BACKGROUND: Systematic family therapy focuses on the interaction,and group counseling contributes to the improving of interpersonal relationship. To introduce the ideas and techniques of systematic family therapy into school situations, which is necessary to the peer relationship improvement of disliked children in the class.OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of introducing the ideas and techniques of systematic family therapy into school situations with the aim of improving the peer relationship.DESIGN: Inequality experiment group and control group design.SETTING: Institute of Educational Sciences and Administration, Yunnan Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was carried out in Kunming No.l Primary School from September 2000 to April 2001. Two out of three ordinary classes in Grade Six were chosen to take part in the experiment at the school. Both classes were similar in performance, total number and composing. Class 3 of Grade 6 (n=46) was made experiment class randomly,and Class 1 of Grade 6 (n=41) was comparison class. Children of both classes were measured by the Social Distance Scale for Children at the same time, which was described in 5 grades. All children were required to evaluate their classmates by the list. The following 5 grades respectively scored 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 point: making best friend with him or her willingly,hope to be with him or her in the same class but not the best friend, being with him or her willingly but not many times or too long, he or her may be in our class but have no intercourse, hope him or her not to be in our class. The evaluation result was statistically analyzed, and the higher the mean score of child had, the more popular he was. Five male children who was the farthest from their peers in the experiment class were taken as the experiment group according to the score of Social Distance Scale for Children, who were 12-13 years old with a mean age of 12.7 years. Another 5male children in the other class were selected as the control group by the same way, who were 12-13 years old with a mean age of 12.5 years.METHODS: The idea of systematic family therapy was introduced into the experiment group, including 10 times of group counseling, which were carried out by games, role-playing, group discussion, brain-storming etc.The "everyday work" was assigned to the class as the techniques of systematic family therapy required, especially for children in the experiment group such as "keep secret progress account", and teachers and classmates were required to watch and note their members' progress secretly.While children in the control group and corresponding class were given no intervention measure. Children of both classes were tested by the Social Distance Scale for Children to evaluate the changes in peer relationship during and after the experiment respectively. And children in the experiment group were required to fill in the Group Activity Viewpoint Questionnaire.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison in score of Social Distance Scale for Children before, during and after the intervention, and the investigation on viewpoint about group activity in the experiment group.RESULTS: A total of 10 children in both groups were involved in the analysis of results. There was no significant difference between children of the two groups in social distance before intervention and during it(t=0.232,1.089, P ＞ 0.05). It cotld be Iearnt from the experiment after test that the score in children of the experiment group was remarkably higher than that of the control group (t=3.169, P ＜ 0.05). The effect of group activity on children in the experiment group was remarkably clear and excellent.CONCLUSION: It is effect and feasible to introduce the idea and techniques of systematic family therapy into school situations, aiming at improving the peer relationship of children.

Objective To study the color doppler image characteristics of thyroid arteries pre and post interventional procedure and to assess the clinical efficacy in Gnaves' disease.Methods 11 from 31 patients diagnosed as Graves' disease undertaken thyroid arteries embolization, were analyzed. Color Doppler sonography was applied to monitor the pre and post procedure thyroid size and diameters of thyroid arteries. Power Doppler was used to detect the Vmax, Vmin, RI and blood flow. Results After thyroid arteries embolization, the size and vascularity of thyroids were reduced. The thyroid arteries showed shrinkage and stoppage blood flow at the embolized site. The changes of RI, blood parameters of Vmax, Vmin and diameters of the thyroid arteries pre and post procedure turned out to be statistically significant for clinical restriction.Conclusion The color Doppler sonography plays an important role for preoperative diagnosis and predicting the prognosis.

