Objective To investigate the role of sex hormones and interleukin (IL)-6 in the pathogenesis of primary Sjgren′s syndrome (pSS). Methods Serum specimen of 21 postmenopausal patients with pSS and 21 postmenopausal healthy women were collected. Serum estradiol (E2) and testosterone (Te) were estimated by the commercial radioimmunoassay kits, whereas serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were measured by enzyme-amplified chemiluminescence assay. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine levels of IL-6 in serum. Results The DHEAS and the Te level in serum were lower in postmenopausal patients with pSS than in healthy controls (P0.05). The level of IL-6 in pSS patients was higher than that in controls (P0.05). Conclusion Primary Sj(?)gren′s syndrome, in which an altered metabolism of sex hormones has occured, appears to be influenced by the change of the levels of sex hormones and IL-6 in serum.

Objective To explore early clinical diagnosis of infant with cerebral palsy(CP). Methods Early diagnosis of cerebral palsy information abroad was referenced. DDST scale screening, newborn NBAS inspection stan-dards, VOJTA postural reflex and the nervous system reflective were used to evaluate the cerebral palsy. Results 90 cases CP of which 63 eases spastie. Xu mobile hand-foot-15 cases, 12 cases of mixed type. Conclusion Standardized,quantitative indicators,only workable and easy to use.

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs induced liver injury (ATDILI) and to discuss its impact on the treatment outcome of patients treated with first line anti-TB drugs.Methods Among the patients who received anti-TB treatment with directly-observed treatment strategy (DOTS),121 patients with ATDILI and 817 patients without ATDILI were included in this retrospective cohort study.Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of ATDILI in univariate and multivariate analysis.The x2 test was used to compare the treatment success rates and drug resistant rates.Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank test were used to compare the sputum smear/culture conversion rates and cavity closure rates.Results The incidence of ATDILI was 12.9％ (121/938) in this cohort.Multivariate Logistic regression showed that hepatitis B virus carrier with both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive (OR=4.29,95％CI:2.15-8.58,P＜0.01),complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus (OR=3.34,95％CI:1.46-7.63,P=0.004),serum albumin ≤25 g/L (OR=3.14,95％CI:1.50-6.58,P=0.002) and alcoholism (OR=1.79,95％CI:1.14-2.82,P=0.012) were independent risk factors of ATDILI.The treatment failure rate in patients with ATDILI was significantly higher than that in patients without ATDILI (19.1％[24/121] vs8.0％[65/817],OR=2.86,95％CI:1.71-4.78,P＜0.01).The drug resistant rates of two groups were not significant different (4.1％[5/121] vs 1.7％[14/817],P＞0.05).The sputum smear/culture conversion rate (85.4％[41/48] vs 94.0％ [298/317],x2 =38.912,P＜0.01) and cavity closure rate (84.6％[22/26] vs 93.0％[198/213],x2 =20.709,P＜0.01) in patients with ATDILI were both significantly lower than those in patients without ATDILI.Conclusions The incidence of ATDILI is relatively high in hospitalized patients treated with first line anti-TB drugs.ATDILI has negative effects on treatment outcome of TB patient.Hepatitis B carrier with positive HBsAg and HBeAg,systemic lupus erythematosus,albumin ≤25 g/L and alcoholism may increase the risk of developing ATDILI.

Objective To clone, express and purify the extracellular carbohydrate recognition do-main(CRD) of Dectin-1 in mouse peritoneal macrophages and to further investigate its ability to recognize and bind to β-glucans. Methods The Dectin-1 CRD gone was amplified by RT-PCR from RNA of mouse peritoneal macrophages and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET28a (+), the constructed pET-CRD recombinant plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and the fusion protein was in-duced to express. After affinity purification and renaturation, the fusion protein was incubated with Candida albicans yeast and its ability to recognize and bind to β-glucans in the cell wall of fungi. Results The fu-sion protein could recognize β-glucans in the fungal cell wall. Conclusion The recombinant expression plasmid pET28a-CRD was successfully constructed and the fusion protein was induced. The fusion protein is able to recognize and bind to β-glucans in the fungal cell wall, thus laying a good foundation for fungal de-tection and the exploration of the biological role of β-glucans.

Objective To evaluate the impact of low dietary glycemic index on the risk of coronaryheart disease (CHD).Methods We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,JBI Database of Systematic Reviews,MEDLINE,EMbase,CBMdisk,and CNKI to collect cohort studies from 2000 to 2011.The quality of cohort studies was critically appraised and data were extracted by 4 reviewers independently.Meta-analysis were conducted for the eligible cohort studies using RevMan 5.0.Results Five cohort studies were included,and 128 911 samples were researched.The result of meta analysis indicated that low dietary glycemic index was a protective factor of CHD,RR value was 1.25,95％ CI was (1.13,2.15).Further more,the result was only effective to female,RR value was 1.35,95％ CI was (1.16,1.57),but not to male,RR value was 0.96,95％CI was (0.76,1.31).Conclusions Low dietary glycemic index can decrease the risk of CHD,but it is still to be proved whether it is suitable to male.

