,TNF-? and IL-1?, were used separately or together in the treatment of human ASMCs. The effects of IFN-?,TNF-? and IL-1? on the growth of the cells was detected by MTT method at the hour 0,24,48 and 72. Light microscopy and electron microscopy were used to examine the morphological change. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. SP immunohistological staing method was performed to detect the change of expressions of p53 , bcl-2 and bax gene. The apoptosis cell percentage were detected by in situ end labeling technique (TUNEL)of fragmental DNA. RESULTS: (1)IFN-? or IFN-? together with TNF-? and IL-1? decreased the number of viable cells in a time dependent manner. (2) Light and electron microscopic examination showed cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear contraction, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation in human ASMCs. (3) Agarose gel electrophoresis showed a characteristic"ladder"of DNA bands representing integer multiples of the internucleosomal fragments (about 180-200 bp) in cytokine cotreated human ASMCs. (4)The expression of p53 and bax gene in cytokine cotreated group was significantly higher than in control group, but the expression of bcl-2 gene was lower than in control group. (5)Stimultaneous treatment with IFN-?(4?10 5 U/L),TNF-?(4?10 5 U/L)and /or IL-1? (10?10 4 U/L) induced apoptosis of human ASMCs. Apoptotic index of human ASMCs in cytokine co-treated group was significantly higher than in control group ( P

AIM To investigate weather and how aminophylline induces human trachea smooth muscle cells (TSMCs) to apoptosis. METHODS Human TSMCs were isolated and cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Passage 4～6 cell were used in experiment. The cells were cultured with aminophylline or 8 Br cAMP for 24 or 48 h. Light micros copy and electron microscopy were used to observe morphological change. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gels electrophoresis. SP Immunohistological staing method was performed to detect the changes of expressions of p53,bcl 2 and bax gene. The apoptosis cell percentage were detected by situ end labeling technique(TUNEL) of fragmental DNA. RESULTS ①Aminophylline or 8 Br cAMP decreased the number of viable cells in time and concentration dependent manner; ② Electron microscopic examination showed nuclear contraction, chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies formation in aminophylline group or 8 Br cAMP group; ③ Agarose gel electrophoresis of fragmented DNA showed a ladder like pattern; ④ The expression of p53 or bax gene in apoptosis group was significantly higher than in control group, but the expression of bcl 2 gene was lower than in control group; ⑤ The positive rate of TUNEL in aminophylline or 8 Br cAMP group was significantly higher than in control group ( P

Objective To explore the mechanism of notch signaling pathway in the treatment of cervical cancer with notch receptor blocker(DAPT).Methods After treatment of Me180 cells with different concentrations of DAPT combined with curcumin-photodynamic therapy (PDT),3-(4,5 Dimethylthiazlo-yl)-2,5 Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 dipheny tetrazo lium bromide(MTT)assay was used to detect the effect on the proliferation of Me180 cells,annexin V-FITC/PI combined with flow cytometry was used to detect the effect on apoptosis,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Notch1 gene respectively.Results Both DAPT(1.0 μmol/L)and curcumin-PDT groups could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of cervical cancer cell line Me180,and the synergistic effect of the two groups was significant (P＜0.05 or＜0.01).DAPT and curcumin-PDT group reduced the mRNA expression level of Notch1 in cervical cancer Me180 cells with inhibition ratio of 40.0％ and 32.3％ respectively.DAPT and curcumin-PDT group inhibited the protein expressions of Notch1,nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-kB),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),and the synergistic effect of the two groups was statistically significant.Conclusions Both DAPT and curcumin-PDT may effectively block the conduction of Notch signaling pathway,which is associated with down-regulation of the expression of Notch1 and NF-kappa B.Notch signaling pathway may be one of the targets of curcumin photodynamic therapy.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and traditional thoracotomy in fixation of traumatic multiple rib fractures.Methods Clinical data of 56 patients with traumatic multiple rib fractures treated surgically between July 2005 and September 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.Based on the treatments,the patients were assigned to video-assisted thoracoscopy group (thoracoscopy group,n =27) and traditional thoracotomy group (thoracotomy group,n =29).A comparison was done on the variables including operation time,intraoperative blood loss,ventilator support rate,duration of mechanical ventilation,length of ICU stay,incidence of lung infections,visual analogue scale (VAS) at day 3 postinjury and mortality between the two groups.Results Operation time [(128.9 ± 21.1) min vs (140.7 ± 24.2) min],ventilator support rate (70％ vs 76％) and mortality (4％ vs 7％) in thoracoscopy group revealed no statistical differences compared with thoracotomy group (P ＞ 0.05),but intraoperative blood loss [(321.1 ± 30.1)ml vs (438.1 ± 43.2)ml],duration of mechanical ventilation [(4.3 ± 2.1) d vs (7.2 ± 1.6) d],length of ICU stay [(5.9 ± 21.1) d vs (8.5 ± 1.7) d],incidence of lung infection (33％ vs 90％),and VAS [(7.0 ± 1.4) points vs (8.3 ± 0.9) points] were significantly reduced in thoracoscopy group than in thoracotomy group (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is characterized by fewer intraoperative bleeding,shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay,and lower lung infection rate during treatment of traumatic multiple rib fractures compared to traditional thoracotomy.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of external application of Chinese medicine ion introduction through acupiont in the prevention and treatment of hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis following endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP). Methods Three hundred subjects were divided into treatment group and control group randomly, and treated with routine therapy after surgery, moreover, treatment group was treated with external application of Chinese medicine ion introduction through acupiont. The incidence of hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis, the time of serum amylase returned to normal in patients with hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis was observed, and the abdominal pain after ERCP was scored. Results Excluding 17 cases according to the exclusion criteria, the treatment group included 142 cases and the control group included 141 cases. The hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis happened less frequently in the treatment group than in control group, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The time of serum amylase returned to normal in patients with pancreatitis was (4.25±0.95)d in treatment group and (5.28±1.11)d in control group, with no significant difference (P>0.05). The time of serum amylase returned to normal in patients with hyperamylasemia was (2.88 ± 0.78)d in treatment group and (3.81±1.62)d in control group, showed a significant difference (P<0.05). The score of abdominal pain was 0.95±1.04 in treatment group and 1.21±1.12 in control group, showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion External application of Chinese medicine ion introduction through acupoint can promote the recovery of the patients postoperative ERCP combined with hyperamylasemia or pancreatitis, and can better alleviate abdominal pain.

