Considering the low accuracy of prediction in the positive samples and poor overall classification effects caused by unbalanced sample data of MicroRNA (miRNA) target, we proposes a support vector machine (SVM)-integration of under-sampling and weight (IUSM) algorithm in this paper, an under-sampling based on the ensemble learning algorithm. The algorithm adopts SVM as learning algorithm and AdaBoost as integration framework, and embeds clustering-based under-sampling into the iterative process, aiming at reducing the degree of unbalanced distribution of positive and negative samples. Meanwhile, in the process of adaptive weight adjustment of the samples, the SVM-IUSM algorithm eliminates the abnormal ones in negative samples with robust sample weights smoothing mechanism so as to avoid over-learning. Finally, the prediction of miRNA target integrated classifier is achieved with the combination of multiple weak classifiers through the voting mechanism. The experiment revealed that the SVM-IUSW, compared with other algorithms on unbalanced dataset collection, could not only improve the accuracy of positive targets and the overall effect of classification, but also enhance the generalization ability of miRNA target classifier.
Algorithms ; MicroRNAs ; chemistry ; Support Vector Machine

BACKGROUND: Transplantation of microencapsulated rabbit Schwann cells in the rat spinal cord can relieve inflammatory reaction, promote spinal cord regeneration, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)expression and movements recovery following transplantation of microencapsulated rabbit Schwann cells in rat spinal cord. METHODS: The sciatic nerves taken out from rabbits wore digested with mixed enzyme and were made into Schwann cells suspension. Then we used air-jet method to make Schwann cells microcapsule. Using the same method, empty microcapsule was made. Sprague Dawiey rats were randomly divided into cell group, empty microcapsule group and microcapsule group. Conducted by hemisection injury of spinal cord,the rats in cell group,empty microcapsule group and microcapsule group were implanted with gelatin sponge with 10μL Schwann cells suspension, gelatin sponge with 10 μL empty microcapsule and 10 μL microencapsulated Schwann cells. Normal group was left intact. After operation, we observed hindlimb movements recovery in rats with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. Meanwhile,a set of sections were stained immunohistochemically for bFGF expression, another set of sections wore stained for hematoxylin-eosin and Nissal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After spinal cord injury, rat right hindlimb affected paralysis immediately. At 7, 14 and 28 daysfollowing transplantation,motor function in rat hindlimb was significantly recovered, and the BBB scores were significantly higher in microencapsulated schwenn cells than in cell and empty microcapsule group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). bFGF positive products were mainly distributed in cytoplasm of the spinal neuron and nucleus of neuroglical cell. The numbers of bFGF positive glial cells mainly appeared surrounding the spinal cord injured site on days 1, 3, 7 and rose to its peak on day 3 and began to appear in neuronal calls on day 14. The number of bFGF positiv cells in microcapsule group was significantly superior to that in cell group and empty microcapsule group. From then on, the bFGF expreSsion was significantly decreased in each group. These indicated that transplantation of microencapsulated Schwann cells can inhibit the immunological rejection after xenotransplantation, suppress inflammatory reaction, improve the expression of bFGF, increase hindlimb movements recovery and spinal cord regeneration after spinal cord injury.

Background and purpose:Because of the heterogeneity of cancers,different patients with the same kind of cancer have different sensitivity for cytotoxic drugs.Newly developed ATP chemosensitivity assays(ATPTCA) offer the opportunity for individualized therapy and have shown promising results compared to standard regimens.We explored the feasibility of the ATP-Tumor Chemosensitivity Assay(ATP-TCA) applied in the treatment of ovarian cancer with chemotherapy,and evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of fresh specimens of ovarian cancer to five cytotoxic drugs.Methods:ATP-TCA was used to detect the sensitivity rate of 24 fresh specimens of ovarian cancer to five cytotoxic drugs as follows: paclitaxel(TAX),gemcitabine(GEM),doxorubicin(ADM),topotecan(TPT),cisplatin(DDP).Results:23 of 24 specimens((95.83%)) can be evaluated by ATP-TCA,the sensitive rates of ATP-TCA was 91.30% for TAX,86.96% for GEM,65.22% for ADM,47.83% for TPT and 21.74% for DDP,respectively.Conclusions:ATP-TCA was a sensitive、reliable and standardized method for the evaluation of tumor chemosensitivity,it ts worthwhile to investigate further for the application screening anticancer agents in chemotherapy of ovarian cancer.