This study was aimed to optimize the vacuumextraction technology of alkaloids fromSophora alopecuroides. The orthogonal test and comprehensive evaluation were used to optimize the vacuumextraction technology. Contents of total alkali and oxymatrinewere used as index components for optimizing the effect of three factors, which were the adding amount of water, extraction time, and extraction frequency. Comparison was made among optimal conventional extraction process, decoction extraction and vacuumextraction. The results showed that the optimum extraction process was to add 12 times amount of water, and to extract for 3 times under the temperature of 60℃, 1h for each time. It was concluded that the optimized extraction vacuum technologyof alkaloids fromS. alopecuroidsdecompression total alkali content and oxymatrine process was better than that of optimal conventional extraction process and decoction extraction. The vacuumextraction technology was stable and practical.

Objective To test the clinical effects of the expiration control device with mask in the treat-ment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This device developed by the author. Methods A total of 102 pa-tients were treated by the device. Among them ,50 patients received positive end-expiratory pressure and 52 with expiratory flow retard and blocked function. Differences in carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2),oxygen partial pressure(PaO2)and pH of the arterial blood gas analysis were compared ,as well as differences in forced vital ca-pacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume for1 sec(FEV1),tidal volume(VT)of pulmonary function before and af-ter treatment. Results (1) In the positive end-expiratory pressure group ,there were significant differences of FVC,FEV1 and VT before and after treatment(2.95 ± 0.32)L vs(3.22 ± 0.35)L,(1.88 ± 0.17)L vs(2.00 ± 0.15)L,(335.28 ± 43.59)mL vs(364.64 ± 44.28)mL,(P<0.01)differences of PaCO2,PaO2 and pH before and after treatment had statistical significance(50.42 ± 4.77)mmHg vs(48.42 ± 3.76)mmHg,(65.42 ± 4.60)mmHg vs (68.50 ± 4.69)mmHg,(7.35 ± 0.030)vs(7.37 ± 0.037)(P<0.05).(2)In the expiratory flow retard and blocked group,differences of FVC,FEV1andVT before and after treatment had statistical significance(2.93 ± 0.22)L vs (3.10 ± 0.27)L,(1.83 ± 0.14)L vs(1.91 ± 0.16)L,(335.48 ± 44.16)mL vs(362.46 ± 38.66)mL(P<0.05), differences of PaCO2,PaO2 and pH before and after treatment had statistical significance(52.39 ± 3.37)mmHg vs (50.06 ± 3.92)mmHg,(68.05 ± 3.80)mmHg vs(68.99 ± 4.57)mmHg,(7.34 ± 0.035)vs(7.37 ± 0.036)(P<0.05). Conclusion This device can improve the ventilation function in patients with COPD. It is easy to use ,safe and effective,with high clinical application value.

Objectives:To investigate the method of generating recombinant adenovirus vector containing human p16(Ad-p16) efficiently.　Methods:Recombinant adenovirus vector was generated with HEK 293 cells, and the titer of the adenovirus was detected.　Results:The titer of generated adenovirus is about 5×108 PFU/ml.　Conclusions:Recombinant adenovirus vector was generated with HEK 293 cells with high titer. This set the foundation of adenovirus mediated gene-transfer.

Objective To explore the mid to long term therapeutic efficacy of Graves′ disease after interventional embolization. Methods Twenty five patients of Graves′ disease treated with interventional embolization were followed up for 24-57 months. T 3 and T 4 were monitored at pre operation, six months, 12 months, 2, 3, and 4 years after operation, respectively. Other references included pulse, thyroid size, and vessel′s murmur. Results Twenty two patients completely relieved from the hyperthyroidism during the follow up. Only one patient suffered from recurrence. Other two patients were still on maintaining dosage of antithyroid drug therapy. No hypothyroidism or hypoparathyroidism was found during this term. Conclusion Mid to long term follow up showed satisfactory efficacy of interventional therapy, offering another alternative for treatment of refractory Graves′ disease.

