The present paper analyzes the situation of Chinese pharmaceutical industry which has been faced with carrying out market oriented economy and resuming General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The price will be free, all of the enterprises will compete on the basis of equality, and the annex will be developed during competition. On the one hand, the scale of some enterprises will be enlarged, and on the other hand a number of enterprises cannot be maintained any longer. Furthermore, foreign medical commodity will enter into our market pounding at that of domestic industry. Under this circumstance every enterprise should pay more attention on the quality, variety and cost of its own products, make vigorous efforts to carry out GMP to meet the challenge.

On the basis of data collected from an investigation on the variety structure of drug consumption in the cities and rural areas of China, we analyse the developing trend of the variety structure of drug consumption in China and elaborate the differences between urban and rural areas and between China and overseas.

This paper analyzes the influence of modern enterprise system on managerial mechanism and industrial management of pharmaceutical enterprise, and the countermeasure that should be adopted by enterprise are discussed as well.

To study the changes in vestibular function in Parkinson's disease patients, and its significance, eletronystagmography (ENG) was used to examine 54 patients with Parkinson's disease, and also 20 hea thy elderly subjects. The results of vestibular function tests including sensory organization test, nystagmus test, cold caloric test and positional test of these two groups were recorded for statisticed analysis. It was found that the rate of vestibular dysfunction in Parkinson's disease patients were 81 4%, and that of the controls 30%. There was significant difference between the two groups ( P

Laryngeal conservation surgery trys for more laryngeal function reservation in precondition of radical cure,and presently has been the main method of treating larygeal carcinoma.The article discusses the moral principle that should be followed in the course of developing conservation laryngeal surgery on the point of view of medical ethics.To get curative effect,the surgeons should possess high responsibility and masterly skill,and highly regard multi-discipline cooperation and multimodality therapies.

Objective To synthesize aristolochic acid Ⅰ(AAⅠ)-DNA adduct in vitro and to develop a method for the characterization of the adduct. Methods Aristolochic acid (AA) was incubated with 2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate in vitro using either enzymatic activation (by xanthine oxidase) or chemical activation (by zinc) to synthesize AAⅠ-DNA adduct. The AAⅠ-DNA adduct was characterized by the liquid chromatography electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Results AAⅠ-DNA adduct was prepared by two activation methods. Full scan spectra were obtained in the negative ion mode and the quasi-molecular ion peak was m/z 621. Analysis by electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) provided useful structural information about AAⅠ-DNA adduct. Conclusion AAⅠ can bind covalently to the exocyclic amino group of purine nucleotides to form AAⅠ-DNA adduct. LC/MS/MS is a practical tool to detect AAⅠ-DNA adduct.

