Objective: To establish a new method and limit of detection for Flavonoids content in Fructus Crataegi. Methods: Flavonoids in Fructus Crataegi in 10 regions was determined by colorimetry. Results: Content of Flavonoids in samples selected from 10 regions ranged 0.84%～3.62%. Content of hyperoside by colorimetry is correlative to that by HPLC. Conclusion: The method is simple, quick and reproducible. Flavonoid content in Fructus Crataegi was designed no less than 1.0%, extraction must be performed under 60?C and dried to constant weight for 6 hours.

Objective To study the state of doctors' psychological capital in public hospitals,and to analyze the characteristics of such capital,so as to better leverage the capital as a hospital management tool.Methods A quantitative and qualitative research was made on the state of doctors＇ psychological capital.Results The doctors' task-oriented psychological capital scored 4.25,and guanxi-oriented psychological capital 4.41; “modesty and prudence”scored the highest in all dimensions of the doctors' psychological capital,“optimism and hope”lowest; the doctors with different genders,ages,seniority,and monthly average income have a difference in psychological capital.However,no significant difference was found with varying titles,hospital levels,and employment models.Conclusion The doctors were found with a strong psychological capital to cope with stress.Better psychological capital will raise quality of care in practice.

Recently, more systemic reviews and randomized controlled trials were published to prove the effectiveness of TCM,and some of those were included by Cochrane Library. But due to the potential selective reporting bias and publication bias, few trials were included in the meta analysis, which failed to prove the evidence for the TCM treatment. The difference of reported outcomes comes to the big problem of the comparison between interventions. Such problem of difference was gradually brought to the attention. Therefore, Core Outcome Sets(COS), which stands for that the minimum standardized outcome set that must be repoted, may be the solusion to that problem. In this research we've introduced the formation and development of core outcome sets in TCM.

Objective To analyze influencing factors of physicians' turnover intention at public county hospitals from career stage perspective.Methods Physicians career life was divided into three stages according to professional ranks and titles.The sample was drawn using stratified multistage random methods from public county hospitals in Shandong province and 677 questionnaires were completed,giving a 90.3％ valid response rate.Data were analyzed using multi-group stepwise linear regression.Results The percentage of responders with middle and high-level turnover intention was 23.0％and 6.5％ respectively,and there was no statistically significant difference in turnover intention across three stage subgroups.In physicians at stage 1,the most important factors to predict turnover intention were superiors ' appreciation (r =-0.22,P ＜ 0.05) and payment rationality (r =-0.21,P＜0.05),while in physicians at stage 2,the most important predicting factors were autonomy (r=-0.39,P＜0.05)and learning demand(r=-0.22,P＜0.05),and in physicians at stage 3 were career development(r=-0.31,P＜0.05)and autonomy(r=-0.21,P＜0.05).Conclusion Autonomy and workload are common factors of turnover intention with different predicting power across three career stages.Physicians adjust their career needs to self-actualization with development of career stage,so welltargeted incentives should be taken to stabilize the medical staff of public county hospitals.

Objective To investigate the influence of Smac to the chemosensitivity of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and doxorubicin (DOX) in MCF-7 cells.Methods MCF-7 cells were exposed to CTX,DOX and the combination of both.3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazoly)-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to estimate the cell viability.Apoptosis was measured by acridine orange staining and Ho.33342/PI dou-ble staining.The mRNA and protein expressions of Smac were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting.The study also analyzed the changes of pro-apoptotic proteins active caspase-3 and active caspase-9.Results CTX,DOX and the combination of both drugs reduced the cell survival rates in a concentration-dependent manner.The cell viability after being treated with 4.0 μg/ml CTX or 0.2 μg/ml DOX or 2.0 μg/ml CTX and 0.1 μg/ml DOX for 48 hours was (52.90 ± 8.78) ％,(53.35 ± 6.29) ％ and (34.19 ± 5.43) ％,respectively.The drug combination developed a stronger inhibitory effect compared to the single drugs (t =9.051,P=0.014;t =9.074,P =0.014).The Smac mRNA and protein levels in 2.0 μg/ml CTX and 0.1 μg/ml DOX group were 7.47 ± 0.82 and 4.13 ± 0.36,which were higher than those in 4.0 μg/ml CTX group (3.27 ± 0.40 and 2.28 ± 0.27;t =-50.120,P =0.000;t =-42.588,P =0.000) and 0.2 μg/ml DOXgroup (3.34±0.62and2.45±0.40;t=-46.233,P=0.000;t=-39.541,P=0.000).Furthermore,pro-apoptotic proteins active caspase-3 and active caspase-9 increased activity was confirmed by Western blotting.Conclusion Smac plays a vital role in enhancing the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs CTX and DOX in MCF-7 cell line.

