Objective To explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on behaviors and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein expression in chronic stress depression model rats and the possible antidepressant mechanism of rTMS. Method Seventy-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the blank control group (n=15) and the stress-induced group (n=60). Singly housing and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) were used to induce the depression model in stress-induced group. Forty-five CUMS rats were selected and ran?domly divided into rTMS group (receiving 10 Hz rTMS intervention for 3 weeks), sham group (receiving pseudo rTMS treatments for 3 weeks) and depression group (with no further treatment). Body weight measurements and performance in the sucrose consumption and forced swimming test (FST) were evaluated before modeling, after modeling and after inter?vention. The GR protein and GR mRNA expression level in the hippocampus were examined after intervention. Results Compared with control group, the body weight growth rate and the sugar water preference were significantly lower in stress-induced group (P<0.01), and the immobility time of FST was significantly longer (P<0.01). After the 3-week rTMS intervention, the body weight growth rate and the sugar water preference in rTMS group, which were insignificantly differ?ent from control group (P>0.05), were higher than those in sham group and depression group (P<0.01). The immobility times of FST in rTMS group and control group were shorter than sham group and depression group (P<0.01). Compared with rTMS group and control group, GR and GR mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus were significantly reduced in sham group and depression group (P<0.01). Conclusion rTMS can improve depression behavior of CUMS rats, which may be associated with upregulation of GR expression in the hippocampus.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of serum S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels and their clinical significance in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP).Methods By means of enzyme-linked immunno-sorbent assay (ELISA),the serum S100B and GFAP levels from 33 DEACMP patients were assayed,and the condition changes were analyzed with three types of scale:the activity of daily living scale ( ADL),information-memory-concentration test (IMCT) and Hasegawa' s dementia scale(HDS).The comparison with 32 patients of acute carbon monoxide poisoning without DEACMP was also conducted.Results (1) The serum S100B( (0.60 ±0.21)ng/ml) and GFAP( (226.58 ±90.05 )ng/ml) in DEACMP group at acute stage were significantly higher than those in acute-CO-poisoning group ( (0.50 ± 0.20) ng/ml,( 183.04 ± 73.01 ) ng/ml) and those in DEACMP group at convalescent stage ( (0.51 ±0.16) ng/ml,(183.25 ±81.76)ng/ml) (all P values ＜0.05).(2)In DEACMP group,the serum S100B and GFAP at acute and convalescent stages were significantly correlated (at acute stage:r=0.466,P=0.006; at convalescent stage:r=0.365,P=0.037 ).(3)The S100B and GFAP in ineffective DEACMP patients at acute stage were significantly higher than those in the other groups ( all P values ＜ 0.05 ).(4) In DEACMP group,the ADL,HDS and IMCT scores( (45.21 ± 9.69),(8.26 ± 6.31 ),(9.91 ± 7.52) ) at acute stage were significantly different from those at convalescent stages( (33.67 ± 13.62),( 15.91 ± 10.83),( 19.06 ± 10.37 ) ) ( all P values ＜0.01 ).Conclusion There is secondary brain insult (SBI) in DEACMP; glial activation may play an important role.The S100B and GFAP levels may be associated with the prognosis of DEACMP.

