Firstly, the essay introduces the definition of bio-burden, the significance of determination of bio-burden and the specific performance requirements. Then, the essay introduces the method selection and validation on the bio-burden determination of surgical drapes, gowns and clean air suits.
Equipment Contamination ; Surgical Attire ; microbiology ; standards ; Surgical Drapes ; microbiology ; standards

Objective To study DNA damage induced by chlorinated drinking water by-product MX.Methods Hu-man hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2cells was selected as target cells to test the DNA damage induced by MX using single cell gel electrophoresis assay.In this study,the cells were treated with MX at final concentrations of10,30,100and300?mol/L.DMSO and hydrogen peroxide were administered as solvent control and positive control respectively.Results MX induced DNA single strand breaks at the concentrations of30,100and300?mol/L.The length of DNA migration induced by MX increased significantly in comparison with the solvent control(DMSO)in a dose-response manner.Conclusions Chlorinated by-product MX in drinking water could induce obvious DNA damage to human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2cells.

Objective To study the changes of platelet function in patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP). Methods Forty non-pregnant women, 40 normal late pregnant women and 50 women with HDCP were in cluded in this study. Platelet count were determined by cell-DYN, the platelet alphagranule membrane protein (GMP-140) by radio-immunoassay and thrombosis bla smixgenz (TXB_2) and ?tissue platelet protein (?-tg) by ELISA. Platelet aggregation rate (Pagt) and pletelet adhesion rate (PADT) were also measured. Results The platelet count in non-pregnant, late pregnant and HDCP group were (206?48)?109/L, (204?52)?109/L and (172?51)?109/L, respectively, and that in the HDCP group was significantly lower than the other two. The levels of GMP-140, TXB_2, ?-TG, PAdT and PAgT were (7.9?2.8) ?g/L, (73.6?40.8) ng/L, (16.3?9.5) ?g/L, (18?9)% and (28?10)% in the non-pregnant group, (12.2?3.8) ?g/L, (80.0?39.6) ?g/L, (18.5?9.8) ?g/L, (20?8)% and (29?10)% in the late pregnant group and (25.1?3.8) ?g/L, (107.6?32.8) ng/L, (23.9?9.2) ?g/L, (30?10)% and (40?12)% in the HDCP group. All the above values in the HDCP group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P

Objective Appraising the clinical curative effect on the lower extremity serious deep venous thrombosis through thrombolytic arterial catheterization.Methods With Seldinger's technique, placing catheter into popliteal artery through the contralateral healthy side femaral artery and then dripping the thrombolitic agents into the thrombotic popliteal artery. Results The cure rate reached 87% in the treatment group and for the controll group was 30%,( P

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of paroxetine for epileptic patients following depression. Methods 156 epileptic patients were recruited. Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item Depression scale (PHQ-9) then the Hamilton Scale for Depression (HAMD)were the assessment tools. 31 patients, whose score of PHQ-9 more than 15 and HAMD more than 20 were selected. The monthly seizure frequency and depression severity were investigated before and 12 weeks after treatment with paroxetine, 20 mg/d. The side effects of paroxetine were also observed. Results 29 patients completed the observation. The total scores of the HAMD decreased 12 weeks after treatment (P<0.05). Dizziness was the most common adverse event during the first month of treatment. No seizure worsening was observed. Monthly seizure frequency did not change significantly. Conclusion Paroxetine is a safe and effective antidepressant for epileptic patients following depression.

Objective To assess the value of magnetic source imaging (MSI) in localizing the linguistic center of auditory function of epileptic patients before operation. Methods Epileptic focus and the linguistic center of auditory function in 24 patients were localized with MSI before operation. And the relationship between epileptic focus and auditory language area was observed. Results The linguistic center of auditory function was localized in left temporal lobe in 14 patients, in right temporal lobe in 5 patients and in bilaterial temporal lobe in 5 patients. Epileptic focus was localized in left temporal lobe in 14 patients, in left temporal lobe and left parietal lobe in 1 patient, in right temporal lobe in 4 patients, in right temporal lobe and parietal lobe in 1 patient, in left frontal lobe and left temporal lobe in 1 patient, in right frontal lobe, right temporal lobe and parietal lobe in 1 patient, and in bilaterial temporal lobe in 2 patients. Epileptic focus was superimposed with the linguistic center of auditory function in 10 patients, while was not superimposed with the linguistic center of auditory function in 10 patients. The epileptic focus was localized in front of the linguistic center of auditory function in 3 patients, in behind of the linguistic center of auditory function in 1 patient. The lesion of the patient suffered from dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor was not excised completely because the epileptic focus was superimposed with the linguistic center of auditory function, and the patient appeared language functional disturbance after operation in short period, remaining auditory hallucination occasionally after operation. Conclusion Epileptic focus and the linguistic center of auditory function can be localized accurately and the relationship between them can be observed clearly with MSI. MSI is useful to reduce the occurrence of language disturbance after operation.

Objective To research the pyrazinamide drug susceptibility of Mycohacterium tuberculosis,and provide reference for clinical medication and prevention.Methods Bactec MGIT 960 system was used to test the resistance of isoniazid,rifam picin,ethambutol,streptomycin and pyrazinamide for 153 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Results Of 153 Mycobacterium tuberculosis,34 were resistant to PZA,and the resistant rate was 22.2 ％.There was no PZA single drug resistance.A mong patients with and without INH resistance,RFP resistance,EMB resistance and Sm resistance,the proportions of PZA resistance were respectively 40.5 ％ (34/84) vs 0％(0/69),47.5％(29/61) vs 5.4％(5/92),75％(6/8) vs 19.3％(28/145),53.1％ (26/49) vs 7.7％ (8/104).Among the 54 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains 53.7％ were resistant to PZA,which was significantly higher than 5.1 ％ (5/99) among the nonMDR-TB strains (x2 =47.854,P＜0.05).In multivariate logistic analysis,resistance to Sm (OR=0.270,95％CI:0.091～0.802) and MDR-TB (OR=0.281,95％CI:0.087～0.911) were risk factors to PZA resistance.Conclusion The PZA resistance rate among MDR-TB isolates was high.PZA resistance would be associated with SM resistance and MDR-TB.The drug susceptibility test for PZA is very important to MDR-TB patients.

Objective: Through treatment based on differentiation of symptoms and signs and classification of defi nited patients of maternofetal blood group incompatibility, detecting anti-A or Anti-B antibody and erythrocyte immune complex chaplet rate(RICR) and erythrocyte receptor chaplet rate(RC3bR) , etc, to observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of prescriptions mainly with Yinchenhao Decoction. Methods: Patients definited maternofetal blood group incompatibility were divided into control group and observation group according to random principle in 1:3 ratio. Then, observation group was divided into moist heat group(SRG), moist heat and defi ciency of spleen qi group (SR+PQXG) and moist heat and defi ciency of kidney qi group(SR+SQXG) according to syndrome differentiation. Corresponding prescriptions were used, every 30 doses 1 course. Before and after treatment, the anti-A or anti-B antibody and RICR, RC3bR were detected in peripheral blood. Results: In Yinchenhao Decoction group with 21 cases, the anti-A or anti anti-B antibody decreased, including 5 case (1:64) and 4 case (1:32). In group of syndrome differentiation with 63 cases, the anti-A or anti anti-B antibody decreased, including 33 case(1:64) and 20 case (1:32). Before and after treatment, RICR of control group and observation group were(19.43?5.29), (19.57?6.50)and (20.59? 7.96), (23.77?5.12), respectively. RC3bR were(11.62?4.16), (12.42?6.60)and(11.93?4.10), (13.96?6.40)respectively. There was signifi cant difference of before and after treatment in obserbation group(P0.05). Conclusion: In cutting down anti-A and anti-B antibody, and increasing RICR and RC3bR fi eld, the observation groups were better than control group.