Objective To investigate the character and location of a novel gene R049 and its expressed protein in uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC) strain 132 isolated in China. MethodsThe chromosome library of UPEC132 was constructed by a shotgun strategy and the sequence analysis was carried out by a high-throughput pyrophosphate sequencing. Sequence reads were assembled with the Newbler program.The characters of R049-associated specific fragment were analyzed using the bioinformatics methods. Outer and inner membrane proteins of UPEC132 were extracted and then detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis together with the whole-cell lysates. ResultsThe 169 022 bp contig containing gene R049 was obtained and its sequence was very similar to the chromosome associated sequence of UPEC strain 536. It showed that a 20 773 bp fragment including R049 replaced the pathogenicity island PAI Ⅲ536 of UPEC536 in above 169 022 bp contig. The fragment had a lower GC content (46.97％) and 16 bp direct repeats in two ends. Significantly it also was adjacented to thrW tRNA, insertion element and genes coding integrase. Thus the 20 773 bp fragment was named R049 genome island(R049-GI). There were 25 ORFs in R049-GI, and gene R049 was located in the thirteenth ORF. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot revealed gene R049 encoded an outer membrane protein in the size of 47.0× 103. ConclusionGene R049, encoding an outer membrane protein, was a component part of the genome island in UPEC 132 chromosome acquired by horizontal gene transfer.

Objective To explore the clinical causes and preventive measures of complicating ascites of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (MPCNL).Methods Retrospective analysis of 285 patients with MPCNL for upper urinary tract calculus,which were divided into ascites group and no-ascites group.Results All the procedures were successful.Ascites group of 21 cases,no-ascites group of 264 cases.Univariate analysis showed that the diameter and number of calculus,perfusion pressure,perfusion time,pressure volume of irrigation fluid,preoperative upper urinary tract infection,history of treatment associated with complicating ascites (P＜ 0.05),with age,gender,body mass index no correlation (P＞ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that perfusion pressure,perfusion time,pressure volume of irrigation fluid was independent risk factors after MPCNL concurrent ascites (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions MPCNL concurrent ascites are closely related to the large perfusion volume,the long operative perfusion time,the high perfusion pressure of irrigation fluid.On the premise of keeping the operative visual field clear,as far as possible to reduce the perfusion pressure,control irrigation fluid-flow rate,reduce the large peffusion volume.These could decrease the coincidence of the ascites.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic accuracy and the clinical usefulness of the combination of troponin I (cTnI) and copeptin detected in patients with suspected non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Methods 176 patients presenting to the emergency departments with chest chocking or chest pain within 6 hours and without ST elevation on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) were enrolled in this study. The level of copeptin and cTnI was measured. The diagnosis was adjudicated by 2 independent experts.The diagnostic performance of them was assessed using ROC analysis , and the sensitivity and specificity of them were inferred based on the positive rate of two cardiac markers. Results (1)The levels of copeptin and cTnI in NSTEMI patients were markedly higher than other groups (P<0.05).(2)The AUCs of copeptin and cTnI were 0.846 and 0.683, and the 95%CI of two markers were 0.786 ~ 0.906 and 0.577 ~ 0.789, respectively. (3)Using 10.85 pmol/L as cut off value,the sensitivity and specificity of copeptin were 90% and 64%,and the positive predictive value and the negative predictive valueof NSTEMI diagnose were 42.4% and 95.6%,respectively.Using 0.05 ng/mL as cut off value,the sensitivity and specificity of cTnI were 42.5% and 94.1%,the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value were 68%and 84.8% for diagnosis of NSTEMI. (4)The copeptin level over 10.85 pmol/L in combination with cTnI could be used to detect NSTEMI with higher sensitivity than that of copeptin or cTnI alone (95% vs 90% vs 42.5%). The negative predictive value of the combination of copeptin and cTnI was increased , compared to that of copeptin or cTnI alone (97.7% vs 95.6% vs 85.7%). Conclusions Determination of copeptin in addition to cTnI can improves diagnostic performance , especially early after chest pain onset. It seems to allow a rapid and reliable rule out of NSTEMI.

Objective To investigate the experience of diagnosis and management of coexisting ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and nonreflux megaureter (NRM).Methods The retrospective study of UPJO with NRM was based on 10 years information retrieved from January 2005 to December 2015.The data of 13 patients (8 males and 5 females) were available and recorded.Mean age at surgery was 3.7 years old (range 1.8 to 14 years).The diagnosis and mangement were summarized.Coexisting ureterovesical junction obstruction (UVJO) and vesicoureteral reflux,iatrogenic stricture and vesicoureteral reflux were excluded.Intravenous pyelography,voiding cystourethrography,ultrasound and CT reconstruction were performed before operation.Only six patients had an accurate diagnosis as UPJO with UVJO before surgery.Pyeloplasty was the initial surgical management choice for 10 patients,and ureteroneocystostomy in 3 patients.Results UVJO were diagnosed with pyelography techniques in 3 patients after pyeloplasty,while 4 were diagnosed as nonreflux and nonobstruction megaureter.Of the 10 patients who underwent initial pyeloplasty,additional ureteroneocystostomy was required in 3 and the prognosis was good.Additional pyeloplasty was required in 2 of the 3 patients who initially underwent ureteroneoeystostomy.Mean follow-up time from last operation was 23.3 months (6-53 months),the overall prognosis was good.Conclusions It is often difficult to correctly diagnose coexisting UPJO and NRM.In patients with UPJO,it is highly recommended nephrostomy radiography after pyeloplasty to evaluate the distal ureterovesical junction.Initial pyeloplasty is always recommended as first-line therapy.Additional ureteroneocystostomy was required when hydroureteropelvic was aggravated.

Neurodegenerative disease is characterized by progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions that results in neuronal dysfunction of the central nervous system. Although the pathological mechanism is not fully established, the activation of glial cells mediated neuroinflammation appears to be involved. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is originally described as intracellular chaperone, which plays an important role in protein quality control in cells. However, recent study showed that up-regulation of HSP70 had anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. HSP70 protected neurons from damage and improved neurological function by decreasing inflammatory response as indicated by inactivation of glial cells and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. So it is of great significance to find new compounds targeting at HSP70 as neuroprotective agents to delay the progress of neurodegenerative disease. This review will focus on the role of HSP70 in neuroinflammation and the recent advances in using HSP70 as a target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.