Objective To describe the clinicopathological features of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis ( HNL). Methods Routine lymph node biopsies of 10 HNL cases were reviewed and their immunophenotyping were performed using S-P immunohistochemical staining. Results Histologically, HNL had discrete or integrated nodules variable in size in the paracortex,expecially in the interfollicular area,which were full of proliferating pleomorphic histocytes,transformed lymphocytes,and karyorrhectic debris without infiltration of the neutrophils, plasma cells and/or eosinophils. Immunohistochemistry revealed CD45RO + for transformed lymphocytes,CD68 +for histiocytes.and CD20 +for lymphocytes in the residual germinal centers. Conclusion The presence of pleomorphic histiocytes, transformed T-cells, and karyor-rhectic debris in the biopsy of lymph nodes, together with the absence of neutrophils support the diagnosis of HNL.

The uncertainty of measurement is an important parameter for clincial laboratories. According to the definition, the uncertainty of measurement is a parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizers the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand. So we can use the results of Internal Quality Control to evaluate the uncertainty of measurement in clinical laboratories. The standard uncertainty is equal to the standard deviation.

Aim To study the pharmacokinetics characteristics of galanthamine hydrohromide sustained release tablets and conventional tablets in healthy volunteers after a single and multiple oral doses. MethodsA single and multiple oral doses of galanthamine hydrohromide sustained release tablets and conventional tablets were given to 20 healthy male volunteers in a randomized cross-over study. We developed an LC-MS assay using naloxone as the internal standard to determine the plasma concentrations of galanthamine, calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluate the relative bioavailability and sustained release characteristics of galanthamine hydrohromide sustained release tablet. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of the sustained release tablet and conventional tablet obtained from the single-dose study were as follows: the HVD_12 C_max(time span during which the plasma concentration is at least half of the C_max value)were (15.4?1.7) h and (5.4?2.5) h, the retard quotients (R△,the HVD_12 C_max ratio of sustained release tablets to conventional tablets) of sustained release tablet was 3.4?1.4, the T_max were (4.4?1.5) h and (1.3?1.2) h, the C_max were (27.5?2.9) ?g?L-1 and (53.7?12.7) ?g?L-1.Results showed significant sustained release characteristics of the sustained release tablet. The relative bioavailability of the sustained release tablet was (95.9?14.2) %。The pharmacokinetic parameters of the sustained release tablet and conventional tablet obtained from the multi-dose study were as follows: the T_max were (3.0?1.6) h and (0.9?0.3) h,the CSS_max were (58.8?9.4) ?g?L-1 and (52.0?6.9) ?g?L-1,the CSS_min were (16.2?4.0) ?g?L-1 and (22.5?5.0) ?g?L-1,the C_av were (39.0?3.9) ?g?L-1 and (37.1?5.0) ?g?L-1,the DF were 1.1 ?0.3 and 0.8?0.1, respectively. Results of two one-side t test showed that AUC_SS、CSS_max、C_av of two tablets were bioeqivalent. Conclusion Results showed that the sustained release tablet and the regular tablet were bioequivalent in absorbed extent, and the sustained release tablet exhibited a good retarding effect in release.

