Objective To develop a new method to screen the potential microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in natural waters. Methods Cyanobacteria were cultured and waters samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction with special primers for gene of the operon mcyD which encodes a microcystin synthetase combining conserved gene 16S rRNA of alga, subsequently, whose microcystins were detected by ELISA. Results There was a unique amplified product of approximately 870 bp in microcystin-producing blue-green alga and water samples, but no target band in non-toxic strains and samples. Conclusion It is feasible to use the molecular biological method used mcyD as the microcystin molecular biomarker to screen microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in natural water.

Objective To investigate the impact of segment weight optimization(SWO) technique on the intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) plan for post-operative cervical cancer regarding the number of segments,monitor units (MU),the target homogeneity index (HI),conformal index (CI) and dose distribution of target volume and normal tissues.Methods Ten patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ cervical cancer after radical resection were randomly selected for this study.The initial IMRT treatment plans were generated using ELEKTA XIO 4.62 system based on the step and shoot method (S-IMRT plan).With the same directions of fields and optimization parameters,the SWO tool was introduced to optimize the IMRT plans further (SWO-IMRT plan).Then the number of segments and MU were compared between the S-IMRT plan and SWO-IMRT plan.By using the dose-volume histogram (DVH),the target homogeneity index (HI),conformal index (CI) and dose distribution in the volumes of target and normal tissues were also analyzed.Results Compared with S-IMRT plan,the average number of segments in SWO-IMRT plan was decreased from 96 ± 4 to 87 ± 4 (t =10.049,P ＜ 0.05),and MU was increased from(638.79±35.02)) cGy to (672.03 ±39.07) cGy (t =3.5952,P ＜0.05).The maximum and mean doses of the planning target volume (PTV) decreased (t =2.262,2.323,P ＜ 0.05).A reduction of the maximum dose in the spinal cord was also observed [from (3856.00 ± 112.14) cGy to (3750.00 ± 141.38) cGy,t =3.976,P ＜ 0.05].The values of V30,V40,V50 in bladders,rectal V30 and L-femoral V50 were reduced in the SWO-IMRTplan (t=4.223,5.801,7.534,2.451,2.269,3.976,P ＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in target homogeneity index(HI),conformal index (CI),rectal V40,V50,L-femoral V30,V40,V50,R-femoral V40 and V50.Conclusions The application of SWO technique in the IMRT planning for cervical post-operative cancer could reduce the total number of segments,doses in the spinal cord and bladder,but increase the total number of MU.As a result,the spinal cord and bladder toxicity can be reduced which enables an opportunity for dose escalation of gross tumor volume (GTV).SWO technique provides clinicians with an optional optimization solution in IMRT plan for post-operative cervical cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the role of Survivin on radiotherapy inducing apoptosis and the effect of Survivin antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ASODN)on the growth,apoptosis and radiotherapy sensitivity in Hep-2 cells.METHODS Survivin ASODN was synthesized and thansfected into hep-2 cells with lipofectin.The experiment consisted of three steps.①The efficiency of transfection was measured with flow cytometry technique.②The expression of survivin mRNA was observed with RT-PCR.③ Apoptosis and protein expression after radiotherapy was analyzed with flow cytometry.RESULTS ①Six hours after transfection of Survivin ASODN tagged with FITC into the cells,the efficiency of transfection was found to be 94% to 98% with flow cytometry.② Twenty four hours after transfection,Survivin mRNA was found decreased with the increasing of apoptosis,which presented a dose-dependent manner.③The apoptosis in the radiotherapy combined with Survivin ASODN transfected group was significantly higher than that in radiotherapy group only(P

To combine current situation and existing problem of sanitation equipment packaging in military area, perfect organization, special funds and package research of military special useful can be given. The high level of standardization, informationization and containerization of packaging has great significance that improves the ability to protection and pro-motes the development of sanitation equipment packaging on troops.

