Objective To provide a reference for prevention of trace elements deficiency in children by investigating the distribution and variation law of Ca,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mg of children in Beijing area.Methods Five kinds of trace elements( Ca,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mg) in peripheral blood of 7972 children of Beijing Children's Hospital for health examination from 2010 to 2011 were detected by atomic absorption spectrometer.The children were Beijing urban residents.They were divided into five age groups:infancy group ( 1 - 12 months,1506 cases),toddler age group ( 1 - 2 years,2766 cases),preschool age group ( 3 - 6 years,1918 cases),school age group (7 - 11 years,1576 cases) and adolescence group ( 12 - 18 years,206 cases).According to gender,each group was sub-divided into male and female group.The distributions of the 5 kinds of trace elements were analyzed among different age and gender groups.Results With the age increasing,the trend of the levels of Ca and Cu were downward,but the levels of Zn and Fe were upward,and the level of Mg was stable.For boys and girls,the levels of Cu in infancy group were (21.90 ±2.89) and(21.25 ±2.80) μmoL/L; in toddler age group,they were (21.76 ±2.78)and (21.29 ±2.69) μmol/L; in preschool age group,they were ( 21.32 ± 2.83 ) and ( 20.88 ± 2.84 ) μ mol/L; and in school age group,they were (20.81 ± 3.02 ) and ( 20.36 ± 3.37 ) μmol/L,respectively.The distribution of Cu showed significantly different among different gender groups ( t =4.640,4.475,3.290,2.894; P ＜ 0.01 ).In adolescence group,the levels of Cu were ( 19.53 ± 2.91 ) and (20.30 ± 2.90) μmol/L for boys and girls respectively and there was no significant difference ( t =- 1.796,P ＞ 0.05 ).In each gender group,the content of Ca,Zn,Fe,and Mg was not significantly different between boys and girls.It was common for the deficiency of Zn and Fe in all ages.Their total deficiency rates were 58.9％ and 19.2％.The deficiency rates of Zn and Fe in infancy were 67.7％ and 42.3％.Conclusions The distributions of Ca,Cu,and Mg in peripheral blood of children in Beijing become reasonable.Fe and Zn are deficient in different degree,and should be rationally used according to clinical guide.

Objective To assess the lung inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods Twenty ASAⅡ-Ⅲ patients of either sex (9 male, 11 female) aged (43 ? 12)yr, undergoing elective cardiac valve replacement were studied. Patients with liver or kidney dysfunction and lung inflammatory diseases were excluded. Premedication included intramuscular morphine 5mg and atropine 0.1mg. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 1.5-2.0mg? kg-1, fentanyl 5?g?kg-1 and vecuronium 0. 1mg?kg-1 and maintained with isoflurane (

Objective: To study the effects of ulinastatin (UTI) on lung function after cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: 60 patients, ASA score II～III, scheduled for elective cardiac valvular replacement, were randomly allocated into three groups. Study group (group I, n=20), UTI 10?000 U/kg group (group II, n=20), and UTI 20?000 U/kg group (group III, n=20). OI, V_D/V_T, P(A-a)O_2, CaO_2 , SaO_2 and PaO_2 were studied respectively. Ventilation time, simultaneous breath frequency within 24 hours after extubation and respiratory changes were also observed. Results: Compared with pre-CPB, in group I, postoperative OI, V_D/V_T, P_ (A-a) O_2 increased and CaO_2, SaO_2, PaO_2 decreased, respectively (P

Objective To establish a cell line with repressed expression of p53 by transfecting a plasmid construct expressing short hairpin RNA(shRNA)targeting p53 into human skin fibroblasts(HSFs),and to evaluate the effect of repression of p53 expression on the senescence in HSFs.Methods The eukaryotic expressing plasmid pGCsi-p53 containing shRNA targeting p53 gene was transfected into HSFs with lipofectamine.Subsequently,the cells were selected by G418,and resistant cell clones were chosen and expanded.Reverse transcription-PCR and real time fluorescence-based quanitative PCR were performed to determine the expression of p53 gene,and Western blot to detect the expression of p53 protein in HSFs.The senescence in HSFs was evaluated by SA β-gal staining,and cell proliferation by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.Results A HSF clone with repressed expression of p53 was established successfully.The expressions of p53 mRNA and protein were downregulated in transfected HSFs compared with untransfected HSFs(0.09 ± 0.03 vs.0.32 ± 0.04,0.11 ± 0.04 vs.0.84 ± 0.05,both P ＜ 0.01).The percentage of senescent cells was 13.47％ ± 1.01％ in the transfected HSFs,significantly lower than that in untransfected HSFs(18.10％ ± 0.66％,P ＜ 0.05).As MTT assay showed,the proliferation was accelerated in transfected HSFs compared with untransfected HSFs(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The repression of p53 expression decelerates the senescence in HSFs,but promotes the proliferation of HSFs.