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of SanQi HuoXue pills in the treatment of acute soft tissue injury. Methods:Totally 140 wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group, model group, posistive drug group, and Sanqi Huoxue pills group respectively at the dose of 0. 5,1. 0,2. 0 g·kg-1 . The rat model of acute soft tissue injury was used to observe the influence of Sanqi Huoxue pills on the content of PGE2 , IL-6, NO and SOD on the 3rd and 5th day after the administration, and the effects of the pills on the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were studied as well on the 5th day. Results: After the administration of the pills, the levels of PGE2 , IL-6 and NO, the blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were decreased significantly, and the level of SOD was increased significantly(P<0. 01 or P<0. 05) when compared to model group. Conclusion:Sanqi Huoxue pills have therapeutic effect on acute soft tissue injury in rats. Free radical, PGE2 , IL-6 and blood hemorheology play important roles in the formation of acute soft tissue injury.

Objective To summarize the value of early mechanical ventilation plus continuous vacuum suction in treatment of serious pulmonary contusion.Methods Forty-eight cases of severe pulmonary contusion were assigned to mechanical ventilation plus continuous vacuum suction (observation group,n =20) and mechanical ventilation plus discontinuous vacuum suction (control group,n =28)according to the random number table.Modes of mechanical ventilation were synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV),pressure support ventilation (PSV),and positive and expiratory pressure (PEEP).Changes in blood gas analysis,mechanical ventilation time,and associated complications were compared between groups.Results At ventilation time of 6 and 24 hours,PaO2 in observation group was (100.36 ± 5.90) mmHg and (105.34 ± 7.40) mmHg respectively,with significant differences from (75.36 ± 8.95) mmHg and (76.36 ± 8.35) mmHg in control group (P ＜ 0.01).At ventilation time of 24 hours,PaO2/FiO2 was (283.50 ± 15.20) mmHg in observation group and (201.50 ± 10.20) mmHg in control group (P ＜0.01).Mechanical ventilation time and PEEP at ventilation time of 48 hours in observation group was (3.2 ± 1.1) days and (4.5 ± 2.3) cmH2 O,with significant differences from (6.5 ± 2.8) days and (8.5 ± 2.5) cmH2O in control group (P ＜ 0.01).Associated complications of the two groups revealed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Early mechanical ventilation with sustained vacuum suction is effective to keep airway clear,improve oxygenation index,decrease PEEP level,and control the duration of mechanical ventilation,but may not lower the risks of ventilator-associated pneumonia and pulmonary atelectasis.

ObjectiveTo study effect of Herba Erigerontis on metabolites in cerebral ischemia rats with high-resolution magic angle spinning 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(HR MAS 1H NMR). Methods18 male Wistar rats, weighing 150～200 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups such as normal (n=6), ischemia (n=6), Herba Erigerontis treatment (n=6). Rat ischemia model was established with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), reperfusing or dosed with Herba Erigerontis after 3 h ischemia. The metabolites, including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre), choline (Cho), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) etc., of cerebra and cerebella was observed using HR MAS 1H NMR. ResultsExcluding Cho, Glu, Asp, the concentrations of most metabolites of rat brain during ischemia were significantly lower than that of normal rats, and could be increased after drug treatment. ConclusionHerba Erigerontis shows positive effect on metabolites in cerebral ischemia rats.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of the two surgical methods of posterior pedicle screw fixation decompression in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures,and in order to provide the basis for choosing the rational treatment.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 98 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures underwent surgery of posterior pedicle screw fixation decompression from January 2007 to January 2011.Fifty-six patients were given posterior fixed indirect decompression surgery (indirect decompression group) and 42 patients were given posterior fixed direct decompression (direct decompression group).The patients were followed up for (1.03 ± 0.36) years after surgery,the image,recovery of neurological function,postoperative complications and capacity for independent living of the two groups were compared and evaluated.Results After surgery,the vertebral height ratio,Cobb angle,canal compromise rate in indirect decompression group were (91.67 ± 26.19)％,(10.10 ± 2.89)°,(18.61 ±5.32)％,in direct decompression group were(86.23 ± 24.64)％,(11.98 ± 3.42)°,(22.37 ± 6.39)％.There was significant difference compared with before surgery (P ＜ 0.05) and no significant difference between two groups (P ＞0.05).After surgery,the neurological function of the two groups were improved,and the improvement in indirect decompression group was better than that in direct decompression group (P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative complications ratio in indirect decompression group was 23.2％ (13/56),significantly lower than that in direct decompression group[83.3％(35/42)](x2 =10.370,P＜ 0.01).There was 60.7％(34/56)patients with capacity for independent living in indirect decompression group,significantly higher than that in direct decompression group [40.5％ (17/42)] (x2 =4.329,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The posterior pedicle screw fixation indirect decompression in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures is a feasible operation method,and is worth to utilize in clinic.

