To determine the treatment result of Adhesive otitis media, 105 cases(129 cars) were analysed retrospectively. Of them, 70 ears( 54 %) had a small air - room at the tympanic opening of eustachian tube, 12 ears had obstructed eustachian tube. The classification of adhesive otitis media and selection of proper measures were discussed. Further improvement of hearing was still a puzzled problem.

Objective To evaluate the effect of controlling cost by introducing hand hygiene products with lower price on promoting hand hygiene compliance.Methods The application status and cost of hand hygiene products in 2012 was as pre-intervention group,2013 was as post-intervention group.Effective and lower price hand hygiene products were introduced in 2013,consumption and cost of hand hygiene products before and after the intervention was compared.Results Consumption of hand hygiene products per patient-day before and after the intervention was significantly different ([10.56±16.46]mL vs [13.79 ± 16.93 ]mL,Z=4.14,P <0.01 );cost of hand hygiene products per patient-day before and after the intervention was not significantly different ([1 .23 ±2.07]yuan vs [0.92±0.59]yuan,P >0.05).Conclusion Introduction of hand hygiene products with lower price in this hospital can improve hand hygiene compliance to certain degree without increasing the cost of hand hygiene.

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs induced liver injury (ATDILI) and to discuss its impact on the treatment outcome of patients treated with first line anti-TB drugs.Methods Among the patients who received anti-TB treatment with directly-observed treatment strategy (DOTS),121 patients with ATDILI and 817 patients without ATDILI were included in this retrospective cohort study.Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of ATDILI in univariate and multivariate analysis.The x2 test was used to compare the treatment success rates and drug resistant rates.Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank test were used to compare the sputum smear/culture conversion rates and cavity closure rates.Results The incidence of ATDILI was 12.9％ (121/938) in this cohort.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that hepatitis B virus carrier with both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive (OR=4.29,95％CI:2.15-8.58,P＜0.01),complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus (OR=3.34,95％CI:1.46-7.63,P=0.004),serum albumin ≤25 g/L (OR=3.14,95％CI:1.50-6.58,P=0.002) and alcoholism (OR=1.79,95％CI:1.14-2.82,P=0.012) were independent risk factors of ATDILI.The treatment failure rate in patients with ATDILI was significantly higher than that in patients without ATDILI (19.1％[24/121] vs8.0％[65/817],OR=2.86,95％CI:1.71-4.78,P＜0.01).The drug resistant rates of two groups were not significant different (4.1％[5/121] vs 1.7％[14/817],P＞0.05).The sputum smear/culture conversion rate (85.4％[41/48] vs 94.0％ [298/317],x2 =38.912,P＜0.01) and cavity closure rate (84.6％[22/26] vs 93.0％[198/213],x2 =20.709,P＜0.01) in patients with ATDILI were both significantly lower than those in patients without ATDILI.Conclusions The incidence of ATDILI is relatively high in hospitalized patients treated with first line anti-TB drugs.ATDILI has negative effects on treatment outcome of TB patient.Hepatitis B carrier with positive HBsAg and HBeAg,systemic lupus erythematosus,albumin ≤25 g/L and alcoholism may increase the risk of developing ATDILI.

The occurrence of malignant tunors is increasing annually around the world.In every year,8.2 million patients died of malignant tumors in which about 90％ patients died of malignant tumors associated multiple organs metastases.Inhibiting tumor metastasis is the key event to prolong the survival time of patients.With the further research,tumor-vessel associated extravascular tumor metastasis is playing an increasingly important role in the clinical application.This paper summarizes the new developments of tumor-vessel associated extravascular tumor metastasis to provide possible ideas for the therapy of malignant tumors.