BACKGROUND: By now, safety of collagenase application is still controvertible and some scholars believed that collagenase might induce the peripheral tissue injury. It attracts much attention in clinic that whether there is nerve injury induced by collagenase chemonucleolysis (CCN) around the injection sites.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of collagenase on spinal nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of rats detected with evoked potential method so as to probe into the safetyof collagenase application and further demonstrate the safety of percutaneous intervertebral disc CCN. DESIGN: Randomly grouping design, animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated First Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Basic Medical College of Sun Yat-son University from July to September 2002. A total of 57 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=9), acute sham-operation group (n=10), subacute sham-operation group (n=8), chronic sham-operation group (n=7), acute experimental model group (n=9), subacute experimental model group (n=7) and chronic experimental model group (n=7). METHODS: After being anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of continal (45 mg/kg) to separate and identify dorsal root ganglion (DRG),rats in the experimental group were locally dripped with 1 mL of collagenase (300 U/ML) and those in the sham operation group locally dripped with 1 mL of normal saline. Stimulating electrode was placed in the A point of sciatic nerve and recording electrode in the B point of ganglionic central process segment of DRG in L5 nerve root. Evoked potentials A and B were simulated to continuously record latency twice, and the average value was calculated; Distance between A and B were measured and recorded. NCV = distance between A and B / latency. Evoked potential of a segment ofnerve including DRG was measured in the acute group at one hour after administration, in the sub acute group at one week after administration and in the chronic group at one month after administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: NCV of each group. RESULTS: A total of 57 enrolled animals were involved in the analysis. NCV in normal group, acute experimental group, acute sham-operation group, subacute experimental group, subacute sham-operation group, chronic experimental group, chronic sham-operation group were (45.4±10.7), (43.4±5.9), (46.3±6.5), (52.4±10.4), (49.7±8.1), (46.7±11.0) and (44.6±6.5) m/s respectively. There were no remarkable differences in NCV among all the groups by using one-way analysis of variance (F=1.010,P=0.430); It was showed that there were no marked differences in NCV between each two groups by using multiple comparisons (P=0.336). CONCLUSION: Collagenase at the therapeutic concentration applied in clinical CCN has no remarkable effects on NCV of rat spinal nerve, and to a certain extent, percutaneous intervertebral disc CCN is relatively reliable.

In recent years, animal experiments and clinical trials have confirmed that Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix has outstanding medicinal value of cancer prevention in the aspects of inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and regulation of immune. It also has been reported that monomeric compounds with function of anti-tumor activity have been separated. This article reviewed anti-cancer effects of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix from five angles, which were anti-cancer active ingredient, anti-cancer mechanisms, clinical application, the effects of different processed products on anti-cancer effects and side effects.

The genus Xestospongia is one of the most widespread genera of sponges, containing abundant secondary metatolites with novel structures and potent bioactivities. The main structure types of secondary metatolites found in this genus are alkaloids, quinines, terpens, steroids, lipids, polyketones, etc. These metatolites exhibit a variety of bioactivities, such as cytotoxic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. This paper reviews the progress in the chemistry and pharmacological activities of the second metabolities from sponges of Xestospongia, especially for recent five years, with the aim for further research.

OBJECTIVETo compare the contents of flavonoids in axial root and lateral root of Scutellaria baicalensis, and study their correlation.

METHODThe contents of 5 major flavonoids, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A, were determined in axial root and lateral root of S. baicalensis by HPLC. The correlation and regression analysis between the contents of flavonoids in the lateral root and whole root was carried out.

RESULTThe contents of baicalin and wogonoside showed no significant difference among upper part and lower part of the axial root, lateral root and whole part of the root. The contents of baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A showed a significant difference between upper part and lower part of the axial root. There was only the content of wogonin existing significant difference between lateral root and whole part of the root. The results of the correlation and regression analysis indicated that the contents of flavonoids in the lateral root and whole root were significant positively correlated, the coefficient of determination for all components were quite higher, except for wogonin.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of flavonoids are uniformly distributed in axial and lateral root of S. baicalensis. The contents of flavonoids in lateral root could be used to estimate the content of the whole root. The result could be useful for breeding and preserving excellent germplasm at the system breed process for S. baicalensis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Regression Analysis ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry