Patent ductus arteriosus( PDA) has high morbidity in new-borns. This disease tends to occur in premature,especially in the low-birth-weight infants. It can lead to severe complications including intracranial hemorrhage,respiratory distress syndrome,and chronic lung disease without treatment. Treatment for PDA usual-ly involves medications,operations,interventions and symptomatic treatment. This paper summarizes the progres-ses of the therapy of PDA in low-birth-weight premature infants.

Objective To establish a method for determination of imatinib mesylate liposome and related substances. Methods The liquid chromatography was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column. The mobile phase A consisted of methanol-octane sulfonate solution(42:58). The mobile phase B consisted of methanol-octane sulfonate solution(4:96). The flow rate of gradient elution was 1. 2 mL·min-1 . The detection wavelength was 268 nm. The column temperature was room temperature. Results The intermediates and degraded substances could be seperated under the selected chromatographic conditions. Imatinib mesylate showed a good linear relationship within 1-100μg·mL-1,r=0. 999 1(n=5). Conclusion The method is specific, accurate,sensitive,and simple,and can be used for quality control of imatinib mesylate liposome.

Objective:To investigate the effects of various bio-adhesive polymers on bio-adhesive characteristics and release rate of 5-fluorouracil HP-β-CD inclusion complex thermo-sensitive gels. Methods: Bio-adhesive polymer, such as hydroxypropylmethylcellu-lose ( HPMC) , sodium alginate ( SA) , sodium hyaluronat ( HA) ,carbopol and polycarbophil was respectively used to prepare the ther-mo-sensitive gels, and the bio-adhesive force was studied. The phosphate buffer (pH 7. 2) was used and the drug release characteris-tics were studied using dialysis technique. Results: The bio-adhesive force of the gels with 0. 2% polycarbophil was 32. 3 g·ml-1 , and the drug release time was prolonged to 8 h. There was no obvious difference in the dissolution among the gels with the various bio-adhesive polymers. Conclusion:Using 0. 2% polycarbophil as the bio-adhesive polymer, 5-fluorouracil HP-β-CD inclusion complex thermo-sensitive gels show good bio-adhesive force and prolonged drug release characteristics.

How does brain select and adjust the distributed neural activities to achieve its function? To address this problem,researchers introduce Granger causality analysis method to brain functional study,which deals with the estimation of causal influences among multi-variables.First,basic principles of Granger Causality and its improved algorithm structural vector autoregression (SVAR) are introduced.Then several technical problems are reviewed which should be noted when analyzing brain functional signals by Granger Causality Methods.In the end,the application foreground of Granger Causality in epilepsy localization is introduced by taking idiopathic generalized epilepsy as the example.

objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of mini-cancer of the stomach. Method In this study,out of 296 early gastric cancer cases there were 34 cases of early gastric cancer in which tumor diameter was≤10 mm,among those there were 5 cases with tumor size≤2 mm and 29 cases of the size 2～10 mm. Result Mini-cancer accunted for 2% of all early gastric cancers in this series:All these mini-cancers were of intramucosal cancer(100%),while that took up to 45%in control group in which tumors were between≥2 mm and≤10 mm:Tumors were high or moderately differentiated pathologically in 100%of mini-cancers and 55%in control group.None of mini-cancer patients had lymph node metastasis,however,1 of 29 patients in control group had lymph node metastasis.Both groups had no blood vessel and lymphatic vessel invasion:The differentiation concordance rate between superficial lesions and invasive fronts in mini-cancer was 100%,higher than 86%in control group. Conclusion Gastric mini-cancer is usually of high differentiation,low tumor invasion and low rate of lympy node metastasis than control group.Endoscopic therapy is applicable for most gastric mini-cancers.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for determining the contents of related substances in vinpocetine injections. Methods:The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of 0. 2 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate -acetonitrile (40∶60), the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, the detection wavelength was 280 nm,and the injection volume was 20μl. Results:Vinpocetine and the related substances such as ethyl vincaminate, apovincamine, methoxyvinpocetine and dihydrovinpocetine were separated completely. The calibration curves of related substances showed good linear-ity. The average recoveries of related substances were all above 99. 8%. Conclusion:The method is accurate, sensitive and specific, and can be applied in determining the related substances in vinpocetine injections.

Objective: To develop 5-FU multiple emulsion entrapped into thermo-sensitive gel (5-FU-DEG) and detect the ab-sorption and transportation in Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Methods:The 5-FU multiple emulsion was prepared by a two-step emulsif-ying method. Poloxamer 407 (P407) was used as the thermo-sensitive material and sodium alginate (SA) was used as the bioadhesive material for the preparation of 5-FU-DEG. Caco-2 cell monolayer model was used to investigate the transportation and absorption of 5-FU. Results:5-FU-DEG gelled at the ambient temperature and turned into liquid below 10℃ The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of 5-FU-DEG was 1.47 ±0.11 ×10 -5(cm·s-1), which was about 6 times higher than that of 5-FU water solution(2.39 ± 0.21 ×10 -6 cm·s-1)(P<0.01). The cellular uptake rate of 5-FU-DEG was (17.1 ±0.24) %, which was 3.9 times greater than that of 5-FU water solution (4. 41 ± 0. 23%)(P<0. 01). Conclusion:5-FU-DEG can efficiently enhance the transportation and ab-sorption of drug in rectal site by using micro-emulsion technology combined with thermo-sensitive technology, which can be an effective rectal delivery system for 5-FU to treat rectal cancer.