To clone and sequence the human tissue kallikrein gene of Chinese, and to construct eukaryotic expression recombinant of KK, total RNA was extracted from human pancreas and human tissue kallikrein gene cDNA was amplified by PCR after reverse-transcription by using Oligo(dT) primer. The original kallikrein cDNA was recovered and filled with Klenow enzyme and inserted into KS plasmid. After restriction endonuclease digestion, KK cDNA was sequenced by ABI377 analyzer. Then the KK gene was amplified from pBluescript KSKK and inserted into pcDNA3. A sequence comparison showed that the cloned kallikrein gene was only one nucleotide different from that reported in the Genbank. The coding amino acid was Asp in the Genbank gene, while the coding amino acid of Chinese kallikrein gene was Asn. The KK cDNA fragment was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3. The cloned kallikrein gene and the pcDNA3KK can be used for further study in gene therapy.. .

Objective To investigate the functions of microRNA-1 43 (miR-1 43)in esophageal cancer cell line ECA1 09.Methods ECA1 09 cells were transfected with negative control (NC),miR-1 43 mimics or miR-1 43 inhibitors.3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT)assay was per-formed to evaluate the growth of ECA1 09 cells after transfection.Annexin V-FITC /PI apoptosis test kit was used to detect early apoptosis rate in ECA1 09 cells.Transwell migration and invasion assays were conducted to compare the migration and invasion capacity of ECA1 09 among different groups.Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to analyze the mRNA and protein alteration after transfection.Results Three and four days after transfection,compared with NC (absorbance value:0.90 ±0.02 and 1 .09 ±0.07),miR-1 43 mimics inhibited ECA1 09 cell proliferation (absorbance value:0.66 ±0.05 and 0.80 ±0.04),while miR-1 43 inhibi-tors promoted cell proliferation (absorbance value:1 .1 3 ±0.09 and 1 .51 ±0.08),with statistical signifi-cances (F =49.1 6,P =0.000;F =1 00.34,P =0.000).Early-stage apoptosis rates of ECA1 09 transfected with NC,miR-1 43 mimics and miR-1 43 inhibitors were 3.42% ±0.72%,1 1 .63% ±1 .1 5% and 0.94% ± 0.1 0%,respectively,with statistical significance (F =1 51 .61 ,P =0.000).Meanwhile,compared with NC (migration cell number:336 ±1 3,invasion cell number:1 47 ±1 6),miR-1 43 mimics inhibited cell migration (1 48 ±1 6)and invasion (75 ±1 0),while miR-1 43 inhibitors promoted cell migration (51 0 ±1 4)and inva-sion (238 ±1 6),with statistical significances (F =470.99,P =0.000;F =90.04,P =0.000).Compared with NC (1 .00 ±0.00),miR-1 43 mimics down-regulated mRNA (relative expression level 0.22 ±0.08)and protein expression (relative expression level 0.46 ±0.08)of K-ras,whereas miR-1 43 inhibitors up-regulated mRNA (1 .55 ±0.1 2)and protein expression (1 .33 ±0.05)of K-ras (F =1 31 .36,P =0.000;F =88.1 7, P =0.000).Conclusion miR-1 43 functions as a tumor suppressor in esophageal cancer cell line ECA1 09, probably by down-regulating K-ras expression.

Objective To investigate the setup error for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with poor compliance using kV cone-beam computed tomography,and to calculate the expansion margin from the clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV).Methods In 45 NPC patients from 2013 to 2015,the setup error,95％ confidence interval (CI)-1 for random error,and PTV-1 value were calculated.Moreover,in 16 NPC patients with poor compliance based on five verifications (random error not within 95％ CI-1),the setup error,95％ CI-2 for random error,and PTV-2 value were calculated.For the 16 special patients,PTV-1 and PTV-1 combined with PTV-2 were used to develop the plan-1 and plan-2,respectively.The dosimetric difference between plan-1 and plan-2 was evaluated.Results Both PTV-1 and PTV-2 had the largest expansion margin in the y direction.The CTV of plan-1 could not meet the requirement of the prescription dose after the setup error was introduced.Compared with plan-1,the V95％ and D95 values for the CTV of plan-2 were increased by 6.26％ and 4.43％,respectively.The D01 value was significantly larger in plan-2 than in plan-1 (P=0.005),which,however,met the clinical requirement.Conclusions In patients with poor compliance,the dose to target volume can be effectively elevated and the normal tissue can be spared from damage when PTV-1 combined with PTV-2 is selected as expansion margin.