Quantitative HPLC method was developed for the determination of flavonoids in extract preparations of leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. YWG-C13 column was used with a mobile phase of methanol-water-glacial acetic acid (40: 57.5 : 2.5, V/V ) and detected at 254nm.The flow rate was 1.0ml/min. Ten Peaks were observed. Rutin was used as external standard and the calibratiott cirve was linear over the rang of 0.5~2.5?g (r =0.9996 ). The extraction recovery was 104.2% (RSD = 3.3% ) .Compared with the res ilts of chemical colorimetric analysis, the method has a better reprod icibility and more information about the flavonoids in G. biloba can be obtained.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the establishment and improvement of work system for clinical pharmacist in PIVAS of our province even the country. METHODS:Questionnaire was conducted to investigate the PIVAS directors in the 65 third-grade class A hospitals in China,and the data was statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Totally 65 questionnaires were sent out, 63 were effectively received,with effective rate of 96.9%. 98.4% respondents thought PIVAS should equip clinical pharmacist,but the actual situation in respondent's hospital was not ideal. 100% thought clinical pharmacist in PIVAS should have the ability of prescription checking and prescription evaluation;more than 95% thought clinical pharmacist in PIVAS should assume the medi-cine publicity and education and need to have good communication with clinic;only 42.9% thought clinical pharmacist in PIVAS need to take part in the routine drug dispensing. CONCLUSIONS:It is necessary to equip clinical pharmacist with professional training in PIVAS. Clinical pharmacist in PIVAS should focus their ability on prescription checking and evaluation,medicine public-ity and education,communication with clinic.

Objective To observe the influence of two feeding ways m coma patients at gastrointestinal tract complications.Methods Seventy patients were assigned randomly to two groups according to different feeding ways:entogastric continuing infusion (observation group,n=35) and entogastric manualinfusion (control group,n=35) from June 2006 to May 2007,and observed the ratio of gastrointestinal tract complications in two groups.Results Different feeding ways had significantly correlated with the complications of gastrointestinal tract.The ratio of gastrointestinal tract complications in observation group was lower (20.00%)than that in control group (42.86%).There was statistically significant difference in two groups,P＜0.05.Conclusion The ratio of gastrointestinal tract complications could obvious reduce in entogastric nutrition continuing infusion in coma patients.

Objective:To improve the understanding of special type of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) and reduce clinical missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis by investigating its echocardiographic features.Methods:Echocardiographic images of patients with special type of AVSD diagnosed by echocardiography and confirmed by surgery in Pediatric Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from November 2011 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Depending on the presence of ventricular septal defect(VSD), special type of AVSD were divided into two types, namely AVSD with intact ostium primum and AVSD with intact ostium primum and ventricular septum. The echocardiographic features of special type of AVSD were summarized.Results:Twenty-five cases of special type of AVSD were diagnosed by echocardiography and 13 cases were confirmed by surgery, including 12 cases with intact ostium primum and 1 case with intact ostium primum and ventricular septum. There were 5 cases without surgical indications, and 1 case was kept under observation due to small VSD. One patient with complex malformation only underwent pulmonary artery banding operation without treating intracardiac malformation. The other 4 cases of perimembrane VSD and 1 case of partial AVSD were misdiagnosed as special type of AVSD by echocardiography. All patients had mild to severe left atrioventricular regurgitation before surgery, and most patients remained left atrioventricular regurgitation of varying degrees after left atrioventricular valve formation. Characteristic sonographical findings included: ①The ostium primum was continuous and there was no ostium primum defect. ②The attachment points of the left and right atrioventricular valves were at the same level. ③The left atvioventricular valve was a trileaflet left atrioventricular valve and attached to the crest of the ventricular septum, forming the so-called "anterior mitral valve leaflet cleft". ④The two groups of papillary muscles of the left ventricle changed the normal anterolateral and posterolateral alignment, but showed a anteriorly and posteriorly relationship (counterclockwise transposition). ⑤In the presence of VSD, an inlet ventricular septal defect would be present. ⑥Color Doppler showed varying degrees of regurgitation signals from the left atrioventricular valve during systolic period. ⑦Other complex deformities may be combined with special type of AVSD.Conclusions:Echocardiography can make a definite diagnosis for special types of AVSD. The prognosis of this malformation is closely related to the left atrioventricular valve, and the shaping effect depends on the development of left atrioventricular valve and regurgitation.

