Objective To evaluate the viability of residual tumor after insufficient thermal ablation of rabbit VX2 liver tumor and investigated the efficacy of sorafenib as an adjuvant therapy.Methods Twenty-one rabbits were implanted with VX2 tumor to establish orthotopic liver tumor models.They were allocated randomly into 3 groups:control (n =7),ablation (n =7),and combination treatment (n =7).Microwave coagulation therapy was conducted with 20 W for 1 min and viable tumor tissue remained at the periphery.A laparotomy was performed in the control group.Sorafenib was given at 20 mg/kg/d during the following 10 days in the combination treatment group,and saline was given to the control and ablation group.Tumor volume was recorded before and after treatment,immunohistochemistry detected CD31 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression,and the micro-vessel density (MVD) and proliferation index (PI) were calculated accordingly.Results Ten days after insufficient ablation,tumor volume of the ablation group was larger than that of the control group (P ＜0.05).The MVD and PI of residual tumor were higher compared with those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).With adjuvant therapy of sorafenib after insufficient ablation,tumor volume showed a decrease on the 10th day compared with tumors undergoing insurfficient ablation alone (P ＜ 0.05).The MVD and PI of residual tumor were lower than those of the ablation group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Insufficient thermal ablation promotes residual tumor progression,but adjuvant therapy of sorafenib serves as an effective way to suppress the overgrowth and neovasculation of the residual tumor.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been playing an important role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is minimally invasive, easily repeatable and potentially curative. Many centers now accept it to be the best therapeutic choice for patients with early-stage HCC when liver transplantation or surgical resection is not suitable. In this article, we reviewed the indications, techniques , and clinical results of RFA in the treatment of HCC.Suitable patient selection, good pre-treatment planning,complete ablation, and careful post-treatment follow up are important. Techniques, such as artificial pleural effusion and ascites, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography-guided RFA,laparoscopic or open surgical approaches have reduced complications and expanded the indications for RFA.

The ubiquitin-like modifier bISG15 is an antiviral protein found in fetal bovine lung (FBL) cells.Bovine Herpesvirus 1(BHV-1),which is a viral pathogen of cattle,can infect FBL cells and induce cytopathic effects.Real-time PCR assays showed that BHV- 1 's infection could repress the basal or inducible transcription of bISG15 in FBL cells.It demonstrates that this repression effect depends on BHV-1 viral infection and new protein synthesis.Our previous work showed that bIRF-3 was the key factor in the stimulation of bISG 15 in FBL cells,so the effect of BHV-1 viral protein on bIRF-3 activating the promoter of bISG15 was confirmed.The luciferase assay showed the BHV-1 viral protein bICP0 inhibited the activation of bISG15 promoter stimulated by bIRF-3.Taken together,our work suggested that BHV-I had some molecular mechanism to resist the cellular bISG15'santiviral functions.

Objective To evaluate the value of virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ),which was combined with ultrasound Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS),for differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions.Methods Totally 190 patients with 214 breast lesions were enrolled in this study.All lesions were classified according to the BI-RADS for sonography.The maximum,minimum and mean shear wave velocity (SWV) values on VTIQ in the lesions were obtained.The SWV between benign and malignant lesions were analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were plotted to determine the cut off value of VTIQ for differential diagnosis of breast lesions. Results Pathology confirmed 166 benign lesions and 48 malignant lesions.The SWVmax,SWVmin,SWVmean of malignant lesions were significantly higher than those of benign lesions (all P<0.001).The SWVmean 3.67 m/s as the best value in the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the combination of the SWVmean and BI-RADS classification standard in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions were 77.6%,97.5%,92.7%,91.3%,respectively.Conclusions The combination of VTIQ and ultrasonic BI-RADS can improve the ability of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.