Teaching in the course of anesthesiology for college students not majoring in anesthesiology was reformed and optimized by inducing various approaches such as development of interest,heuristic teaching,multimedia teaching,clinical simulation teaching and anesthesia experience in the First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University.Students' fundamental knowledge of clinical anesthesiology and abilities of clinical thinking and active learning were improved.Based on the summary of teaching practice,teachers should cultivate students' interest in anesthesiology,emphasize interactive teaching and learning and take fundamental knowledge of clinical anesthesiology as main teaching objectives in the clinical practice course of anesthesiology.

Objective To determine the median effective doae (ED50) for motor block after intrathecal ropivacaine and bupivacaine. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-64, weighing 46-75 kg, undergoing elective urological surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30each) receiving intrathecal 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine respectively. The ED50 was determined by up-down sequential allocation. The initial dose was 4 mg. Each time the dose increased/decreased by 1 mg. Efficacy was determined by the occurrence of any motor block in either lower extremity (modified Bromage scale > 0)within 5 or 10 min after the spinal injection. Results The intrathecal ED50 for motor block was 6.68 mg for ropivacaine (95% confidence interval 6.27-7.13 mg) and 4.07 mg for bupivacaine (95% confidence interval 3.56-4.47mg) . The relative motor blocking potency ratio was ropivacaine/bupivacaine 0.61. Conclusion The potency of intrathecal ropivacaine is lower than that of bupivacaine for motor block.

Objective To evaluate the effect of RNA interference in p53 gene on the expressions of genes involved in ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced premature senescence and photocarcinogenesis in human skin fibroblasts (HSFs).Methods A previously established HSF cell clone with repressed expression of p53,which was named as HSF-p53,was cultured and irradiated with a subcytotoxic dose (10 mJ/cm2) of UVB once a day for five consecutive days.The HSFs with normal expression of p53 served as the control.Subsequently,β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-staining was performed to estimate the degree of senescence,quantitative real-time PCR array was performed to determine the mRNA expressions of photocarcinogenesis-and senescence-associated genes,including p53,p21,p19,p16,pRb,fibronectin,osteonectin,smooth muscle 22 (SM22),bax,bcl-2,hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and human double minute-2 (hdm2).Statistical analysis was carried out by Student's t test using the software SPSS 10.0.Results The percentage of SA-β-gal-positive cells in irradiated HSF-p53 was 19.70％ ± 0.85％,significantly higher than that in unirradiated HSF-p53 (12.77％ ± 0.81％,t =6.45,P ＜ 0.05),but lower than that in irradiated control HSFs (50.48％ ± 5.30％,t =7.86,P ＜ 0.05),and similar to that in unirradiated control HSFs (18.50％ ± 0.45％,t =2.57,P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the control HSFs,the HSF-p53 showed decreased expressions of p21,p19,fibronectin,osteonectin,SM22 and bax genes (all P ＜ 0.05),but increased expressions of bcl-2,HIF-1α,VEGF and hdm2 genes (all P ＜ 0.05),and a similar expression of p16 gene (P ＞ 0.05); the repeated UVB radiation significantly promoted the expressions of p16 and pRb genes (both P ＜ 0.05),but had no obvious effect on the expressions of the other genes in HSF-p53 compared with unirradiated HSF-p53 (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The inhibition of p53 expression may decelerate the UVB-induced premature senescence in HSFs,which may be involved in the p53-dependent tumor suppression.

