Objective To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. Methods Fifty-five patients including 36 benign prostate hyperplasia patients and 19 prostate cancer patients,were performed with the scanning of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRS. MRI observation was focused on the size of the gland,the signal features, the location of the lesion and the extent of the tumor. MRS observation included the chemical shift of citrate(Cit), choline(Cho) and creatine(Cre) spectra, and the ratio of (Cho + Cre) /Cit SPSS 13.0 statistical analysis software was performed for statistic analysis of MRI,MRI + MRS in the diagnosis of prostate cancer to get the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy, respectively. Results Based on the analysis of MRI of prostate cancer and pathological findings, the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of MRI were 78.9%( 15/19),66.7%(24/36),70.9%(39/55), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of MRI + MRS were 84.2%(16/19),88.9%(32/36),87.3%(48/55),respectively. There was significant difference between the two methods (P<0.05). Conclusions MRS has made it possible to obtain functional and metabolic information about prostate cancer non-invasively. Combining MRI and MRS are useful for differentiating diagnosis of benign prostate hyperplasia from prostate cancer.

Objective To analyze imaging feature of multislice spiral CT(MSCT)in diagnosis of carotid artery diseases and to evaluate it’s dianostic significance.Methods MSCTA in 80 cases were performed in our study,of them,15 patients were undergone DSA simultaneous.The imaging quality of MSCTA was evaluated and the accuracy of MSCTA in diagnosis of carotid artery diagnosis by comparing the results of CTA and DSA in the same one patient.The calcifications in vessel wall displayed by various CTA reconstruction technique were analysed.Results The results of DSA and MSCTA 60 branches of carotid artery were analysed comparatively.The specificity and sensitivity of MSCTA in diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis was 85.71% and 92.7% respectively,the negative value was 95%,Kappa value was 0.81.Furthermore,CTA could display the artery wall well,it was easy to acquire good imaging quality.Conclusion As one noinvasive method of examination,CTA will play a common role in diagnosis of carotid artery disease.

Objective To evaluate the value of imaging investigations in the diagnosis of bone echinococcosis by analysing the X-ray,CT and MRI signs.Methods Imaging data of 7 patients aged from 23 to 56 years(mean age 39.5 years)with bone echinococcosis were analysed retrospectively.All cases underwent X-ray plain film examination(frontal view and lateral view);4 cases were examined with CT; 3 cases received MRI scan.Results The echinococcosis located in skull(1 case),vertebrae(3 cases), sacrum(1 case),ilium(1 case)and ribs(1 case)respectively.X-ray signs:5 cases appeared as expanding destructive lesion,two of them were solitary cystic lesions,the others were multiple cystic lesions. Lytic destruction was showed in 2 cases.Sclerotic margin,calcification,soft tissue mass was visible in 5, 1 and 4 cases respectively.CT signs:3 of 4 cases were expanding destructive lesions,including 2 multiple cystic lesions and 1 solitary cystic destruction.The other one showed lytic destruction.3 had sclerotic margin;calcification was identified in 2 cases,4 cases accompanied with soft tissue mass.MRI signs:All of 3 cases occurred at vertebrae,solitary cystic lesion in one and multiple cystic lesions in two.Lesions showed low signal on T_1 WI image,high signal on T_2 WI image and appeared as grape shapes.Involved vertebrae showed wedge-shaped.Conclusion Imaging modalities were significantly valuable in the diagnosis of bone echinococcosis.Combination of X-ray radiography,CT,MRI and epidemiological information is helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the bone echinococcosis.

Objective:To compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of rapid oral disintegrating tablet of dimenhydrinate(RODTD) and those of market available tablet of dimenhydrinate(DMH).Methods: Eight healthy volunteers were evenly randomized into 2 groups,one group received RODTD(25 mg) and the other received available market tablet of dimenhydrinate(25 mg).The blood levels of DMH were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) before and after drug administration in 2 groups.Chromatography conditions were: Nova-Pak C_(18)as chromatographic column, methanol triethylamine buffer((11),)flow rate: 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength: 225 nm,and room temperature.The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of RODTD and market available tablets were investigated.Results: The standard curve of DMH in the blank plasma was linear within the range of 5-500 ng/ml,with the regression equation being C=0.004 4 A+4.745 and R~(2)=(0.996.)The limit of detection was 2 ng/ml;the average recovery rate was(90.55?4.69)% and the RSD was 0.041%.The intra-day derivations of 3 different concentrations(low,middle,and high) of plasma were 9.27%,4.93%,and 2.95%,respectively((n=5),) and the inter-day derivations were 9.97%,3.81%,and 3.06%,respectively(n=5).Blood samples(3 ml) were subjected to HPLC assay and significant difference was found between the 2 forms of DMH. The pharmacokinetic parameters of RODTD were: AUC=(602.04?113.82) ng?h?ml~(-1),C_(max)=(95.86?21.28) ng?ml~(-1),and T_(Peak)=(1.8?0.32) h;the pharmacokinetic parameters of market available tablets were:AUC=(342.73?84.96) ng?h?ml~(-1),C_(max)=((46.34?)(10.32)) ng?ml~(-1),and T_(Peak)=(2.65?0.24) h.Statistical analysis showed there was significant difference in the relative bioavailability of 2 forms of DMH(P

rabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cysts;MRCP is an effective and noninvasive diagnostic tool ;ERCP is the gold standard in confirming intrabiliary rupture of liver hydatid disease.