AIM:To elucidate the correlation between the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1)/ATP-binding cassette subfaminly G member 2 ( ABCG2 ) and microvessel density ( MVD ) in epithelial ovarian cancer ( EOC) .METHODS:In 198 specimens of EOC and 60 specimens of ovarian benign epithelial tumor tissues , the protein expression of ALDH1/ABCG2 and CD105 ( microvessel marker ) was detected by immunohistochemical staining .RE-SULTS:The positive rates of ALDH1 and ABCG2 in the EOC were 64.1%and 61.6%, respectively , while the positive rates in benign epithelial tumor tissues were 8.3%and 6.7%, respectively , and there were significant differences between them (P<0.05).In EOC and benign epithelial tumor tissues , the MVD were 22.6 ±9.7 and 5.03 ±3.35, respectively, and the difference was also significant (P<0.05).The expression of ALDH1 and ABCG2 in EOC was significantly related to differentiation, FIGO stage,and abdominal organ and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).MVD had correlation with dif-ferentiation, FIGO stage, ascite, and abdominal organ and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).MVD had positive correla-tion with the expression of ALDH1 and ABCG2 (P<0.01).There was also a positive correlation between the expression of ALDH1 and ABCG2 ( P<0.01) .Over-expression of ALDH1/ABCG2 and MVD≥23 were related to the poor prognosis . The survival rates in ALDH1/ABCG2 positive and MVD≥23 groups were significantly lower than those in ALDH 1/ABCG2 negative and MVD<23 groups (P<0.05).The FIGO stage, the expression of ALDH1/ABCG2 and MVD were indepen-dent prognosis factors of EOC ( P<0.05 ) .CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the expression of ALDH 1/ABCG2 and MVD in EOC are related to differentiation , lymph node metastasis , clinical stage and prognosis .Combined detection of these indexes may play an important role in predicting the progression and prognosis of EOC .

Objective:To investigate the effect and the mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA)on corpus striatum white matter injury in rats with focal cerebral ischemia(FCI).Methods:Forty-four specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal group(n=10),a sham-operation group(sham group,n=10),and a modeling group(n=24)using the random number table method.The normal group was a blank control.In the sham group,only the vessels and vagus nerve were isolated without embolization.The FCI rat model in the modeling group was replicated using the middle cerebral artery occlusion embolization method.The 20 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group and an EA group,with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the model group did not receive further treatment.Rats in the EA group received EA stimulation at Baihui(GV20)and the left Zusanli(ST36)24 h after the successful modeling,30 min each time,once a day for 14 d.On the 14th day of the experiment,rats in each group were scored for neurological deficits and then sacrificed,and brain tissues containing corpus striatum around the ischemic focus were paraffin-embedded from 5 rats in each group.Luxol fast blue(LFB)staining was used to detect damage changes in the white matter.The positive immunoreactive expression of myelin basic protein(MBP),myelin-associated growth inhibitor A(Nogo-A)and its receptor(NgR)in rat corpus striatum tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry staining,and then the protein expression of MBP,Nogo-A,and NgR in the corpus striatum tissue around the ischemic focus was determined by Western blotting.Results:Compared with the normal group and the sham group,the model group had a significantly higher neurological deficit score(P＜0.05)and fiber bundle injuries in the corpus striatum white matter,evidenced by a significantly lower mean optical density value of corpus striatum LFB staining(P＜0.05),a significantly lower MBP expression level(P＜0.05),and significantly higher Nogo-A and NgR protein expression levels(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the neurological deficit score was significantly lower(P＜0.05),the mean optical density value of LFB staining was significantly higher(P＜0.05),the MBP expression level was increased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of Nogo-A and NgR proteins were decreased(P＜0.05)in the EA group.Conclusion:EA reduces the ischemia-induced corpus striatum white matter injury and improves neurological deficits.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Nogo-A/NgR activation.