The recently published articles about the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis were reviewed.Osteoarthritis(OA)is characterized by cartilage degradation,osteophyte and involvement of the synovium.Mechanics,inflammatory mediators and aging collide studies in developmental,genetic and joint disease models indicate that Wnt/?-catenin signaling is critically involved in these processes.Many different factors contribute to the onset and progression of OA and Wnt/?-catenin signaling plays a vital role in these processes.

Objective Ganglouyuchuang lotion was used to dress the wound for Anal fistula in Crohn's disease, control inflammation and promote wound healing.This paper studied the extraction techonology of ganglouyuchuang lotion.Methods Four factors of ganglouyuchuang lotion, including volume of water, extraction time, extraction times and liquid ratio, were studied by the orthogonal test, and three levels were selected for each factor.The content of sodium danshensu, the active component contained in Chinese herbal medicine, was regarded as evaluating indicator, and the content of Danshensu Sodium was determined by HPLC.The water extraction and alcohol precipitation technology of ganglouyuchuang lotion was optimized according to the results of measurement.Results The optimum extraction technology of ganglouyuchuang lotion was as follows: four herbs, including Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix Astragali, Radix sanguisorbae and Senecio were added with8 times amount of water overnight and decocted 3 times with 2 h, 1.5 h, and 1.5 h respectively, and then the extraction was concentrated to the ratio of herbs and concentrate of 1∶1.5.The results showed that the contents of Danshensu Sodium from the three examples were 0.520, 0.498, and 0.521 mg/mL, and the RSD were 0.34%, 0.41%, and 0.29%.Conclusion The optimum extraction technology is feasible and applicable for the preparation of ganglouyuchuang lotion.

Objective To evaluate the value in following up the patients with clipped aneurysms with the subtraction CT angiography technique.Methods 30 consecutive patients with clipped aneurysms were followed up with 64-slice spiral CT angiography (CTA) and DS angiography 10 d later postoperatively.CT images were reconstructed with volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection(MIP) techniques to display the vessels.The site of the clip and patency of the parent vessel on both CT and DSA were studies independently by two radiologists.Results The clips in 27 patients were showed clearly by the subtraction CTA.Subtraction CTA demonstrated a partial remnant of aneurysm in 2,28 cases were complete occlusion.The loading vessels were free in passing in 28 cases,occlusion and narrowing of a parent vessel were seen in one respectively.The sensitivity and specificity in detecting neck remnants on MSCT angiography were 67% and 100%,and the sensitivity and specificity in evaluating vessel patency were 100% and 100%,Inter-observer agreements were 0.78 and 1.00,respectively.Conclusion Subtraction CT angiography can be used as the mainly method in following up the patients with clipped aneurysms.

BACKGROUND: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. It plays an important role in the development of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To review the progress of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway in the pathological process of osteoarthritis. METHODS: An online search of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed for articles using keywords of “p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway, osteoarthritis, articular cartilage, chondrocyte” in Chinese and English, respectively. Relevant articles were summarized from three aspects of introduction of p38 signal transduction pathway, the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway in osteoarthritis and the inhibitor of p38 in osteoarthritis. A total of 90 articles were included. According to inclusion criteria, a number of 46 articles were retained at last. RESULES AND CONCLUSION: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway has a close relation with chondrocyte hypertrophy and calcification, chondrocyte apoptosis, synthesis of cartilage matrix metal oproteinase, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and exerts a significant effect on the development of osteoarthritis. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is involved in the formation and development of osteoarthritis through a variety of complex mechanisms and plays a very important role. Therefore, blocking p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway may be a new target in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

rabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cysts;MRCP is an effective and noninvasive diagnostic tool ;ERCP is the gold standard in confirming intrabiliary rupture of liver hydatid disease.

Objective Xiangqingzhitong spray ( XQ spray) is a kind of class V new Chinese drugs .This paper studied the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of XQ spray to provide experiment evidence for clinical application . Methods Mice were divided into blank control A group , yunnan baiyao aerosol A group , voltaren A group and low , middle and high dose A group of XQ spray.Analgesic effects were studied by observing effect of XQ spray for pain threshold in electrical stimulation test .Mice were divided into blank control B group , yunnan baiyao aerosol B group , voltaren B group and low , middle and high dose B group of XQ spray .Analgesic effects were studied by observing the effects of XQ spray for pain threshold in tail pain tenderness test .Mice were divided into blank control C group , yunnan baiyao aerosol C group , voltaren C group and low,middle and high dose C group of XQ spray .Anti-inflammatory effects were observed by the models of ear swelling induced by xylene in mice.Rats were divided into blank control D group , yunnan baiyao aerosol D group , voltaren D group and low, middle and high dose D group of XQ spray .Anti-inflammatory effects were observed by the models of paw edema induced by carrageenin in rats . Results Electrical stimulation test showed that middle and high dose A group of XQ spray could enhance the pain threshold and the analgesia percentage reached 90%after the administration of 15 min and 30 min.Compared with control group , significant difference was found in medium and high dose A group (P<0.05).High dose B group of XQ spray could enhance pain threshold in tail pain tenderness test markedly after the administration of 15 min and 30 min and the difference was significant compared with control group ( P<0.01).Middle dose C group could inhibit the ear swelling induced by xylene in mice and the difference was significant compared with control group ([4.41 ±4.55]mg vs [9.15 ±3.94]mg,P<0.05).High dose C group could inhibit the ear swelling induced by xylene in mice and significant difference was found compared with control group ([3.62 ±3.56]mg vs [9.15 ±3.94] mg,P<0.01). High dose D group could inhibit the paw edema induced by carrageenin in rats after the administration of 30 min and there was signifi-cant difference compared with control group ([1.19 ±0.94]mg vs [2.54 ±1.28]mg,P<0.01). Conclusion XQ spray has sig-nificant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects .

Objective To analyze the multi-slices spiral CT (MSCT) findings of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE), and to evaluate the value of MSCT for diagnosis of HAE. Methods Twenty-six cases with HAE were scanning by MSCT. The raw data were transmitted to advanced workstation for reconstruction imaging. Correlated studies were made between the CT features and pathology or other imaging results. Results Altogether 28 lesions were detected. They all revealed as heterogeneous hypodense mass with ill-defined boundary in plain CT but were easily being distinguished from surrounding parenchyma after contrast medium injection.Characteristics of the lesions include different amount of calcification (26/26), liquefied necrosis in center area (20/26), peripheral lacunae or alveolar signs (15/26), compensatory hypertrophy of healthy hepatic part (18/26) and the retraction in the involved hepatic lobe or segment (12/26). The lesions that located at or extended to hepatic hilum caused dilatation of intra-hepatic biliary ducts(9/26), splenomegaly (12/26), and ascites (1/26). MSCT angiography (CTA) depicted signs of abnormalities of hepatic vessels such as compression, displacement, encasement and occlusion. Compared with findings of operation, the sensitivity, specificity and positive prediction value of CTA for evaluating the hepatic artery system disorders were 88%, 96% and 93%, respectively; and for portal venous system were 95%, 100% and 95%, respectively; while for hepatic venous system were 96%, 86% and 96%, respectively. Conclusion MSCT is able to comprehensive display the CT features and vessels complication of HAE. It provides reliable imaging for both accuracy diagnosis and proper treatment of the disease.

Objective To evaluate the value of CEUS in dynamicly assessing the blood perfusion of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) in rats.Methods The experimentally induced secondary HAE in totally 70 rats were studied at different time periods (gth week,28th week,and 50th week) with CEUS,and compared to pathology results.Results At the 9th week,55 HAE lesions (55/70,78.57％) presented hyperechoic and the rest of 15 HAE lesions (15/70,21.43％)presented mixed echogenicity.The single or multiple vesicular structures were found as pathological feature.At later stages (28th week and 50th week),the size of lesions increased compared to 9th week with more solid structures and the calcifications found in HAE lesions.Microscopically,the fibrous tissues surrounding the lesions gradually thickened and the microvascular accumulation were visible around the lesions.The HAE lesions at the 9th week showed the ring enhancement and central septa enhancement in CEUS.The HAE lesions at the 28th week and 50th week showed combinations of no enhancement,ring enhancement,and central septa enhancement in CEUS.The ratio of edge enhancement to maximum diameter of lesions decreased with the progression (P=0.02).Conclusion The ultrasonographic features in HAE lesions become more complicated with increasing calcifications and enlarged necrosis areas with the progression.The CEUS can reveal the dynamics of blood perfusion of HAE lesions at different stages.

Objective To explore the accuracy and feasibility of dual-source CT(DSCT)in evaluating the left ventricular function compared with echocardiography.Methods 30 cases of coronary heart disease were continuously collected in our hospital ,and dual-source CT and echocardiography were examined in a week.Left ventricular function parameters (LVEDV,LVESV,LVSV)were measured,and paired sample t test was compared to show whether there was any difference between the two methods,Rates betweengroups were compared with Chi-square test,Pearson correlation analysis method was applied to calculate the correlation between the two methods.Results There was no statistically significant difference for LVEDV,LVESV,LVSV,LVEF parameters between the two methods (t test,P >0.05).By Pearson test,the correlation coefficient was r=0.770-0.938(P <0.05),in which the high relation between the two methods was showed.Conclusion A strong accuracy of dual-source CT in evaluating left ventricular function is demonstrated.Dual-source CT angiography is a noninvasive assessment of coronary tree,whereas the analysis of the left ventricular parameters provides additional information of cardiac function without further radiation exposure or scan time,which can provide a more intuitive and system information for clinical.

Purpose To analyze the correlation of pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI) and the cardiovascular parameters in patients with massive pulmonary embolism (MPE), and to explore the CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) significant in radiological massive pulmonary embolism. Materials and Methods Sixty-two patients with massive pulmonary embolism confirmed by CTPA were divided into two groups according to the severity with 17 cases in high-risk group and 45 cases in non-risk group. The correlation between pulmonary artery obstruction index and cardiovascular parameters of all subjects was analyzed. Parameters in the two groups were compared including PAOI, ratio of main pulmonary artery diameter (MPAd) to the ascending main artery diameter (AAd) named rPA, and ratio of right ventricular diameter (RVd) to the left ventricular diameter (LVd) named RVd/LVd. Results Pulmonary artery obstruction index had positive correlation with the cardiovascular parameters (r=0.504, 0.543, 0.629 and 0.657, P<0.05), but negative correlation with LVd (r=-0.500, P<0.05). PAOI, MPAd, rPA, RVd/LVd and RVd were higher in the high-risk group than those in the non-high-risk group (P<0.05). LVd was lower in the high-risk group than that in the non-high-risk group (P<0.05). Conclusion CTPA can not only effectively diagnose pulmonary embolism but also assess the severity of the radiologic massive pulmonary embolism, which contributes to the clinical prognosis and treatment options.