Objective To study the expression of BCL10 and associated chromosomal aberration in primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL). Methods Tissue specimens were collected from 17 patients with PCMZL. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BCL10. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to examine the presence of API2-MALT1 fusion gene and chromosomal aberration in BCL10, MALT1 as well as IgH genes in these cases. Results Of these patients,94.1% (16/17) expressed BCL10 protein. The cytoplasmic expression of BCL10 was observed in 64.7% (11/17) of the patients, and nuclear expression in 29.4% (5/17). As shown by FISH test, neither API2-MALT1 fusion gene nor chromosomal aberration in BCL10, MALT1 or IgH genes was present in these patients. Conclusions Compared with MALT lymphomas originating from tissues other than skin, PCMZL is uncommonly associated with chromosomal abnormalities; it is possible that there are unknown factors contributing to its tumorigenesis. Nuclear BCL10 is unrelated to the presence of chromosomal aberration in BCL10, MALT1 or IgH genes. Further follow-up is required to clarify the association between nucle ar BCL10 and poor prognosis of PCMZL.

Objective:To established a modified implanting model of VX2 liver tumor in rabbit on the base of the classic implanting method, and compared the results within the two methods. Methods:30 rabbits with the mean weight of (2.65?0.29)kg were divided randomly into two groups with 15 rabbits each. The rabbits in Group A received classic implantation for induction of the liver tumor model, and Group B were inducted by injecting a piece of tumor tissue into the left anterior lobes of liver. Implanting time of each group was recorded and compared, and spiral CT scan was performed at 8th day, 15th day, 22nd day, 29th day postoperatively. The manifestation of tumors in CT scan was observed and tumor volume was calculated simultaneously with formula V=1/2ab2 (a=the shortest diameter and b=the longest diameter).Each tumor was confirmed through pathology. Results:The implanting time of Group A and Group B were (9.47?2.85)min and (5.85?1.62)min, respectively, with significant difference between them. Besides, there was statistical difference of the achievement ratio between two groups, as it was 53.3% for Group A and 86.7% for Group B. No significant difference was found for the tumor growth between two groups. Conclusion:Modified implanting method for induction of the rabbit liver tumor model was superior to the classic implanting method.

Objective To discuss the utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the assessment of treatment efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with renal tumors.Methods Forty-seven patients (40 renal cell carcinomas and 7 angiomyolipomas of kidney) with 49 renal tumors were treated with RFA. Tumors were ablated by laparoscopy-assisted (n= 30) and open surgical (n= 17) RFA. The CEUS and contrast-enhanced CT were performed 1 week after treatment to assess the necrotic area. Technical success was defined as elimination of areas that enhanced at imaging within the entire tumor. Results Forty-seven (95. 9%) of 49 tumors were successfully ablated. The mean length of the major axis at the maximal necrotic area was 4. 6 cm. Compared with the lesions before RFA, the necrotic areas were bigger in 45 patients, identical in 3 patients, and smaller in 1 patient. Six lesions showed a residual enhancement at the portion adjacent to the normal renal parenchyma on follow-up CEUS, while 2 were confirmed by CT scans. The sensitivity and specificity of CEUS for detection of residual tumors were 100. 0% and 91.8%, respectively. All patients survived in the follow-up period ranging from 4 to 21 months. Conclusion CEUS combined with CT could be useful for evaluating treatment efficacy of RFA for renal tumors.

Objective To investigate virtual touch tissue imaging quantification shear wave elastography in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant breast lesions and the value of heterogeneity. Methods A total of 149 patients with 155 breast lesions by ultrasonography were selected from October 2016 to March 2017 in Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School. All patients were confirmed by surgical pathology. The breast lesions were first examined by conventional ultrasound and the conventional ultrasonography features were recorded. The lesions were classified by breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS). Then the shear wave velocity (SWV) values were measured under the virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ) speed mode. The SWV maximum, average were obtained and coefficient of variation was calculated. According to pathological results, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of SWV maximum, average and coefficient of variation in differentiating benign or malignant breast lesions were drawn. Results The surgical pathology confirmed that there were 48 malignant lesions and 107 benign lesions in 155 breast lesions. The SWV maximum, average and coefficient of variation in malignant lesions were all higher than those of benign lesions [(6.85±2.26) cm/s vs (3.95±1.54) cm/s, (4.74±1.36) cm/s vs (3.10±0.94) cm, (0.30±0.15) vs (0.17±0.10)], and the difference was all statistically significant (t=8.085, 7.583, 5.366, all P < 0.001). According to ROC curve, the areas under the curves of SWV maximum, average and coefficient of variation in differentiating benign or malignant breast lesions were 0.842, 0.826 and 0.759 and the cutoff values were 5.51 cm/s, 4.28 cm/s and 0.25 respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SWV maximum, average and coefficient of variation were 72.92%, 85.98% and 81.93%, 64.58%, 87.85% and 80.65%, 64.58%, 84.11% and 78.06%, respectively. And the combined diagnostic sensitivity of coefficient of variation with SWV maximum and SWV average were 81.25%. Conclusion VTIQ technology plays an important role in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant breast lesions and the value of heterogeneity.