Objective To evaluate the value in following up the patients with clipped aneurysms with the subtraction CT angiography technique.Methods 30 consecutive patients with clipped aneurysms were followed up with 64-slice spiral CT angiography (CTA) and DS angiography 10 d later postoperatively.CT images were reconstructed with volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection(MIP) techniques to display the vessels.The site of the clip and patency of the parent vessel on both CT and DSA were studies independently by two radiologists.Results The clips in 27 patients were showed clearly by the subtraction CTA.Subtraction CTA demonstrated a partial remnant of aneurysm in 2,28 cases were complete occlusion.The loading vessels were free in passing in 28 cases,occlusion and narrowing of a parent vessel were seen in one respectively.The sensitivity and specificity in detecting neck remnants on MSCT angiography were 67% and 100%,and the sensitivity and specificity in evaluating vessel patency were 100% and 100%,Inter-observer agreements were 0.78 and 1.00,respectively.Conclusion Subtraction CT angiography can be used as the mainly method in following up the patients with clipped aneurysms.

The recently published articles about the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis were reviewed.Osteoarthritis(OA)is characterized by cartilage degradation,osteophyte and involvement of the synovium.Mechanics,inflammatory mediators and aging collide studies in developmental,genetic and joint disease models indicate that Wnt/?-catenin signaling is critically involved in these processes.Many different factors contribute to the onset and progression of OA and Wnt/?-catenin signaling plays a vital role in these processes.

BACKGROUND: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. It plays an important role in the development of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To review the progress of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway in the pathological process of osteoarthritis. METHODS: An online search of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed for articles using keywords of “p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway, osteoarthritis, articular cartilage, chondrocyte” in Chinese and English, respectively. Relevant articles were summarized from three aspects of introduction of p38 signal transduction pathway, the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway in osteoarthritis and the inhibitor of p38 in osteoarthritis. A total of 90 articles were included. According to inclusion criteria, a number of 46 articles were retained at last. RESULES AND CONCLUSION: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway has a close relation with chondrocyte hypertrophy and calcification, chondrocyte apoptosis, synthesis of cartilage matrix metal oproteinase, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and exerts a significant effect on the development of osteoarthritis. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is involved in the formation and development of osteoarthritis through a variety of complex mechanisms and plays a very important role. Therefore, blocking p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway may be a new target in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Objective Jizhipingchuan soft capsula is mainly used to treat acute bronchitis and acute attack of chronic bron-chitis.This paper investigate the antitussive, antiasthmatic and expectorant effects of Jizhipingchuan soft capsula according to its func-tions. Methods The antitussive effect of Jizhipingchuan soft capsula was observed in cough mouse model induced by ammonia and in guinea cough pig model induced by citric acid, and the latent period of asthma was observed in guinea pig induced by acetylcholine chloride and histamine phosphate.Its expectorant effect was evaluated by the excretion of phenol red in mice and the exudation phlegm in rats. Results Jizhipingchuan soft capsula could decrease the frequence of cough induced by ammonia in mice and induced by cit-ric acid in guinea pig.It could prolong the latent period of cough in guine pig and also prolong the latent period of asthma in guine pig induced by acetylcholine chloride and histamine phosphate.Jizhipingchuan soft capsula could significantly increase the amount of phe-nol red secreted in mice and the phlegm exudation of rats. Conclusion Jizhipingchuan soft capsula showed definite antitussive, an-tiasthmatic and expectorant effects.

Objective Ganglouyuchuang lotion was used to dress the wound for Anal fistula in Crohn's disease, control inflammation and promote wound healing.This paper studied the extraction techonology of ganglouyuchuang lotion.Methods Four factors of ganglouyuchuang lotion, including volume of water, extraction time, extraction times and liquid ratio, were studied by the orthogonal test, and three levels were selected for each factor.The content of sodium danshensu, the active component contained in Chinese herbal medicine, was regarded as evaluating indicator, and the content of Danshensu Sodium was determined by HPLC.The water extraction and alcohol precipitation technology of ganglouyuchuang lotion was optimized according to the results of measurement.Results The optimum extraction technology of ganglouyuchuang lotion was as follows: four herbs, including Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix Astragali, Radix sanguisorbae and Senecio were added with8 times amount of water overnight and decocted 3 times with 2 h, 1.5 h, and 1.5 h respectively, and then the extraction was concentrated to the ratio of herbs and concentrate of 1∶1.5.The results showed that the contents of Danshensu Sodium from the three examples were 0.520, 0.498, and 0.521 mg/mL, and the RSD were 0.34%, 0.41%, and 0.29%.Conclusion The optimum extraction technology is feasible and applicable for the preparation of ganglouyuchuang lotion.