Objective To explore the protection of early autophagy activation on podocyte injury induced by aldosterone.Methods In vitro cultured mouse podocyte clones (MPC5) were treated with aldosterone for 6,12,24,48 h respectively.Apoptosis of podocytes was detected by Annexin V combined with flow cytometry.After 24 h treatment with aldosterone,the existence of apoptotic body and autophagosome was observed by electron microscopy.The protein expressions of LC3,caspase-3 and nephrin were examined by Western blotting.The mRNA expression of Beclin-l was detected by real-time PCR.Results The induction of apoptosis and autophagy by aldosterone in podocytes was in timedependent mannner.After 24 h treatment with aldosterone,the apoptosis was increased by 26.5％ (P ＜ 0.05)and the expression of nephrin was decreased by 28.0％ (P ＜ 0.05) compared to control group.Aldosterone remarkably induced the expression of Beclin-1 at 6 h and promoted the transformation of LC3-Ⅰ to LC3-Ⅱat 12 h (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to simple aldosterone treatment,the apoptosis rate of podocyte was increased by 39.0％ (P ＜ 0.05) and the expression of nephrin was declined by 19.5％ (P ＜ 0.05) after 3-methyladenine (3-MA) pre-treatment.Conclusions Aldosterone can induce autophagy and apoptosis in podocytes.Autophagy occurs earlier (12 h) than apoptosis (24 h).The occurrence of autophagy can inhibit the apoptosis,so the autophagy pathway may be a new research topic of glomerular disease treatment.

Objective To investigate the role of opioid receptors in the protective effects of isoflurane-induced delayed preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods Forty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (S); group II I/R; group Ⅲ isoflurane + I/R (Iso) and group IV Iso + naloxone + I/R (Nal). Myocardial I/R was induced by 40 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group Ⅲ (Iso) 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 was inhaled for 2 h and I/R was produced 24 h later. In group IV (Nal) naloxone 6 mg/kg was given iv 10 min before 2 h of 2% isoflurane inhalation and I/R was produced 24 h later. At the end of 120 min reperfusion, infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) were determined by Evan's blue and TTC staining. Myocardial ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was determined by Western blot. Results The IS was significantly smaller in group Iso ( Ⅲ ) ( 19.7% ± 2.8%) than in I/R group ( II ) (37.8% ±1.7%) (P<0.05). The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was significantly lower in group Iso than in group I/R. Microscopic examination showed less myocardial damage in Iso group than in group I/R. The protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane was prevented by naloxone pretreatment. ConclusionOpioid receptors may be involved in the protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane against myocardial I/R injury.