Objective To screen differentially expressed microRNAs at different stages of hair cycle in a murine model.Methods This study included 30 inbred female C57BL/6 mice (age,6-8 weeks; body weight,15-18 grams).Hair growth cycle was induced in the back skin of C57BL/6 mice by application of wax/rosin followed by depilation under anesthesia witl 1％ chloral hydrate.Three mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on day 0,8 and 20 after the induction,and skin tissue was achieved from the same depilated areas parallel to the spine.Total RNAs were extracted from the murine skin and subjected to microarray analysis of microRNA expression.Results Compared with telogen skin,the murine anagen skin showed a higher expression of miR-690,obselote-49 and miR-1308,but a lower expression of miR-291a-5p and miR-212.The expressions of miR-690,obselote-49 and miR-31 were significantly up-regulated,while those of miR-127-3p and miR-212 were downregulated in the catagen skin in comparison with the telogen skin.Conclusion Seven microRNAs are identified in this study to be differentially expressed in murine skin between different stages of hair cycle,which may provide a direction for future research.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the diagnosis and treatment of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) ,and review related literatures. Methods A total of six patients were first-ever diagnosed as MCD and treated with combination chemotherapy and/or interferon α. The clinical manifestation, laboratory findings and therapeutic strategies were recorded in detail. Results In the six HIV-negative patients, histologically, four of them were diagnosed with plasma cell type of Castleman's disease, two with mixed type. All the six patients showed multiple lymphadenopathy, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia. One of the two patients treated with interferon α achieved complete remission, and the other,who showed no effects with hormone and combination chemotherapy ,achieved sustained partial remission after treatment with interferon α for 3 months. Of the four patients treated with combination chemotherapy, three achieved partial remission, and one died of no effects. Conclusions Interferon α and combination chemotherapy might be the most effective and convenient therapeutic methods for MCD. Serum albumin level may be used as a diagnostic and monitoring index for MCD.

Purpose: Hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung disease in preterm infants. We aimed to explore the role of cell division cycle 2 (CDC2) on histopathologic changes of lung tissues, as well as the viability, apoptosis, and inflammation of lung cells in rats with hyperoxia-induced BPD. Materials and Methods: Hyperoxia-induced BPD in neonatal rats and hyperoxia-induced A549 cells were constructed. The mRNA expression of CDC2 was detected by qRT-PCR. The fibrosis score of lung tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The viability and apoptosis of A549 cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. The protein expressions of bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3 were measured by western blot. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in A549 cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pcDNA3.1-CDC2 was injected into rats to determine the role of CDC2 in hyperoxia-induced BPD in vivo. Results: The expression of CDC2 was decreased in lung tissues of neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced BPD and hyperoxia-induced A549 cells. The fibrosis score was increased in the lung tissues of neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced BPD. Overexpression of CDC2 increased the viability and protein expression of bcl-2; and inhibited the apoptosis, inflammation, and protein expression of bax and caspase-3 in hyperoxia-induced A549 cells. Up-regulation of CDC2 alleviated the histopathologic changes in lung tissues of neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced BPD. Conclusion Overexpression of CDC2 promoted the viability and inhibited the apoptosis and inflammation of hyperoxia-induced cells, and alleviated the histopathologic changes of lung tissues in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced BPD.

