Guan Xin Shu ( GXS ) is a heparinoid.Quails were randomly divided into 2 groups. All of them were fed with inducer diet containing 1% cholesterol and 20% fat for 6 weeks. 1 group was treated with GXS (200mg/kg/d, ip ) , the other with 0.9% NaCl(0.2ml/100g/d, ip ) . 4 and 6 weeks after administration, serum cholesterol level was significantly reduced (mean 3l%, P

Objective To develop a method to determine trace Pb and Cd in mineral water, tap water and sea water. Methods Pb and Cd in the samples were enriched in the sulphydryl cotton column under the conditions that the pH of the samples was adjusted to 7 and collected by washing the column with 4 ml of 0.2 mol/L HCl solution. The concentration of Pb and Cd was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results Pb and Cd were not detected in four kinds of mineral water samples, but in tap water and sea water, Pb was 1.56 ?g/L and 0.43 ?g/L, Cd was 0.62 ?g/L and 0.07 ?g/L respectively. The rates of recovery were 96.6%-104.0% and RSD was

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the technique of transoral Orvil EEA stapler (OrVil) for laparoscopic gastrectomy of gastric cancer in our hospital.Methods Between Sep 2012 and Aug 2013,73 patients at our department underwent open (n =36) or laparoscopic (being reconstructed by OrVil,n =37) gastrectomy.Early surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared to assess the effectiveness,security and postoperative complications of OrVil procedure.Results The two groups had similar mean numbers of dissected lymph nodes (29 ± 10 vs.31 ± 14,t =-0.697,P =0.488),lengths of postoperative hospital stay (14 ± 5 vs.12 ± 3 d,t =1.933,P =0.057) and postoperative complications (11 vs.11,P =0.939).Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less (189 ± 79 vs.343 ± 90 ml,t =-7.782,P =0.000) and time to first flatus significantly shorter (2.9 ±0.5 vs.3.5 ±0.6 d,t =-4.714,P =0.000) with the use of OrVil.Operation time of laparoscopic group was significantly longer than that of open group (266 ± 97 vs.204 ± 39 min,t =3.607,P =0.001).There was one each anastomotic leakage in both groups.Conclusions With the suitable approach and skillful technique,OrVil is a technically safe and feasible surgical procedure for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Background The pathological basis of human primary open angle glaucoma mainly is the degeneration of trabecular meshwork and Schlemm canal.As the outflow pathway of aqueous humor, the tissue origin and characteristics of trabecular meshwork remain less clear.Studying the characteristics of trabecular meshwork may contribute a new thought to the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma.Objective This study was to explore the histological property of trabecular meshwork by detecting the expression of D2-40, a lymphatic biomarker,and CD31,CD34 and smooth muscle actin (SMA), some vascular endothelial biomarkers.Methods Twenty specimens of adult eyeballs were collected from Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University,including l0 eyeballs from accident death donors,3 enucleated eyeballs due to posterior segment of choroidal malignant melanoma and 7 orbital exenterated eyeballs.The series ocular meridian sections with the thickness of 4 μm were prepared for the haematoxylin-eosin staining.Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of D2-40,CD31 ,CD34 and SMA in trabecular meshwork and Schlemm canal.Results Intact structure of chamber angle was observed under the optical microscope by haematoxylin-eosin staining.Human trabecular meshwork tissue was presented with meshlike structure,while Schlemm canal showed the lumen structure.No abnormal substance and periphery synechia were found.D2-40 was strongly expressed in the trabecular meshwork endothelial cells with staining score for 3 points, but CD31, CD34 and SMA were negatively expressed.In contrast, CD31, CD34 and SMA rather than D2-40 were positively expressed in the Schlemm canal.In addition, CD31 and CD34 were also positively expressed in the vascular endothelial cells around the trabecular meshwork.Conclusions The trabecular meshwork expresses lymphatic biomarker rather than vascular biomarkers.This result indicates that trabecular meshwork of human eyes is lymphatic vessel-like tissue.

