Objective To study the significance of dissection and exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) in thyroid surgery.Methods The clinical data of 1 082 patients who had undergone operations on thyroid were retrospectively reviewed.All cases were routinely operated with dissection and exposure of RLN.Results Six cases had injury of RLN(0.5%),3 cases showed parathyroid insufficiency(0.3%)and 2 cases had injury of the superior laryngeal nerve(0.2%) ofter operation.The incidence of operative complications in thyroid surgery was closely related with if exposure of the RLN.Conclusions Exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a key measure to decrease injury of parathyroids,superior laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery.

Objective:To examine the effects of psychological and physiological stress on hippocampal extracellular monoamine content under simulated high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia.Methods:The male SD rats were randomly divided into ten groups:control(Con group), hypoxia(Hy group), psychological stress(twice/day)(Ps1group), psychological stress(twice/day?2day)(Ps2 group), psychological stress(twice/day) + hypoxia(Ps1+Hy group), psychological stress(twice/day? 2day) +hypoxia(Ps2+Hy group), physiological stress(twice/day)(Ph1group), physiological stress(twice/day?2day)(Ph2 group), physiological stress(twice/day) + hypoxia(Ph1+Hy group), physiological stress(twice/day?2day) + hypoxia(Ph2+Hy group).The contents of norepinephrine(NE), dopamine(DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) in extracellular fluid of hippocampus collected by push-pull perfusion were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrichemical detection(HPLC-ECD).Results:①Compared with the Con group, the content of NE was significantly lower in Hy, Ps1+Hy and Ph2+Hy groups(P

Objective: To study NOS activities in serum of rats under different stresses. Methods: Two models of stress were made in rats, one is the conventional forced swimming model (including 12 rats), and the other is a social defeated paradigm (including 12 rats). The activities of NOS of rats under each model and of one control group (10 rats) were measured. Results: Compared with control, the NOS activity under social defeated paradigm was lower (15.36?1.74/17.11?1.67 U/ml, t=2.32, P

Objective: To study the changes of serum interleukin levels and immune function of rats under stress. Method: 18 male rats were randomly divided into two groups, stress group (10) received "psychosocial"stress and their serum were taken after 1 hour; control group (8). Serum interleukin 2, 6, 8 and cortisol levels of all subjects were determined. Results: Compared with control group, the level of serum cortisol increased after stress (6.51?2.5/3.76?0.4 (ug/dl, t=3.45, P

Objective: To study the change of NO (nitric oxide) and NOS (nitric oxide synthase) in brain of rats induced by acute stress Method: The concentration of NO and NOS in frontal lob, hippcampus, midbrain and hypothalamus were measured in 1 and 3 hours after stress respectively Results: The concentration of NO and NOS in hippcampus and hypothalamus were significantly higher than that of control group at 1 hour after stress (P

Objective: To study the change of cyclic nucleotide in brain of rats induced by acute stress Method: The concentration of cAMP and cGMP in frontal lob, hippcampus, midbrain and hypothalamus were measured in 1 and 3 hours after stress respectively Results:The concentration of cGMP in hippcampus and hypothalamus were significantly higher than that of control group at 1 hour after stress (P

Objective:To examine the effect of psychological and physiological stress on monoamine in extracellular fluid of hippocampus under simulated high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia.Methods:Psychological and physiological stress were made by the way of communication box.The hypoxia disposal was that the rats were put hypobaric chamber at a simulated altitude of 6000 meters for 24 hours.We compared the effect of stress in different sorts and intensity on the contents of norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in extracellular fluid of hippocampus.The extracellular fluid of hippocampus of rat was collected by push-pull perfusion;we determined the contents of monoamine in it by high performance liquid chromatography with electrichemical detection(HPLC-ECD).Results:(1)The simulated high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia reduced the content of NE in extracellular fluid of hippocampus(813.8?196.1/1209.2?282.0,P

Objective To study chromatography fingerprints of Zanthoxylum echinocarpum by HPLC.Methods Diamonsil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) was used with acetonitrile-water gradient elution,at flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength at 278 nm.Results HPLC was used to establish fingerprint chromatograph of water extraction from ten batches of Z.echinocarpum,which had been harvested from the same area in Zhangjiajie at the same time.The result showed that 11 peaks were common.Conclusion The method could be used for the quality control of Z.echinocarpum.

Objective To investigate the influence of tube voltage on image quality and radiation dosage to subjects in chest digital radiography (DR).Methods An adult chest phantom was exposed in the range of 80-130 kV with the interval of 10 kV and the automatic exposure control (AEC) setting was selected from-4 to 4.The entrance skin dose (ESD) of the phantom was measured,and the relative noise,contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the effective dose of each exposure was calculated.Results The ESD was (0.062 9 ±0.027 4) mGy,and the effective dose was (0.012 7 ±0.004 5) mSv.The effective dose increased linearly with the ESD,and there was a positive correlation (r =0.912,P ＜ 0.01).When the tube voltage was held constant,the relative noise decreased as the effective dose increased (r =-0.967,-0.969,-0.968,-0.969,-0.968,-0.970,P ＜ 0.01).The CNR increased with the effective dose increasing under the same tube voltage(r =0.987,0.987,0.986,0.987,0.988,0.989,P ＜0.01).The ESD and effective dose decreased as the kV values increased under the same AEC,and the degree of decrease could be up to 50％ and 20％.The relative noise decreased as the kV values increased under the same AEC,and the degree of decrease could be up to 23％.The CNR values increased up to 8％.Conclusions The use of higher kVp in chest digital radiography can reduce the radiation dose to some extent

This article is aimed to establish the method of quality standards for highland barley Monascus.Microscopic and TLC were adopted to identify Araliataibaiensis. Referring the relevant method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) for the determination of its moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash and extracts,lovastatin in acid and lactone form was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The characteristics of highland barley Monascus in microscopic and TLC were obvious and specific. The contents in barley red yeast are: water 6.04%-8.78%, total ash 2.15%-2.92%, acid insoluble ash 0.23%-0.29%, water extracts 27.99%-30.17%; alcohol extracts 14.12%-18.51%. The ranges of lovastatin in acid and lactone form are 0.11%-0.29% and 0.02%-0.08%, respectively. The established method is simple, accurate, reliable and duplicable, and can be used to control the quality of highland barley Monascus.