Objective To observe the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on behavior in response to chronic but unpredictable mild stress and explore potential neuroendocrine mechanisms.Methods Forty adult SD male rats were randomly divided into a control group (n =8) and a model preparation group (n=32).The control group was given normal care while a model of depression was induced in the model preparation group through giving an unpredictable mild stimulus (CUMS).The depressive rats were randomly divided into a model group,an rTMS group and a sham rTMS group (8 cases in each group).The rTMS group and sham rTMS groups accepted the rTMS or sham stimulation for 3 weeks.The changes in behavior in each group were quantified using body weight,sucrose consumption and an open field test before and after stimulation.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Elisas) were conducted to detect plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) levels.Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) were carried out to allow the detection of mRNA expression in hypothalamus related to levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone releasing hormone (CRH).Results After the modeling there were significant differences between the model preparation group and the control group in terms of weight increase,sucrose consumption and open field test results.After rTMS the rate of weight increase,sucrose consumption and the scores in the open field test of the rTMS group had increased significantly more than in the control group.Elisas showed significantly higher plasma ACTH and CORT levels in the model group as well.The average expression of CRH mRNA in the model group was significantly higher than in either of the other two groups.Conclusions rTMS can relieve depression-like behavior induced by chronic stress,at least in rats.This may be related to a downgrading of the hyperactive functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Objective:To investigate the association of WWP2 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs3790088, rs4247109) with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) , and explore the influences of DEACMP genetic predisposition. Methods:From November 2006 to December 2017, 235 DEACMP cases and 429 acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACMP) cases were selected. All ACMP patients were followed up for more than 90 days without DEACMP. The DNA in all blood samples were extracted with the blood Genome DNA Extraction Kit. The method of Sequenom Mass Array SNP technique was used to detect the genotype and allele of WWP2. All DEACMP patients were assessed every 3 days after hospitalization by the Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) . The distribution of genotypes in conformty with Hardy-Weinderg law was analyzed by goodness-of-fit χ 2 test, and χ 2 test was used for association analysis. Results:For rs3790088, there were 226 DEACMP cases and 414 ACMP cases. For rs4247109, there were 234 DEACMP cases and 428 ACMP cases. For rs3790088 and rs4247109 in WWP2 gene: there were not significant differences in the gene genotype distribution and allele frequency of both DEACMP group and ACMP group ( P>0.05) . According to gender, there were not significant differences in WWP2 gene genotype distribution and allele frequency between two female groups and two male groups ( P>0.05) . After analysis by genetic model, the genotype distributions in both DEACMP group and ACMP group were not significantly differences in three genetic models (codominant genetic model, recessive genetic model and dominant genetic model, P>0.05) . Conclusion:It has not confirmed the genetic correlation between the two gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3790088, rs4247109) of WWP2 gene and the incidence of DEACMP.

Objective:To investigate the association of WWP2 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs3790088, rs4247109) with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) , and explore the influences of DEACMP genetic predisposition. Methods:From November 2006 to December 2017, 235 DEACMP cases and 429 acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACMP) cases were selected. All ACMP patients were followed up for more than 90 days without DEACMP. The DNA in all blood samples were extracted with the blood Genome DNA Extraction Kit. The method of Sequenom Mass Array SNP technique was used to detect the genotype and allele of WWP2. All DEACMP patients were assessed every 3 days after hospitalization by the Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) . The distribution of genotypes in conformty with Hardy-Weinderg law was analyzed by goodness-of-fit χ 2 test, and χ 2 test was used for association analysis. Results:For rs3790088, there were 226 DEACMP cases and 414 ACMP cases. For rs4247109, there were 234 DEACMP cases and 428 ACMP cases. For rs3790088 and rs4247109 in WWP2 gene: there were not significant differences in the gene genotype distribution and allele frequency of both DEACMP group and ACMP group ( P>0.05) . According to gender, there were not significant differences in WWP2 gene genotype distribution and allele frequency between two female groups and two male groups ( P>0.05) . After analysis by genetic model, the genotype distributions in both DEACMP group and ACMP group were not significantly differences in three genetic models (codominant genetic model, recessive genetic model and dominant genetic model, P>0.05) . Conclusion:It has not confirmed the genetic correlation between the two gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3790088, rs4247109) of WWP2 gene and the incidence of DEACMP.