Aim: To study the synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of p-(sulfamyl) benzylidene-linked hetero-cyclic ketone derivatives. Methods: A series of p-(sulfamyl) benzylidene-linked heterocyclic ketone derivatives were synthesized. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated against xylene-induced ear oedema in mice and against carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. Gastrointestinal side effects in the rats were also examined after continu-ous introgastric administration of these compounds once daily for 7 days. Results: Twelve compounds( LHZ-101-LHZ-112) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by IR, ~1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. LHZ-105, LHZ-106 and LHZ-111 exhibited marked anti-inflammatory activity in xylene-induced mice ear swelling model. LHZ-106 and LHZ-111 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw ede-ma model. LHZ-105, LHZ-106 and LHZ-111 had less gastrointestinal side effects than diclofenac sodium and CI-1004. Conclusion: These results suggest that some of these compounds have the potential for anti-inflammatory activity with few gastrointestinal side effects.

Endoscopy ; Esophageal Perforation ; therapy ; Fistula ; therapy ; Foreign Bodies ; therapy ; Humans ; Stents

Objective To study the effect of rhein on the process of tubular epithelial-mesenchymat transformation in kidney of diabetic rats. Methods Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Control group (N group, n=12),diabetic group(D group, n=12), rhein treatment group(R group, n=12).The rats of rhein treatment group were treated with daily intragastric administration of periment. The excretion of urinary protein and serum creatine were measured. Histological changes of renal tissue were observed by HE and MASSON stain. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA,FN and TGF-β1 in kidney. Results Compared with the control group, the tubulointerstitial injury and the accumulation of extraeellular matrix protein in diabetic models were obvious(P＜0.01).Compared with the control group, the expression of E-cadherin was decreased significantly and the expression of α-SMA,FN and TGF-β1 was increased significantly in diabetic group. E-cadherin was negatively correlated with TGF-β1(rs=-0.60,P＜0.05),α-SMA and FN was positively correlated with TGF-β1(rs=0.88,P＜0.05;rs:0.91,P＜0.01).In comparison with diabetic group,rhein could up-regulate the expression of E-cad and down-regulate the expression of α-SMA and FN in renal tubular epithelial cells(P＜0.01).Conclusion Rhein could protect kidney by ameliorating interstitial fibrosis in diabetic rats. The mechanism may be depend on down-regulating the expression of TGF-β1 and suppressing tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transformation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells(Treg) in peripheral blood and intestinal endotoxin (ET) in liver injury of rat severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).MethodsSixty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into sham operation group(SO group) and severe acute pancreatitis group(SAP group).The rats in SAP group recevied the injection of Sodium Taurocholate(NaTc) into their far-end of bile-pancreatic duct and were sacrificed in 3-,6-and 12-hour,serum amylase(AMY) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) determined by full-automatic biochemistry instrument,limulus reagent method is used to determine ET content in plasma,the proportion of Treg among peripheral lymphocytes was determined by Flow Cytometry(FCM),HE stain is used to observe pathological changes in liver and pancreas,the protein of Foxp3 activity was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining,and the relationships between these indicators were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis test.ResultsHistopathologic examination and the level of ALT revealed the occurrence of pancreatic inflammation and pathological changes of liver in SAP group.The percentage of Treg in SAP groups significantly increased at 3 h(2.26％ ±0.32％),6 h(2.36 ％ ±0.48％)and 12 h(2.80％ ±0.35％) comparing to the SO groups(P＜0.01) ; plasma ET levels compared with the SO group was statistically significant (P＜ 0,01 ),and 12 h (0.85 ± 0.11) compared to,3 h (0.74±0.11) and 6 h (0.78-±-0.07) was no significant difference (P＞0.05).The expression of Foxp3 protein on the livers were upregulated markedly.Pearson correlation analysis teat showed that quantities of Treg were positively proportional to the levels of ET(r=0.89,P＜0.01) after liver injury of SAP.ConclusionsSAP may lead to liver injury and the high plasma levels of ET and Treg in peripheral blood may play an important role in liver injury of SAP.