Objective To evaluate the value of using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)technique for the detection of chromosome aberration of urine exfoliated cells for the diagnosis of bladder tumor.MethodsFISH technique were used to detect the abnormalities of chromosome 3,7,17 and 9p16 site from 20 normal people, and to establish the threshold.The morning's first urinations were available from 75 patients with bladder cancer and 25 patients without urothelial tumor, then were detected using FISH technique and urine cytology respectively.The sample was considered positive if two or more probes results higher than the criteria,or one probe has two or more abnormal results.Results The sensitivity of single using were 73.3％ (55/75),76.0％ (57/75),62.7％ (47/75) and 62.7％ (47/75) for the 4 probes (3,7, 17 and 9p16)respectively.The sensitivity of combined detection was 85.3％ (64/75) and specificity was 96.0％ (24/25) The sensitivity and specificity of urine cytology examination was 9.3％ (7/75) and 100％ (25/25) .The sensitivity of FISH examination was significantly higher than that of urine cytology examination (85.3％ vs 9.3％ ,x2 = 57.00, P ＜ 0.001) .Sensitivity of FISH examination was not correlated with cancer pathologic grading(low vs high : 84.2％ vs 86.5％, x2 = 0.08, P ＞ 0.05)and clinical stage (ta-tl : 82.9％, t2-t4 :87.5％, x2 = 0.32 ,P ＞ 0.05) .ConclusionFISH technique is a non-invasive and effective method for the early diagnosis of bladder tumor and is more sensitive than urine cytology.Furthermore, FISH technique can be used to predict the tumor's biological behavivor and prognosis.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal lymphoma(PAL).Methods Two cases of PAL were retrospectively analyzed and the literature was reviewed.Results One patient received laparoscopic right adrenalectomy and was diagnosed as B cell Non Hodgkin's lymphoma by pathology.Immunohistochemical stains showed positive for CD20 (B cell originmarker) but negative for CD3.0ne cycle CHOP ( eyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,andprednisone) chemotherapy was given post operation but the patient died three months after operationbecause of dyscrasia.Another patient received 2-stage bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy.Immuno histoehemical staining demonstrated positive CD3 (T cell origin marker) activity,but negative CD20 ac tivity and T cell Non l lodgkin's lymphoma was confirmed.Then the patient received four cyclesCHOP chemotherapy and was in good condition during S months follow up.Conclusions PAL is arare disease and has a poor prognosis.Most reported PAL patients who received only one therapeuticmodality have unsatisfactory survival rates.A combination of therapeutic modalities such as surgeryfollowed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may improve prognosis for patients with PAL than sin gle modality therapy.

Objective To investigate the feasibihty and effectiveness of the fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)technique in the diagnosis of renal pelvic tumor.Methods FISH technique were used to detect the abnormalities of chromosome 3,7,17 and 9 p16 from 20 people without malignancy.The morning's first urine were availahled from 15 patients with hematuria and suspected of renal mass by imaging,then were studied by FISH technique and urine cytology respectively.The sample was considered positive if two or more probes results were higher than the criteria,or one probe had two or more abnormal results.Results Eight of 15 patients with hematuria were renal pelvic urothehal carcinoma,5 were renal clear cell carcinoma,1 was renal chromophobe cell carcinoma,1 was xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis,confirmed by pathology.All of the 8 renal pelvic carcinoma were considered positive by FISH technique,while only 1 was considered positive by urine cytology.The variation rate of chromosome 3,7,17 were 100%(8/8)and chromosome 9 p16 was 75%(6/8).Six of 7 non-renal pelvic carcinoma were negative by FISH technique,but all Were negative by urine cytology.Conclusion FISH technique is a non-invasive and effective method for the diagnosis of renal pelvic tumor,and it's more sensitive than urine cytology.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease without remission after transsphenoidal surgery.Methods 12 patients of Cushing's disease without remission after transsphenoidal surgery were investigated in this retrospective study.There were 2 males and 10 females with an average age of 36 (21-46) years old.Cushing's disease was diagnosed with the typical symptoms and signs of Cushing's syndrome,endocrinological examination and CT or MRI.Transsphenoidal surgery was performed in all patients.None of the patients achieved remission after operation.Serum and urinary free cortisol (UFC)were still elevated 3 months after operation.Subtotal adrenalectomy combined with pituitary radiotherapy were performed in 5 patients,single subtotal adrenalectomy in 4,pituitary radiotherapy in 2 and bilateral adrenalectomy with adrenal autotransplantation in 1 patient.Results Those receiving subtotal adrenalectomy combined with pituitary radiotherapy had no recurrence or Nelson's syndrome during 20 years of follow-up,but 4 patients receiving single subtotal adrenalectomy recurred after 2 to 9 years after operation.2 patients achieved remission with pituitary radiotherapy 1 to 2 years later without recurrence during 5 years of follow-up.One patient who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy with adrenal autotransplantation needed steroid replacement and Nelson's syndrome occurred during 2 years of follow-up because transplanted adrenal gland had no function.Conclusion The diagnosis of Cushing's disease should be reconfirmed for patients without remission after transsphenoidal surgery and the treatment should be individualized based on the results of operation,pathology and imaging.