Objective To survey the situation and related factors of maintenance medication treatment in schizophrenic patients re-hospitalized for relapse. Methods 362 patients re-admitted with schizophrenia and their relatives were interviewed with questionnaire which included 16 factors that might affect maintenance medication treatment. Results 63.8% patients stopped medication and 21.1% patients were on low-dose maintenance medication treatment by themselves, while 7.7% patients were on reasonable dose anti-psychotics in 2 years. The time of maintenance medication treatment related with insight (OR=2.2144, P=0.001), family care (OR=4.8842, P=0.025), outcomes of treatment (OR=2.2056, P=0.007) and negative life events (OR=0.4529, P=0.003). Conclusion Schizophrenic patients re-admitted with relapse often withdraw or reduce their medication by themselves, which risked with poor insight, poor therapeutic effect, poor care from their family, and more negative life events

Objective To investigate the incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in divers of Dalian.Methods From January 2010 to December 2010,all registered 855 divers in Dalian were enrolled in this study.All divers underwent a unified medical examination and a questionnaire including height,weight,blood pressure and hip inspection.Radiological examination (anteroposterior and frog position)was used for all divers.Suspicious persons with hip pain but normal X-ray performance were confirmed by MRI.Results Sixty-eight divers were confirmed as ONFH,and the incidence of ONFH in divers of Dalian was 7.95％.According to the Ficat classification,12 patients (12 hips) were in Phase 1,40 patients (47 hips)in phase Ⅱ,3 patients (3 hips) in phase Ⅲ,13 patients (15 hips) in phase Ⅳ.The mean age of divers was 32.6+5.5 years (range,18-55 years).The onset ages of most patients ranged from 30 years to 50 years,accounted for 83.82％ (57/68).Among all patients,primary school education accounted for 10.58％ (38/359),junior high school education 6.28％ (28/446),high school education 4.26％ (2/47),university education 0 (0/3); seniority less than 5 years accounted for 4.55％ (20/440),6-10 years 9.69％ (28/289),11-15 years 13.04％ (12/92),16-20 years 21.05％ (4/19),more than 20 years 26.67％ (4/15); self-employed accounted for 11.88％ (19/160),private enterprise 8.41％ (38/452),and national enterprise 4.53％ (11/243).Conclusion The incidence of ONFH is high in divers of Dalian,which is different in terms of age,seniority,level of education,enterprise nature.

AIM:To investigate the effects of epal-restat(Epa)on the mitochondrial oxidative stress damage of radiation pneumonitis(RP)mice and to explore its possible mechanism.METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control(CON),Irradiation(IR),IR combined with Epa(10 mg/kg)and IR combined with Epa(20 mg/kg)group,16 mice in each group.Mouse models of RP were es-tablished by whole thorax irradiation at a dose of 15Gy using a 6-MV linear accelerator.Continuous intragastric administration after IR for 6 or 8 weeks.Lung histopathology was analyzed by HE staining.The expression of aldose reductase(AR)was deter-mined by immunohistochemistry.Mitochondrial morphology of lung tissues was observed by trans-mission electron microscopy.The levels of inflam-matory cytokines(IL-6,TNF-α and TGF-β1)in plas-ma were detected by ELISA.The contents of Malo-ndialdehyde(MDA)and 4-hydroxynonenal(4-HNE)in lung tissues were determined by colorimetry.Sin-gle cell suspension of lung tissues was prepared and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in the cells was examined using a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression of AR,IL-6,TNF-α and TGF-β1.The protein levels of AR,IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1,BAX,Bcl2,Cleaved Caspase-3,8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1(OGG1)and silent information regulator 3(SIRT3)were detected by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:Compared with the CON group,the alveolar hyper-plasia,alveolar septum thickening and inflammato-ry cell infiltration were observed in the IR group.Moreover,the content of inflammatory factors such as IL-6,TNF-α and TGF-β1 and the expression of BAX and Cleaved Caspase-3 were significantly in-creased,and the expression of Bcl2 was obviously decreased after irradiation.Compared with the IR group,Epa robustly alleviated RP.Meanwhile,Epa down-regulated inflammatory cells infiltration and the expression of inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-6,TNF-α and TGF-β1.In addition,Epa could down-regulate the expression of BAX and Cleaved Caspase-3,and up-regulate Bcl2 in lung tissues.Compared with the CON group,the expression of AR,the levels of ROS,MDA and 4-HNE were signifi-cantly increased,the expression of OGG1 and SIRT3 were significantly decreased,and mitochon-drial