Objective To observe the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) based on a normal walking pattern on the lower extremity function of subjects early after cerebral infarction.Methods Twenty patients with cerebral infarction aged (59.7 ± 10.1) years (range 45-80) who were hospitalized and within 3 months (31.1 ± 19.3 days) after the onset were randomly assigned to an FES group (n =11) or a placebo stimulation group (n =9).All subjects in both groups received standard medical and rehabilitation treatment.In addition,the FES group received FES and the placebo group received sham-FES without current output.The daily stimulation and shamstimulation sessions lasted for 30 min,5 d/week for 3 weeks.All of the subjects in the two groups were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA),postural assessment for stroke patients (PASS),the Berg balance scale (BBS),functional ambulation categories (FACs) and the modified Barthel index (MBI).Results After 3 weeks of treatment,FMA,PASS,BBS and MBI scores had all improved significantly compared with before treatment in both groups,but the FES group showed significantly better improvement.After treatment the average FAC results of both groups had improved,and there was no significant difference between the two groups.At the same time,the research revealed the expected significant correlations among the FMA,PASS,BBS and MBI results.Conclusion FES based on a normal walking pattern can improve lower extremity motor function early after cerebral infarction,improve balance,and improve ability in the activities of daily living.

Objective To investigate the character and location of a novel gene R049 and its expressed protein in uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC) strain 132 isolated in China. MethodsThe chromosome library of UPEC132 was constructed by a shotgun strategy and the sequence analysis was carried out by a high-throughput pyrophosphate sequencing. Sequence reads were assembled with the Newbler program.The characters of R049-associated specific fragment were analyzed using the bioinformatics methods. Outer and inner membrane proteins of UPEC132 were extracted and then detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis together with the whole-cell lysates. ResultsThe 169 022 bp contig containing gene R049 was obtained and its sequence was very similar to the chromosome associated sequence of UPEC strain 536. It showed that a 20 773 bp fragment including R049 replaced the pathogenicity island PAI Ⅲ536 of UPEC536 in above 169 022 bp contig. The fragment had a lower GC content (46.97％) and 16 bp direct repeats in two ends. Significantly it also was adjacented to thrW tRNA, insertion element and genes coding integrase. Thus the 20 773 bp fragment was named R049 genome island(R049-GI). There were 25 ORFs in R049-GI, and gene R049 was located in the thirteenth ORF. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot revealed gene R049 encoded an outer membrane protein in the size of 47.0× 103. ConclusionGene R049, encoding an outer membrane protein, was a component part of the genome island in UPEC 132 chromosome acquired by horizontal gene transfer.

Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on spatial learning and memory ability, long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptophysin (Syp) levels in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated control group, a model group, an EA group and a medication group. A rat model of vascular dementia (VD) was established by repeated ischemia and reperfusion after pretreatment with sodium nitroprusside. EA was applied to the rat homologues of the human "Baihui" (GV20) and "Dazhui" (DU14) acupoints of the rats in the EA group for 20 min, once daily for 10 d.Morris water maze tests were conducted for evaluating the rats,learning and memory ability. LTP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus was recorded as an electrophysiological index for evaluating learning and memory. Antigenic Syp produced in hippocampal tissue was examined with immunohistochemical assays. Results In comparison the with model group, escape latency (EL) shortened and target-platform crossing times increased significantly in the EA and medication groups. After high frequency stimulation the population spike (PS) latency shortened in the EA group compared with the model group, and the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope and PS amplitude increased.All of these differences were statistically significant. Syp positive cells also increased significantly in the EA-treated rats. Conclusions EA can increase Syp expression and improve the learning and memory ability of rats with this model of VD. EA could facilitate the induction and maintenance of LTP in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus through influencing synaptic transmission.