Objective To study the function of ten-eleven translocation 2 (Tet2) in γglobin gene expression in patients with β-thalassemia.Methods Gamma globin expression was induced by 5-azacytidine and Tet2 gene expression was knocked down by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in a human immortalized myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line.The global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) level was measured by an ELISA kit.5hmC level of γglobin gene was quantified by sulfite sequencing.The mRNA level of Tet2,γglobin,and related transcription factors Nfe4 and Klfl were quantified by real-time PCR.Results Tet2 knockdown resulted in a decreased global 5hmC level from 0.14％ to 0.03％ as of the control group in K562 cells.The expression of γ globin was enhanced after 5-azacytidine treatment in vitro.However,γglobin mRNA level in Tet2 knockdown cells was only 55％ as that in control group.The CG sites on γ globin gene were unmethylated.As Tet2 was down-regulated,the expression levels of Nfe4 and Klf1 decreased by about 80％ and increased to 3.5 folds,respectively.Conclusions Tet2 appears to maintain 5hmC level and facilitates γ globin gene activation.Moreover,Tet2 more likely regulates γglobin expression via affecting transcription factors rather than the gene itself.Thus,Tet2 could be a potential therapeutic target for β thalassemias.

Objective To analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics of pediatric neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)in children. Methods The clinical data,imaging manifestations and follow - up data of 16 NMOSD patients at Department of Pediatric Neurology,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Univer-sity between July 2013 and September 2017 were respectively analyzed. Results In 16 patients,initial presentations included optica neuritis(ON)in 5 cases,longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis(LETM)in 6 cases,and among them there were 2 cases with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and 3 cases with both ON and LETM. Eleven cases received aquaporin - 4(AQP4)antibody examination and 4 cases were found seropositive. One case out of 7 detected cases was found AQP4 antibody positive in cerebrospinal fluid. Eleven cases received optica magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),and 8 cases were found abnormal signals in optic nerve and optica chiasma. The spinal cord MRI showed 13 ca-ses with LETM manifestations,and abnormal signals were found in vertebral segments(5 - 13),and among them 1 case had cervical cord,3 cases were thoracic cord and 9 cases were both of the above. Lesions in the cervical cord in 2 cases were extended upward to the medulla. Fifteen cases received brain MRI and all of them had brain lesions,which were mainly involved in the central and subcortical white matter,thalamus,corpus callosum,brainstem,the junction of spinal cord and medulla,cerebellum,and so on. All patients received treatment for acute attacks with high - dose Methylpred-nisolone and/ or gamma globulin and got obvious relief. Two cases with recurrent ON received treatment of Rituximab and their vision became improved. Fifteen patients were followed up,and 2 cases had limb disorders and 4 cases had visual impairment,other patients had no clinical symptoms. Conclusions Pediatric NMOSD has a diverse clinical pre-sentation at the onset disease. Those who are initial diagnosed acute myelitis,ON and acute disseminated encephalomye-litis should be considered the possibility of NMOSD. Antibody to AQP4 testing can assist the diagnosis. The typical ima-ging characters of NMOSD children are abnormal signals in the high expression area of AQP4. Intracranial lesions are more common in children. The acute treatment includes the high - dose Methylprednisolone and gamma globulin. Rituximab can be used for the recurrent patients.

BACKGROUND:Neuroinflammation is an important factor leading to secondary spinal cord injury,and microglia/macrophage pyroptosis is a significant part of post-spinal cord injury neuroinflammation.Studies have shown that microglia/macrophage undergoes pyroptosis after spinal cord injury,but the regulatory mechanism of circular RNA(circRNA)in microglia/macrophage pyroptosis after spinal cord injury remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role and mechanism of circRNA0005512 in regulating microglia/macrophage pyroptosis after spinal cord injury. METHODS:Female Wistar rats were divided into sham group and spinal cord injury group.Motor function was evaluated using the Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan(BBB)scale.Cavity volume was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Differential expression of circRNA in spinal cord tissue was screened using RNA-sequencing and circ0005512 was validated by real-time PCR.Immunofluorescence,western blot assay,ELISA,and real-time PCR were performed to detect cell pyroptosis in the rats and lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial cell line HAPI cell models.Gene knockdown was used to confirm the regulatory role of circRNA0005512 in microglia/macrophage pyroptosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Seven days after spinal cord injury,evident cavities were observed at the injury site.Immediately after spinal cord injury,the motor function of rats was completely lost.Over time,the motor function of rats in the spinal cord injury group gradually partially recovered,and there was a significant difference in BBB scores compared to the sham group.(2)Circ0005512 was significantly upregulated according to the results of the RNA-sequencing and confirmed in both the animal and cell models.(3)Immunofluorescence,western blot assay,real-time PCR,and ELISA confirmed the significant upregulation of cell pyroptosis markers(NLRP3,GSDMD,and caspase-1)in spinal cord injury tissue and lipopolysaccharide-induced HAPI cells.(4)In the cell model,knockdown of circ0005512 resulted in significantly decreased levels of cell pyroptosis marker-NLRP3.(5)The results above indicate that circ0005512 promotes pyroptosis in microglia/macrophages after spinal cord injury.