Objective To analyze the antibiotic resistance of the carbapenem no-susceptibility Enterobacteriaceae isolated from pediatric patients and the resistant genes of carbapenemase-producing.Methods In all,46 carbapenem no-susceptibility Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated from patients at Beijing Children's Hospital between January 2008 and December 2010.Agar dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute was used to examine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 14 antimicrobial agents.Phenotypic testing for carbapenemase-producing was conducted using Hodge test and double-disk synergy test.PCR was used to detect the expression of the carbapenemase-related genes KPC,GES,IMI/NMC-A,SME,IMP,VIM,GIM,SPM,SIM and OXA.WHONET5.6 was used to perform resistance analysis.Results Among 46 carbapenem no-susceptibility Enterobacteriaceae strains,26 (56.5％) were Klebsiella pneumoniae strains,13(28.3％ ) were Enterobacter cloacae and 7( 15.2％ ) were Escherichia coli.The rates of imipenem and meropenem no-susceptibility Klebsiella pneumoniae were 69.2％ and 80.8％,Enterobacter cloacae were 76.9％ and 100％ and Escherichia coli were 85.7％ and 100％,respectively.40(87.0％ ) strains were positive of Hodge test.41 (89.1％) strains were positive of doubledisk synergy test.38 (82.6％) were positive for the IMP genotype.The carbapenemase-related genes were not found in other 8 strains.Conclusion The prevalence of carbapenem no-susceptibility Enterobacteriaceae strains in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates is relatively high in children.Resistance to imipenem was lower than that to meropenem from Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli strains.Many carbapenem no-susceptibility Enterobacteriaceae isolated from pediatric patients carry the blaIMP gene.No the KPC gene was found.

Objective To investigate the etiology, epidemiologic features and drug resistance tendency of acute infectious diarrhea among children in Beijing area. Methods Enteric pathogenic bacteria were isolated, cultured and identified for serotype from the stool specimens of children with the initial clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial diarrhea in the intestinal clinic from January to October in 2009 ,and the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria was tested by disk diffusion method. The cluster A rotavirus antigen was also detected by the qualitative technique of immunochromatographic double-antibody sandwich assay. Results Of the 256 stool specimens, 87 strains of 4 species of pathogenic bacteria were detected with the detectable rate of 34. 0% ,of which 2 strains were detected in one stool sample ,including 40 strains of salmonella (46. 0%) ,23 strains of shigella (26. 4%) ,2 strains of diarrheogenic escherichia coli (2. 3%) and 22 strains of staphylococcus aureus (25.3%). The positively detected patients consisted of 54 males and 32 females with the ratio of 1.69∶1 ,of whom 55 cases (64. 0%) were under 2 years of age. Of the 13 strains of shigella, 13 were sonnei shigella (56. 5%). And of the 22 strains of staphylococcus aureus,20 were detected among the infants under 1 year of age. The rates of crug resistance to certain antibiotics were lower in salmonella than in shigella (ampicillin :65. 0% vs. 95.7% ;compound sulfamethoxazole:20. 0% vs. 78. 3% ;ciprofloxacin:7.5% vs.8. 7% ;ceftriaxone: 15.0% vs. 73.9%). Of the 256 stool specimens ,47 were found positive for cluster A rotavirus,of whom 13 were also positive in stool bacteria culture. Conclusion Salmonella is the major pathogen among children with bacterial diarrhea in Beijing in 2009, and sonnei shigella is the main epidemic strains of shigella diarrhea. lnfants under 2 years of age are the susceptible population of the above two species of bacteria, while staphylococcus aureus mainly infect the infants under 1 years of age. Multi-resistance in shigella is still serious. The incidence of mixed infections of bacteria and rotavirus increases in children with infectious diarrhea.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of preventing ankle instability through exer-cise, so as to provide evidence-based references for practice. Methods The randomized and controlled trials ( RCT) on preventing ankle instability through exercise published before December 2014 were searched for in the NCBI, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases by computer, supplemented by manual searching. Each study′s quality was evaluated according to the standards of the Cochrane handbook by 3 researchers. The outcome indexes were ex-tracted and analyzed using RevMan 5.2 software. Results After the initial selection, 665 papers (357 in English and 308 in Chinese) were retained. From these 92 were chosen after reading the titles and abstracts. Ultimately, 14 RCT studies ( 12 in English and 2 in Chinese) met the inclusion criteria. They showed that exercise improved ankle function and symptoms of ankle instability significantly [SMD=0.98, 95%CI (0.65,1.31), P≤0.01], improved muscle strength [SMD=1.50, 95%CI (0.99,2.01), P≤0.01], improved balance and postural stability [SMD=-0.54, 95%CI (-0.84,-0.25) ,P≤0.01] , but did not improve proprioception or neuromuscular functioning sig-nificantly. Conclusions Exercise can effectively improve muscle strength, balance and postural stability, but not proprioception or neuromuscular functioning. The details of these findings may be related to the exercise intervention chosen.