Objective To investigate the effects on pelvic pseudocyst,ovarian function and symptoms of peri-menopausal period in patients with benign uterine disease undergoing simultaneous hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy.Methods From Jan.2000 to Dec.2006,1193 patients with benign uterine disease underwent total or subtotal hysterectomy,they were followed up for 48 months,334 patients lost follow-up,the other 859 patients were divided into 2 groups,including 348 patients undergoing simultaneous hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy in study group and 511 patients undergoing only hysterectomy in control group.The occurrence of pelvic pseudocyst and symptoms of peri-menopausal period and the changes of serum sexual hormone were observed.Results ( 1 ) The rate of pelvic pseudocyst was 1.7％ (6/348) in study group,which was significantly lower than 4.3％ (22/511) in control group (P =0.036).(2) There was an increasing trend of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and a decreasing trend of estradiol ( E2 ) at range of 6 - 48 months after surgery.At 3 months after surgery,LH in study group was significantly higher than that in control group [ (13.9 ±2.2) U/L vs.(12.6 ± 2.5 ) U/L,P =0.032 ]; FSH in study group at 6 months and 12 months after surgery were ( 17.6 ± 2.2) U/L and (26.7 ± 5.0) U/L,which were significantly higher than ( 16.2 ± 2.8 ) U/L and (24.3 ±3.1) U/L in control group (P=0.035 and P =0.031).At 12 months after surgery,LH in study group of (24.1 ±3.0) U/L was significantly higher than (22.5 ± 1.8) U/L in control group (P =0.017).E2 in control group of (97 ±22) pmol/L was significantly lower than ( 109 ± 17) pmol/L in control group at 24 months after surgery ( P =0.028) ; FSH in study group was lower than that in control group at 48 months after surgery [ (34.9 ± 6.7 ) U/L vs.(38.0 ± 4.8 ) U/L,P =0.043 ].There were no significant differences of FSH,LH,and E2 between two groups at the other time points (P ＞ 0.05 ).(3) At 6 months after surgery,the rate of perimenopausl systems of 21.8％ (76/348) in study group was significantly higher than 15.9％ (81/511 ) in control group ( P =0.026).However,at 24 months after surgery,the rate of perimenopausal symptoms of 54.4％ (278/511) in control group was significantly higher than 47.1％ (164/348) in study group (P =0.036).ConclusionSimultaneous hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy could decrease the occurrence of pelvic pseudocyst,and had similar effects on ovarian function and peri-menopausal symptoms compared with only hysterectomy in patients with benign uterine diseases.

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) can bind to and specifically neutralize lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. In order to evaluate potent LPS-neutralizing activity of bovine BPI, the full-length coding sequence (1 449bp) or 714 bp N-terminal coding sequence (BPI714) of bovine BPI was transfected into mHEK293 cells and the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines was studied. First, we constructed the lentiviral expression vectors and generated mHEK293 cells stably expressing recombinant bovine BPI or BPI714. Then, we detected the expression of IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB-1 and NF-κB-2 genes by real-time PCR at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h post of LPS induction in cells with or without recombinant bovine BPI or BPI714 ectopic expression, respectively. In response to LPS, the robust abundance of inflammatory cytokines including IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB-2 was observed in wild type mHEK293 cells at eachtime point. On the contrary, mRNA abundance of IL-8, TNF-α and NF-κB-2 in transfected mHEK293 cells showed no significant changes at each indicated time point. Our results demonstrated that recombinant bovine full length BPI or BPI714 down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and revealed that either of bovine BPI or BPI714 was able to inhibit the immune respond stimulated by LPS. This study provides evidence for further investigating the mechanisms and application of BPI/LPS-neutralizing activity and also documents a reliable approach for analysis of the efficacy of antibacterial proteins.
Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; chemistry ; Blood Proteins ; chemistry ; Cattle ; Cytokines ; biosynthesis ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Interleukins ; biosynthesis ; Lipopolysaccharides ; chemistry ; NF-kappa B ; biosynthesis ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of micafungin in the treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in patients with acute leukemia.Methods A total of 133 IFI patients with acute leukemia received micafungin 150 mg once daily for 14 days.The clinical and mycological efficacies were evaluated on (7±2) days and(14±2) days of treatment.Meanwhile,the adverse events were recorded.The normally distributed data was compared using analysis of variance and nonnormal distributed data was analyzed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.Results Among 133 IFI patients with acute leukemia,116 finished the 14-day micafungin treatment.The total clinical efficacy was 94.8% and the total mycological efficacy was 75.0% at (14±2) days of treatment.The fungus eliminate rates were 82.9%,66.7% and 55.6% against Monilia,Aspergillus and others,respectively.The clinical and mycological efficacies of (14±2)-day treatment were both higher than those of (7±2)-day treatment(X2=6.060,34.416.both P<0.05).The clinical efficacy was not related with age,sex,IFI diagnose,types of leukemia and combinative drugs (X2=26.541,P<0.05).The incidence of drug-related adverse events of micafungin was 3%among 133 patients,which included skin rash in 3 eases, diarrhea in 1 case. Only one case was discontinued because of severe skin rash and micafungin was well tolerant in other patients. Conclusion Treatment of micafungin 150 mg daily for 14 days is effective and safe in IFI patients with acute leukemia.