Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of cluster nursing measures and conventional nursing measures to prevent the ventilator associated pneumonia.Methods The domestic related literatures were searched using computer,and the results underwent comprehensive analysis according to RevMan 5.2 in the Cochrane collaboration.The quantitative comparison of two different nursing measures in reducing the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia was conducted.Results A total of 23 articles which contained 6 146 patients met the inclusion standard.Due to heterogeneity between the included studies,the random effects model analysis was adopted to merge the RR combined (Total)=0.46,95％ CI(0.38,0.56),showed that cluster of nursing measures to significantly reduce the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia.Conclusions The effect of cluster nursing measures for ventilator associated pneumonia prevention is superior to the conventional nursing measures,which should vigorously be advocated in clinic.

This article selects chronic disease management research of academic literatures published in the national library in PubMed database from January 2000 to December 2013.Literature Bicomb co-occurrence analysis system was used for data extraction,analysis on the current international research achievements of chronic disease management,development situation and existing problems,reveal the research trend of chronic disease management and the status quo,which provided reference for the similar domestic research.

The shoulder joint is the largest joint of range of motion in the human body,but the stability is relatively low.Ath-letes and soldiers who engage in the high strength training are prone to shoulder joint instability, while Bankart lesion is the common factor which leads to shoulder joint instability.With the invention of the new medical devices and updating therapeutic method, the treatment of Bankart lesions is improved continuously.In this paper, we will review the key points of diagnosis and therapeutic method.

BACKGROUND:Different local anesthetic solutions for tumescent liposuction are necessary and have a certain effect on the biological characteristics of human adipose stem cels.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of different tumescent local anesthesia on the proliferation and differentiation of human adipose stem cels culturedin vitro.
METHODS: Passage 3 human adipose stem cels were intervened by different tumescent local anesthesia (bupivacaine, ropivacaine, lidocaine). Cels cultured in low-glucose DMEM served as controls. Proliferation ability, lactate dehydrogenase activity in the supernatant and percentage of cels under adipogenic differentiation were detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After intervention for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 days, the supernatant lactate dehydrogenase activity in the bupivacaine, ropivacaine, lidocaine groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and moreover, the lactate dehydrogenase activity in the bupivacaine group was significantly higher than that in the ropivacaine group and lidocaine group (P < 0.05). The absorbance value of human adipose stem cels was lower in the bupivacaine, ropivacaine, lidocaine groups than the control group (P < 0.05) as wel as lower in the bupivacaine group than the ropivacaine and lidocaine groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of cels under adipogenic differentiation between groups (P > 0.05). Overal, these findings indicate that different tumescent local anesthesia (bupivacaine, ropivacaine, lidocaine) can al inhibit the proliferation of human adipose stem cels, but have no certain effects on the adipogenic differentiation.

Application of virtual experiment in the pathophysiology experimental teaching brings more vividness and interest,increases students'activities to complete experiments just like being in a real laboratory.it also relieves the contradiction between teaching requirements and experimental conditions effectiveIy,and take a new learning style to students and promote the changes of teachers'teaching model and teaching idea.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of different oral care solution.Methods Literature data were collected by computer retrieval covering China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),China Biology Medicine (CBI) and Wanfang database,and Note Express and Addis software were used to evaluate the randomized controlled trials of literature.Results 19 separate randomized controlled trials were included in the research hterature;Network Meta analysis results showed that in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia,the electrolyzed oxidizing water,compound chlothexidine,hydrogen peroxide,sodium bicarbonate,distilled water and 0.9％ saline had statistically significant difference (OR=0.25,95％CI=0.02-0.72),and the effect of sodium bicarbonate was better than the other oral care solutions;in the prevention of oral odor,the oral care solution had no significant difference (OR=0.86,95％CI=0.34-1.74),and sodium bicarbonate of the total ranked the best preventive effect;in the prevention of oral infection,the oral care solution had no significant difference (OR=0.62,95％CI=0.09-1.60).Conclusions Based on the meta analysis results,with 0.9％ saline for common interventions,sodium bicarbonate oral nursing liquid is superior to other oral nursing liquid in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia,oral smell and infection.

Quality indicator is defined as the measure used to access the degree of inherent characteristics meeting the requirements .It is a powerful tool to improve laboratory quality to monitor and evaluate performance throughout critical steps in the total testing process .Targeted quality improvement can be obtained by quantizing quality levels in each phase when the quality indicators applied .Establishing and monitoring the quality indicators enables laboratory to compare over time between providers , and evaluate the effectiveness of delivered services and improving patient safety .