Objective To observe the histopathologic injury of small intestine and intestinal permeability in chronic renal failure (CRF) rats. Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to CRF group (n=10) and control group (n=10). 5/6 nephrectomy was used to establish CRF rats, while sham operation for control. Blood biochemistry was regularly monitored until CRF model was successfully established. The model rats were fed with lactulose (L) and mannitol (M) through intragastric administration. Urine was collected after 6 hours, and the concentration of lactulose and mannitol in urine was measured using high pressure liquid chromatograph with refractive index detector (HPLC-RID), and the ratio of urinary excretion of L/M was calculated to evaluate intestinal permeability. Small intestinal mucosa were stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and observed with light microscope (villus height, thickness of muscle layer and villus count), histological damage score was used to evaluate intestinal injury. Results The L/M ratio of CRF group was higher than that of control group (1.75±0.11 vs 1.20±0.06, P<0.01). The small intestinal mucosal villus height and thickness of muscle layer in CRF group were higher (P<0.01), and the number of villi was lower compared to control group (P<0.01). The score of histopathologic intestine damage of CRF group was higher than that of control group (1.00±0.71 vs 0, P<0.01). Conclusion The intestinal permeability of CRF rats is increased with varying degrees of intestinal damage.

Objective To explore the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-delta-12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) on the expression of PPARγ, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the activation of STAT1 as well as the local inflammation reaction of abdominal cavity in sprague dawley (SD) rats with peritoneal dialysis- related acute peritonitis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were equally randomized to four groups(n=6 each): control group, injected with 4.25% dextrose peritoneal dialysate (PDF) via abdominal cavity(90 ml/kg); LPS group, injected with LPS(1 mg/kg) via abdominal cavity 4 hours later follewed by PDF injection; rosiglitazone plus LPS group (Rosi group), preconditioned with rosiglitazone (20 mg·kg-1·d-1) by intragastric way for 3 days, then injected with LPS and PDF via abdominal cavity; 15d-PGJ2 plus LPS group (15d-PGJ2 group), preconditioned with 15d-PGJ2 (0.3 mg·kg-1·d-1)via abdominal cavity injection for 3 days, then injected with LPS and PDF via abdominal cavity. The rats were killed 4 hours after PDF injection, IL-6 level in abdominal dropsy was determined by ELISA. Peritoneum tissue was stained by Masson. Leucocyte count in abdominal dropsy was performed. The mRNA expression of PPARγ and TLR4 in peritoneum tissue was determined by RT-PCR; the protein expression of PPARγ, TLR4, p-STAT1 and STAT1 in peritoneum tissue was analyzed by Western blot. Results IL-6 level of abdominal dropsy in LPS group [median 268.53 (range 201.87-335.19) ng/L] was significantly higher than that of control group [median 147.62 (range 130.60-164.64) ng/L] (P<0.01). The IL-6 level of abdominal dropsy in Rosi group [median 110.20 (range 77.60-142.80) ng/L] was significantly lower than that of LPS group (P<0.05). Compared to that of control group, the edematous degree of peritoneum in LPS group was significantly severer, meanwhile, mRNA and proteins expression of PPARγ and TLR4 in rat peritoneum were also significantly higher (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared to that of LPS group, the edematous degree of peritoneum in Rosi group was lighter, the expression of PPARγ and TLR4 mRNA was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05), meanwhile their proteins expression was down-regulated (P<0.05); and in 15d-PGJ2 group, the edematous degree of peritoneum, the expression of PPARγ mRNA and protein was also decreased (P<0.05), but TLR4 mRNA expression was up-regulated (P<0.01), however, its protein expression was down-regulated (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in leucocyte count of abdominal dropsy among the four groups. The p-STAT1 expression in the rats peritoneum induced by LPS was markedly increased by both rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2 (P<0.01). Conclusions Both rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2 can down-regnlate the inflammatory reaction in rat peritonitis induced by LIPS, which may be involved in modulating the expression of associated functional protein during LPS signal pathway.