Objective:To prepare ginsenoside Rg3-loaded chitosan microspheres for intranasal administration.Methods:The chitosan microspheres were prepared by the O/W/O combined with multiple emulsification chemical crosslink technique.Quadratic polynomial equation and linear regression equation were fitted by the statistic software,and the resulting equations were used to produce response surface graphs.The best experiment conditions were screened by central composite design(CCD)using drug load,encapsulation efficiency,and the proportions of microspheres(with diameter of 40-60 ?m)as variables.The shape of microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscope.Results:The best ranges of the prescription included:drug to carrier material ratio:0.4-0.5;organic phase and water phase ratio:0.4-0.6;and first emulsion and oil phase ratio:0.13-0.17.The 3 batches of microspheres prepared according to the above condition were well-shaped(full sphere),with the mean drug loading capacity being(10.25?0.08)% and the encapsulation efficiency being(30.61?1.46)%.Conclusion:The optimized technique has a good reproducibility and can be used for preparation of Rg3-loaded chitosan microspheres for intranasal administration.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of successfully switching to sequential ventilation in patients with prolonged weaning due to acute respiratory failure (ARF) after thoracolaparotomy based on the initial rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) at 60 min after spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), namely, the f/VT optimal value range of 80-120 times/ (min · L), thus providing the basis for determining the ideal timing of weaning in clinical practice.Methods A prospective observational study of sequential ventilation [RSBI during the initial SBT (60 min), 80-120 breaths/ (min · L)] was carried out in 42 patients on mechanical ventilation (≥ 48 h) due to post-thoracolaparotomy ARF in the ICUs.According to the duration of the mechanical ventilation, the patients were divided into 2 groups : successfully prolonged weaning group (≥ 7 days, n =24) and refractory weaning group (＜ 7 days, n =18).The patients with cardiac failure, aged less 18 or over 80, with hepatic dysfunction, or those needing gastrointestinal decompression after esophageal surgery or upper abdomen surgery were excluded.The demographics, APACHE Ⅱ scores and duration of mechanical ventilation of both groups were recorded, and the respiratory work and oxygen metabolism variables before the switch to sequential ventilation (within 24 hours after admission to ICU) and at the time of switching (24 hours in the ICU after admission) were recorded, respectively: clinical puhnonary infection score (CPIS), assessment of cough severity, pH, PaO2, PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2;hemodynamic and microcirculation-related variables: HR, MAP, fluid balance, BNP and Lac;endocrine and metabolism variables : Hb, ALB and random serum cortisol (COR).The clinical features and the changes of the above-mentioned variables before and at the time of switching were compared between both groups.The independent sample t test was used for the single factor comparison and Mann-Whitney U test was applied to the non-normal distributions.The Fisher exact probability test was used for the single factor comparison of ranked data such as categorical variables.Results There were no significant differences in age, gender and severity of disease between two groups (P ＞ 0.05);the successfully prolonged weaning group had longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation and ICU stay compared with the refractory weaning group (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in cough severity, PaCO2, pH, HR and fluid balance between two groups before switching (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with those before switching, in the refractory weaning group there were marked decrease in Lac (P ＜ 0.05), obvious increase in cough severity, pH, Hb and ALB (P ＜ 0.05), but there was no significant difference in COR (P ＞ 0.05);while in the successfully delayed weaning group, there were significant decrease in CPIS, PaCO2, HR, MAP, BNP, fluid balance and Lac (P ＜ 0.05), and cough severity, pH, ALB and COR showed an upward trend (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The key of successful sequential ventilation is within the values of RSBI ranging from 80 to 120 times/ (min · L) during the initial SBT (60 min) selected as the switching point in patients with prolonged weaning after thoracolaparotomy.The major influencing factors for determining the ideal timing of switching include the matching status between respiratory endurance and respiratory work, the balance between myocardial strength and both cardiac preload and afterload, the severe disease associated with adrenal insufficiency, and malnutrition.

Objective To explore the protection of early autophagy activation on podocyte injury induced by aldosterone.Methods In vitro cultured mouse podocyte clones (MPC5) were treated with aldosterone for 6,12,24,48 h respectively.Apoptosis of podocytes was detected by Annexin V combined with flow cytometry.After 24 h treatment with aldosterone,the existence of apoptotic body and autophagosome was observed by electron microscopy.The protein expressions of LC3,caspase-3 and nephrin were examined by Western blotting.The mRNA expression of Beclin-l was detected by real-time PCR.Results The induction of apoptosis and autophagy by aldosterone in podocytes was in timedependent mannner.After 24 h treatment with aldosterone,the apoptosis was increased by 26.5％ (P ＜ 0.05)and the expression of nephrin was decreased by 28.0％ (P ＜ 0.05) compared to control group.Aldosterone remarkably induced the expression of Beclin-1 at 6 h and promoted the transformation of LC3-Ⅰ to LC3-Ⅱat 12 h (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to simple aldosterone treatment,the apoptosis rate of podocyte was increased by 39.0％ (P ＜ 0.05) and the expression of nephrin was declined by 19.5％ (P ＜ 0.05) after 3-methyladenine (3-MA) pre-treatment.Conclusions Aldosterone can induce autophagy and apoptosis in podocytes.Autophagy occurs earlier (12 h) than apoptosis (24 h).The occurrence of autophagy can inhibit the apoptosis,so the autophagy pathway may be a new research topic of glomerular disease treatment.