OBJECTIVETo test whether splicing overlapping extension(SOE) method can be a tool for obtaining rare fusion gene's transcripts and to study the tumorigenic capacity of a novel fusion gene AML1-MTG16.

METHODSSOE method was used to obtain AML1- MTG16 fusion gene's transcripts. MTG16, AML1-MTG16 and AML1-MTG16 without III,VI conserved domains of MTG16 segment were inserted into pEGFP- C1,pDsRed-N1 vector respectively,then transfected NIH3T3 cell line by lipofection. Forty-eight hours later, the transfected cells were examined by laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Stable transfected cells were obtained by G418 500ug/ul selection for one month. Growth curve, soft agar colonies formation tumorigenesis in nude mice were done to compare the difference between stable transfected cells.

RESULTSRecombined AML1-MTG16 by SOE contained its CDS. NIH3T3 expressing AML1-MTG16 had a faster proliferation in medium, colony growth in soft agar. AML1-MTG16 expression cells also induced tumors formation following injection into nude mouse. MTG16,AML1-MTG16 and AML1-MTG16 without III,VI conserved domains of MTG16 were colocalized in the nucleus of cotransfected NIH3T3 cells under the examination of laser-scanning confocal microscope.

CONCLUSIONSOE is an effective method to get rare fusion gene's transcripts. AML1-MTG16 plays an important role in leukemogenesis. MTG16 may also have a carcinogenic property within the AML1-MTG16 fusion gene. Carcinogenic property of AML1-MTG16 is restricted to its localization in the nuclear matrix. N terminal of MTG16 may play an important part in the carcinogenic activity of AML1-MTG16.

3T3 Cells ; transplantation ; Animals ; Cell Division ; genetics ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; Cell Transplantation ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Luminescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; genetics ; pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in detection of synovial hyperplasia in wrist joint of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to explore the correlation with disease activity . Methods Thirty-nine RA patients with their wrist involved were examined by CEUS . The imaging features of synovitis were observed and the analysis of time intensity curve ( TIC ) was performed by contrast dynamic software . Some quantitative parameters were obtained from these fitting curves including basic intensity ( a0 ) ,increased intensity ( a1 ) ,descending slope ( a2 ) ,ascending slope ( a3 ) , timetopeak(TTP),peakintensity(PI),actualpeakintensity(PI-a0),arrivaltime(AT),andareaunder the curve ( AUC) . And the correlation between these parameters with clinical activity index was analyzed . Results 35 .9％ (14/39) synovitis showed a centripetal enhancement pattern supplied by ring-like or arc-shaped arterials peripherally while 64 .1％ (25/39) showed diffusely entire enhancement . All the lesions were heterogeneous enhanced ,87 .2％ (34/39) of which exhibited hyperenhancement . The detection rate of perfusion defects was 41 .0％ (16/39) . The disease activity in the diffuse enhancement group was higher than that in the centripetal enhancement group ( 4 .64 ± 1 .09 vs 3 .69 ± 0 .67 , P = 0 .005 ) . CEUS quantitative parameters a3 and ( PI-a0 ) were positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) ( r =0 .465 , P =0 .006 ;r =0 .325 , P =0 .043) ,however TTP had a negative relationship ( r = -0 .352 , P =0 .041) . Conclusions Active synovitis usually represents as a diffuse enhancement pattern . A higher a3 and PI ,and a shorter TTP indicate a higher disease activity . CEUS plays a great role in monitoring RA disease activity both from qualitative and quantitative aspect .