Objective To investigate the self-care agency level and analysis the relationship between the self-care ability level and the prognosis of the patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by liver cirrhosis.Methods In the first stage,78 cases of liver cirrhosis patients complicated with first eruption of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were selected,the Exercise of Self Care Agency Scale (ESCA)was adopted to assess the self care ability of patients,the results underwent analysis.In the second stage,according to the results that the proportion of scores accounted for total score ratio,the patients were divided into low,medium and high level groups.By prospective studies,through telephone follow-up and clinic follow-up,the evaluation items of patients were collected,and the survival status of patients within 3 months after discharge was compared.Results For patients with upper digestive tract bleeding caused by liver cirrhosis,the self-care scored (84.07±17.38) totally,among 78 patients selected,15.4％ (12/78) was in the low level,75.6％ (59/78) was in the medium level,9.0％ (7/78) was in the high level.The self-care ability increased in conjunction with decreased mortality rate.The mortality rate in the lower level group was 8/12,33.9％ (20/59) in the medium level group,1/7 in the higher level group,there was statistically significant difference,x2=6.3,P＜0.05.The MELD-Na scores in the lower,medium and higher level groups wererespectively 34.03±4.62,22.57±3.05,12.87±1.36,F=6.0,P＜0.05.Likewise,complication incidence rates were negatively correlated with self-care ability,r =-(0.525-0.189).Conclusions The self-care ability of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding caused by liver cirrhosis is in the medium level,and it exercises certain influence on prognosis of patients.Attention should be paid to cultivation of self-care ability of patients in clinic.

Objective Clinically, the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL) can be reconstructed by either ligament advanced reinforcement system ( LARS) artificial ligament or hamstring tendon autograft ( HTAG) . This study aims to compare the early clinical outcomes of LARS versus HTAG in the treatment of ACL. Methods This study included 38 cases of ACL injury treated in our de-partment from March 2012 to August 2014, 18 by LARS artificial ligament and the other 20 by HTAG. Before and at 18 months after surgery, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of the tow strategies using the Lysholm knee scoring scale and International Knee Documen-tation Committee ( IKDC) scoring systems, and conducted statistical analysis on the follow-up findings. Results Statistically signifi-cant differences were not observed preoperatively between the LARS and HTAG groups either in the Lyshrolm scores (46.78±1.52 vs 46.80 ±1.89, P>0.05) or in the IKDC scores (42.83±1.47 vs 42.20±1.61, P>0.05), nor at 18 months postoperatively in the Lyshrolm scores (93.52±3.19 vs 94.10±1.37, P>0.05) or the IKDC scores (92.11± 1.45 vs 93.15±1.76, P>0.05). However, both the LARS and HTAG groups showed significant differences in the Lyshrolm and IKDC scores at the baseline as compared with those at 18 months after oper-ation ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Both LARS artificial ligament ham-string tendon autograft can achieve good early clinical outcomes in ACL reconstruction.

Objective To explore morphologic variations and their spatial correlation among Oncomelania hupensis populations from the mainland of China. Methods Twenty-seven snail populations from ten provinces were collected. The morphologic indices of shells and geographic distances between the snail spots were measured respectively, and the morphologic variations among snail populations and the correlations between morphologic variations and geographical distances were analyzed. Results The median of Euclidean distances was 3.24 (95% CI: 2.88-3.81) among 20 snail populations of O.h.hupensis including a snail population from Guangxi Province, and was 3.15 (95% CI: 2.86-3.76) excluding the Guangxi snail population; the median was 1.69 (95% CI: 1.33-2.27) among 6 populations of O.h.robertsoni. Whether including a snail population from Guangxi Province or not, the median among O.h.robertsoni was less than that among O.h.hupensis (P0.05). The correlation coefficient was 0.2655 for O.h.hupensis including a snail population from Guangxi Province, 0.2567 not including it; and was 0.3121 for ribbed-shell population. Conclusions Morphologic variation among O.h.hupensis is bigger than that among O.h.robertsoni, and morphologic variation among ribbed-shell populations is bigger than that among smooth-shell populations. There is significant spatial structure among ribbed-shell snail populations of Oncomelania hupensis distributed in the mainland of China.