Objective To establish a mini-column centrifugation-HPLC method to determine the entrapment efficiency of levodopa-loaded PEGylated-solid lipid nanoparticles.Methods A dextran gel(Sephadex G-50) mini-column centrifugation was employed to separate the free drug from solid lipid nanoparticles.The content of levodopa was qualified by HPLC.Results Under the applied chromatographic condition,the excipients had no influence on the determination of levodopa.A calibrated linear of levodopa concentration was within 10.54-527.00 μg·mL-1.The recoveries of high,medium and low concentrations of levodopa were 99.13%,99.51% and 99.04%(RSD were 1.25%,1.91% and 1.71%), respectively.The free levodopa was well separated from solid lipid nanoparticles by using mini-column centrifugation.The addition of blank solid lipid nanoparticles recovery was 98.84% with RSD of 0.80%(n=3).The average adsorption rates of the three concentrations of free levodopa were 100.00%,98.75% and 98.56%(RSD were 0.00%,0.19% and 0.18%,n=3),respectively.The adsorption rate of the physical mixtures of three different concentrations of drugs and empty PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles were 99.68%,98.46% and 99.21%(RSD were 1.52%,0.23% and 0.21%),respectively.Conclusion The method was simple,accurate and reproducible,which can be used for determination of the entrapment efficiency of levodopa-loaded PEGylated-solid lipid nanoparticles.

Objective To explore the experience of emergency operation for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in neonates and to assess the therapeutic effect.Methods The clinical data of 31 PDA neonates(15 male,16 female) treated in our department from July 2012 to February 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.Of these cases,28 were preterm infants and 3 were full term infants.Mean gestational age was 30+4 weeks ranging from 26+2 to 39 +3 weeks.Mean birth weight and weight at operation was(1 159.0 ± 729.2) g and (1 522.0 ± 644.5) g,respectively.We operated with left transaxillary straight incision in 6 cases and posterolateral minimal incision in 25 cases,and the pleural cavity was entered via the 4th intercostal space.All the neonates were divided into ＜ 1 500 g group(n =24) and ＞ 1 500 g group(n =7) by weight,the clinical prognosis were analysized.Results All 31 operations were finished successfully.No deaths occurred as a result of surgery.Average time of operation was (62.7 ± 29.9) min.Mean time of mchanical ventilation after the operation among survivors was (5.5 ± 4.7) d.The time of mechanical ventilation between ＜ 1 500 g group and ＞ 1 500 g group were (7.2 ± 2.3) d and (4.9 ± 2.4) d respectively,and there was significant difference between two groups(P ＜ 0.001).The time of hospital stay were (45.3 ± 11.0) d and (20.4 ± 14.5) d respectively between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Twenty-eight cases recovered and released from the hospital successfully.Two cases quited the treatment themselves and 1 succumbed to death because of heart failure,hyperkalemia and arrhythmia.ConclusionEmergency surgical closure is a safe and effective method for the treatment of neonatal large PDA,especially with congestive heart failure,a variety of complications,long time ventilator dependence,medical treatment failure,which should be ligatured timely as it can have severe influence on the cardiopulmonary function.After ligation the abnormal shunt will disappear and the cardiopulmonary function will be better.It is helpful to extubate ventilators and improve the survival rates.

Objective To study the relationship between handgrip level and characteristics of surface electromyogram(sEMG)signal from forearm muscles.Methods Nine healthy volunteers were asked to do a specific grip test with three force levels of maximum volunteer contraction(MVC),80% MVC and 40% MVC.sEMG signal was recorded from flex digitorum superficial(FDS)and extensor carpi radialis longus(ECRL)simultaneously.The amplitude characteristics of sEMG signal were calculated by the means of root mean square(RMS)and wavelet analysis.Furthermore,to compare the relationship of sEMG and force level between different participants,SPSS was applied to analyze the relative value that was defined as the ratio between sEMG characteristics of MVC condition and that of different grip levels.Results There existed positive correlation between grip level and sEMG activity,stronger grip corresponded the greater sEMG characteristics for every participant,and this correlation revealed significant coherence between different volunteers.Conclusion There is significant correlation between grip force and forearm muscle activities represented as sEMG characteristics.The result suggests that sEMG can be used to predict grip force noninvasively for measuring motor function and assessing the motor function rehabilitation.