damage was aggravated in the IR group.Com-pared with IR group,the expression of AR was sig-nificantly down-regulated,the levels of ROS,MDA and 4-HNE were significantly decreased,the expres-sions of OGG1 and SIRT3 were significantly in-creased,and the mitochondrial damage was signifi-cantly alleviated in IR group after 6 to 8 weeks of Epa administration.CONCLUSION:Epa has a pro-tective effect on RP,which may be related to the in-hibition of AR expression,the reduction of mito-chondrial oxidative stress injury,and the inhibition of inflammatory response and cell apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of different combinations with "Shugan Jianpi" acupuncture and Yintang acupoint magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression with liver depression and spleen deficiency type.Methods 160 patients with depression treated in hospital from December 2013 to June 2017 were divided into 4 groups according to the random number table,with 40 cases in each group.Group A received basic drug therapy," Shugan Jianpi" acupuncture combined with Yintang acupoint magnetic stimulation,group B received basic drug therapy combined with Yintang acupoint magnetic stimulation,group C received basic drug therapy combined with " Shugan Jianpi" acupuncture treatment,group D was treated with basic medicine only for 4 weeks.Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) was used to assess the short-term and long-term efficacy for 4 groups before treatment,after 2 weeks of treatment,after 4 weeks and 2 months after treatment and the safety of these 4 types of therapy was evaluated with the side effects scale (TESS).2 months after the treatment,the quality of life universal scale (SF-36) was evaluated for patients in 4 groups.Results After 2 weeks,4 weeks and 2 months of treatment,HAMD scores in the 4 groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05).After 2 weeks of treatment,HAMD score of A group was (15.28±3.45),and HAMD score of B,C,D group were ((18.30±3.57),(22.50±3.71),(27.30±4.82)) respectively.HAMD score of A group was significantly lower than those of B,C,D group (P＜0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,HAMD scores in A,B group were significantly lower than those in C,D group (P ＜0.05).After 2 months of treatment,HAMD scores in all the 4 groups were further declined compared with those after 4 weeks of treatment (P＜ 0.05),however,there was no significant difference between the four groups (P＞0.05).The scores of each dimension of SF-36 in group A were significantly higher than those of group B,C and D (P＜0.05),and which in group B and C were significantly higher than those in D group after 2 months of treatment.(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference among the 4 groups in TESS scores (P ＞0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that there is a synergistic effect in combination of the " ShuganJianpi" acupuncture combined with Yintang acupoint magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency type,and it can effectively reduce the degree and improve their quality of life in patients with depression.

Objective To estimate the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in China in 2015. Methods Based on the data quality review and assessment, the esophageal cancer data from 368 cancer registries in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China were included in this study. According to the national population data in 2015, the nationwide incidence and mortality of the esophageal cancer were estimated. Chinese standard population in 2000 and world Segi's population were used to calculate the age?standardized (ASR) incidence and mortality rates (ASR China and world, respectively). Results The 368 cancer registries covered a total of 309 553 499 populations in China, accounting for 22.52% of the national population. There were 245 651 new esophageal cancer cases estimated in China in 2015, with a crude incidence rate of 17.87/100 000. The ASR China and ASR world were 11.14/100 000 and 11.28/100 000, respectively. The estimated number of esophageal cancer death was 188 044 in China in 2015, with a crude mortality rate of 13.68/100 000; The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates were 8.33/100 000 and 8.36/100 000, respectively. The ASR China incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in males were higher in males (16.50/100 000 and 12.66/100 000) than those in females (5.92/100 000 and 4.17/100 000), and they were higher in rural areas (15.95/1100 000 and 11.67/100 000) than those in urban areas (7.59/100 000 and 5.87/100 000). Conclusion The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in China are higher than the global average. The disparity of the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer significantly differed in genders and areas.