The paper analyzed legally the following predicaments of legitimization of rural doctors in China:no legitimacy protection for their practice,vague criteria for practicing medicine,conflicts between legal regulations for medical practice and rural realities,and lack of a liability insurance system.The authors,based on an exploration of the legislative framework for rural doctors,made four corresponding legislative proposals as follows:to clearly define the legal scope and identity of rural doctors,to establish a qualification and employment system for rural doctors,to develop practicing norms applicable for rural doctors,and to set standards for their income.

Objective To analyze the correlation factors that promote or impede the residents to preferentially use essential medicines.Methods Adopting stratified random sampling method,1 700 households selected from 5 cities of Shandong province were investigated with a questionnaire.The framework of Andersen behavior model of health service utilization was used as the framework,with such methods as descriptive analysis and univariate logistic regression models for the analysis and evaluation of relevant information.Results The residents′ tendency factor,ability factor and environmental factor influence their preference to use essential medicines,while the requirement factor plays a minimal role.There was a significant difference for the preference of combined medication,first visit preference and self-medication experience,the efficacy and policy response of essential medicine from logistic regression analysis.Conclusion At present,the government should focus on the construction of the formation mechanism of the residents′drug use behavior and the policy response mechanism of essential medicine system.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of perceived trust and occupational risk on job burnout of physicians.MethodsA multi-step random sample of 1910 physicians from medical organizations in Jinan,Weifang and Dezhou was selected and assessed with Perceived Trust Scale,Occupational Risk Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory.ResultsPublic trust could significantly positively predict cynicism,negatively predict reduced professional efficacy ( β =0.10,-0.10; P ＜0.01 ),Patient's trust could significantly negatively predict exhaustion,cynicism and reduced professional efficacy ( β =-0.14,-0.20,-0.22; P ＜ 0.01 ).Regulator's trust could significantly negatively predict exhaustion,cynicism,and reduced professional efficacy(β=-0.12,-0.08,-0.12;P＜0.05 ).Occupational risk could significantly positively predict exhaustion and cynicism(β=0.30,0.13; P ＜0.01 ).Perceived social trust and occupational risk could together explain 22％ of exhaustion,7％ of cynicism and 13％ of reduced professional efficacy.ConclusionPerceived trust and occupational risk have significant predictive effects on dimensions of job burnout.

0.05).Conclusion Tripterygium wilfordii,combined with routine treatment,appeared to decrease 24-hour proteinuria in a certain extent and did not adversely affect liver function,renal function and the blood routine test in most patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To learn the organizational management competency of state-owned hospitals and their weakness, providing references for decision makers. Methods In the principle of stratified random sampling, 5 677 doctors in hospitals of different grades from 12 cities in Shandong Province, Hubei Province, Hebei Province and Inner Mongolia were investigated with questionnaires. Factor analysis is applied to extract factors. With results of this factor analysis, an evaluation model was built, followed by a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on the management competency. Results The total satisfaction score on the organizational management by the doctors investigated is 3. 25, and those for system building and leadership behavior are respectively 2.88 and 3.20. Conclusions Organizational management of the public hospitals needs improving, especially development of hospital management systems and implementation.