Objective To investigate the effect of COX￣2 inhibitor celecoxib on radiosensitity of irradiation￣resistant cell line CNE￣2R of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the potential mechanism. Methods Via exposing to a series of X￣ray (2, 4, 6, 8 Gy, 3 times for each dose), radio￣resistant cell subline CNE￣2R was established from human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE￣2.Radiosensitivity was detected by clone formation assay.CNE￣2R and CNE￣2 cell lines were exposed to 25, 50, 75 μmol.L-1 celecoxib, respectively.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of COX￣2.Clone formation assay was performed to measure the survival fraction of CNE￣2 and CNE￣2R after radiotherapy alone or radiotherapy combined with 30 μmol.L-1 celecoxib treatment.Flow cytometry was used to measure influence of radiotherapy alone or radiotherapy combined with 30 μmol.L￣1celecoxib treatment on cell apoptosis.Number of residual γ￣H2AX foci was observed by immunofluorescence assay. Results The colony forming assay demonstrated that the values of SF2, D0 , Dq , and N of CNE￣2R cell subline [(0.81±0.05), (2.15±0.07) Gy, (2.94±0.08) Gy, (3.91±0.07), respectively] was significant higher than those of CNE￣2 cell line [(0.61±0.08), (1.47±0.06) Gy, (1. 68 ± 0. 10) Gy, (3. 13 ± 0. 05), respectively]. The expression of COX￣2 protein was significantly downregulated with increasing celecoxib concentration.Surviving fraction was decreased in both CNE￣2 and CNE￣2R cell lines after irradiation.After radiotherapy combined with celecoxib, apoptosis rates of CNE￣2 and CNE￣2R cell lines [(13.10±0.63)%, (5.30±0.75)%] were higher than those of the corresponding control groups [(4.90±0.71)%, (1.82±0.82)%].Celecoxib increased radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE￣2R and CNE￣2 cell lines.The number of residual γ￣H2AX foci after irradiation was increased by celecoxib pretreatment.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Celecoxib can enhance radiosensitivity of radio￣resistant cell subline CNE￣2R of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro.

The present study was aimed at the comparison of the pharmacokinetics of pure chlorogenic acid and extract of Solanum lyratum Thunb. The animals were allocated to two groups, and were administered chlorogenic acid or extract of S. lyratum Thunb. at a dose of 50.0 mg/kg orally. Blood samples were collected up to 8 h post-dosing. Plasma chlorogenic acid analyses were performed using an HPLC method with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using non-compartmental assessment. Significant differences existed in the two groups for AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and CLz/F. The reliable HPLC method was successfully applied to the determination of chlorogenic acid in rat plasma at dosage of 50.0 mg/kg.

Objective To determine the association of-429T/C and G1704T polymorphisms in the receptor for advanced glycation end products gene with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Methods Case-control study.From the Beijing Desheng Diabetic Eye Study cohort of 1467 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),a total of 97 patients with PDR and 105 diabetic patients without retinopathy (DWR,duration of diabetes 15 years) were included for this study.Questionnaires were collected and general ophthalmologic examinations were performed.Biochemical analysis was conducted.DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood.The-429T/C and G1704T single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected by the means of PCR-restrication fragment length polymorphisms.Results The frequency distribution of-429T/C in DWR group was 81.0％ in TT,16.1％ in TC,2.9％ in CC.The frequency distribution of-429T/C in PDR group was 77.3％ in TT,20.6％ in TC,2.1％ in CC.There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups (x2 =0.40,P＞0.05).Frequency of the-429T/C minor allele C in the DWR and PDR group were 11.0％ and 12.4％,respectively,with no significant statistical difference between the two groups (x2 =0.20,P＞0.05).The frequency distribution of G1704T in DWR group was 66.7％ in GG,29.5％ in GT,3.8％ in TT.The frequency distribution of G1704T in PDR group was 78.4％ in GG,21.6％ in GT.There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups (x2 =3.44,P＞0.05).Frequency of the G1704T minor allele T in the DWR and PDR group were 18.6 ％ and 10.8 ％,respectively,in which significant difference was found within the two groups (x2 =4.79,OR=1.88,95％CI:1.06-3.33,P＜0.05).Conclusions G1704T polymorphism is associated with PDR presence and 1704G allele may increase the risk of PDR.