Objective: To research the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of Qifangbimin particle.Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects were observed by the methods of xylene-induced ear-swelling in mice and cotton-ball induced granuloma in rats.The anti-allergic effects were evaluated by the method of passive skin allergy model in rats and ear-heterogeneous passive skin allergy model in mice.Results: In the treatment groups with Qifangbimin particle, the swelling degree of ear edema induced by dimethylbenzene in mice was significantly suppressed when compared with that in the control groups (P<0.01 or 0.05) , however, the particle had no significantly inhibitory effect on granulation tissue hyperplasia induced by cotton-ball in rats.The Qifangbimin particle groups obviously decreased the absorbance value of locus coeruleus on rats' back (P<0.01 or 0.05), and Qifangbimin particle at high dose significantly reduced the absorbance value of locus coeruleus of auricle in mice (P<0.01 or 0.05).Conclusion: Qifangbimin particle has significant anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects.

Objective To establish blood purification system for rats and provide a safe and reliable experimental platform for further research of blood purification. Methods The right carotid artery and the contralateral jugular vein of adult male Sprague?Dawley rats were cannulated to creat vascular access for blood purification, by which continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration blood purification system was established. Blood flow, substitution fluid flow and ultrafiltration rate were regulated by rotary mini?pumps. Blood purification therapy continued for 4 hours on the basis of maintained anesthesia and effective anticoagulation. The safety of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration blood purification systems was evaluated by comparing the arterial blood gas, electrolyte indexes and blood glucose during the blood purification therapy. Closely monitoring the vital signs of rats, such as blood pressure and heart rate, and observing whether there were any side effects, such as massive haemorrhage, thrombogenesis and gas embolism in the therapeutic process. Results There were no obvious changes of arterial blood gas, electrolyte indexes and blood glucose during the blood purification therapy (P>0.05). The vital signs did not fluctuate acutely before and after the blood purification therapy (P>0.05). The incidence rate of side effects was very low. Conclusions
Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration blood purification system had no obvious adverse effects on healthy rats. Our blood purification system for rats appears to be safe and reliable.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features and significance of aberrant CD56 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

METHODSThe clinical and pathologic profiles of 10 cases of DLBCL with aberrant expression of CD56 were investigated. Immunohistochemical staining, in-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA and gene rearrangement for IgH and Igκ were carried out.

RESULTSThere were 6 male and 4 female patients. The medium age of patients was 46 years. All of them presented with extranodal lymphoma involvement, with gastrointestinal tract being the commonest site (5/10). Histologic examination showed that most of the atypical lymphoid cells were centroblast-like and demonstrated a diffuse growth pattern. Apoptosis and necrosis were identified in some cases. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for CD20 or CD79α and aberrantly expressed CD56. Five cases had the GCB phenotype while the remaining cases had the non-GCB phenotype, according to Hans classification. Bcl-6 was positive in most cases (9/10). All cases showed a high proliferation index by Ki-67. The tumor cells were negative for CD3ε, CD138 and granzyme B. In-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA was performed in 7 cases and none of them showed positive signals. IgH gene rearranged bands were detected in 4 cases (4/6) and Igκ was detected in 3 cases (3/6). Follow-up data were available in 8 patients. Two patients died of disease progression within 5 to 13 months after diagnosis and the other 6 patients were alive 8 to 60 months after therapy.

CONCLUSIONSDLBCL with aberrant expression of CD56 is rare. Most of them present with extranodal involvement, show high frequency of bcl-6 expression and high proliferation index. The patients often have good response to chemotherapy.

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; CD56 Antigen ; metabolism ; CD79 Antigens ; metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement ; Granzymes ; metabolism ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Phenotype ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; metabolism ; RNA, Viral ; analysis

The bovine jugular veins were divided into two groups and treated with 4% EX-313 and 0.5% glutaraldehyde respectively, and then they were examined with naked-eye, microscope and scanning electron microscope. Biomechnics test and dorsal implantation in rats were performed. The aquired data were processed and subjected to t-test. The EX-313 fixed material was more pliable than the glutaraldehyde treated material, and the former had higher anticalcification than the latter. In conclusion, the hydrophilia crosslinking agent EX-313 is superior to glutaraldehyde in treating biomaterials, and the bovine jugular vein tanned with EX-313 should be a promising material for repairing in cardiovascular surgery.
Animals ; Bioprosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Cattle ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; pharmacology ; Glutaral ; pharmacology ; Jugular Veins ; drug effects ; Materials Testing ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Engineering