Age-related cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the leading causes of visual loss in elder persons,and sometimes the two diseases are co-existing in those patients.Earlier studies have suggested that cataract surgery could promote the process of AMD.However,the latest research of this diseases and the advanced treatment strategy have leading the remarkable change of this field.This article reviews the morbidity and the relation of cataract surgery and progression of AMD,and how to reduce the development of AMD after cataract surgery.

Objective To investigate the relationship between primary TCM syndromes and heart rate variability in hypertension, evaluate the development of disease. Methods 182 hypertension patients were recruited in accordance with the standard of hypertension. According to the Chinese medicine dialectical criteria, these patients were further divided into 5 groups, namely, hyperactivity of liver-fire group, phlegm-dampness retention group, blood stasis group, hyperactivity of Yang due to yin deficiency group and Qi and blood deficiency group. Another 60 healthy people were recruited as a control group. 24h Holter was adopted to monitor heart rate variability. Results Analysis of TCM syndromes and heart rate variability, anger on inflammation group had positive relation with SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF and TP(r were respectively 0.161,0.372, 0.223, 0.281, 0.301);Phlegmy wet resistance groups had positive relation with SDNN, HRV triangular index, VLF, LF, VLF/HF, LF/HF, LFnorm.(r were respectively 0.175, 0.211, 0.174, 0.262, 0.159, 0.264, 0.263);blood stasis group had negative relation with LF/HF, LFnorm(r were respectively-0.185、-0.018).Yang due to yin deficiency group had negative relation with SDNN, RMSSD, VLF, LF.(r were respectively -0.204, -0.161,-0.184,-0.197);Qi and blood deficiency group had negative relation with SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD and HRV triangular index, VLF, LF, LFnorm, and had positive relation with HFnorm(r were respectively-0.353,-0.348,-0.258, -0.303, -0.268, -0.361, -0.352, 0.267). Conclusion Hypertension patients with different type of TCM syndromes had different characteristics of autonomic nerve functional disorders, which both reflected the important pathological changes of TCM syndromes and had close relation with the course of hypertension, providing objective basis for clinical diagnosis of syndrome differentiation.

A novel method for analysis of three active components curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin in Curcuma longa L. was developed by HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection. Three curcuminoids were well separated on a C18 column and detected with high sensitivity. A mobile phase containing acetonitrile and 10 mM Na2HPO4-H3PO4 (pH 5.0) (50:50, v/v) was used. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.208-41.6, 0.197-39.4, and 0.227-114μM for curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin respectively. The limit of detection reached up to 10 ? 8 M, which was lower than that by UV detection. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 1.06%to 1.88%for intra-day precision and from 4.30%to 5.79%for inter-day precision, respectively. The proposed method has been applied in real herb sample and recoveries ranging from 86.3%to 111%were obtained.

Objective To explore the efficacy and the prognostic factors of docetaxel combined with gemcitabine for patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer.Methods Forty-six patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer received docetaxel combined with gemcitabine regimen (docetaxel 75 mg/m2,intravenous drip,dl ; gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2,intravenous drip,dl,d8; The regimen was repeated every threeweeks for 3-6 cycles).The response rate (RR) was evaluated after 2 cycles,and the overall survival (OS)and progress-free survival (PFS) were recorded.Single factor chi square test and multivariate Cox proportion hazard model were used to evaluate the relationship between clinic pathologic features and RR,OS.Results All patients completed 3-6 cycls chemotherapy.The overall response rate was 56.5％ (26/46) and disease control rate was 82.6％ (38/46),with 4 patients of complete remission (8.7％),22 patients of partial remission (47.8％),12 patients of stable disease (26.1％) and 8 patients of progressive disease (17.4％).The median OS of 46 patients was 16.0 months (95％ CI:6.5-25.5 months) and PFS was 8.0 months (95％ CI:6.2-9.8 months).Single factor analysis showed that age,menopausal status,PS score,the number of metastasis had correhtions with RR (P ＜ 0.05) ; Cox proportion hazard model also showed that age,menopausal status,PS score,the number of metastasis had correlations with OS,and were the prognostic factors (P ＜0.05).The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were myelosuppression,gastrointestinal reaction,rash,alopecia,fatigue,and were tolerable (Ⅰ-Ⅱ level).Condusion Docetaxel combined with gemcitabine is effective and safe in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer.Age,menopausal status,PS score and the number of metastasis are the prognostic factors for efficacy of docetaxel combined with gemcitabine regimen.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of along-meridian distal point selection in treating post-cerebral infarction shoulder-hand syndrome.MethodSixty patients with post-cerebral infarction shoulder-hand syndrome were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 30 cases each. The control group was treated by routine neurological medical treatment, conventional acupuncture for stroke-attack on meridians and rehabilitation training and the treatment group, by along-meridian distal point selection in addition. The therapeutic effects were evaluated in both groups after four courses of treatment. The VAS scores, affected-side hand swelling scores and upper limb FMA scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. ResultThe VAS score, affected-side hand swelling score and upper limb FMA score were significantly better in both groups after treatment than before (P<0.01). Post-treatment VAS score, affected-side hand swelling score and upper limb FMA score were significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group; there were statistically significant differences (P<0.01,P<0.05). ConclusionAlong-meridian distal point selection has clinically a better improving effect on the pain, affected-side hand swelling and upper limb function in patients with post-cerebral infarction shoulder-hand syndrome.

Russia's post-degree medical education first appeared in the end of the 19th century and had improved along with the progress in science, technology and education. From 1990s, new waves of technology revolution and the rise of post-occupation training further pushed the post-degree medical education to move forward. Legally established post-degree education as a form of occupational education enables Russian medical professionals to constantly update knowledge and absorb new information to keep up with the new developments in medical science and technology. In this sense, post-degree medical education has become a major way to train not only medical professionals but professionals of acupuncture and moxibustion, and thus has been of great significance for TCM and acupuncture to transmit and develop in Soviet Union and Russia. This paper introduced the general situation of post-degree medical education in Russia, its influence to the transmission and development of TCM and acupuncture in Soviet Union and Russia, as well as the enlightenment to medical education.

Objective:To establish an experimental phalloplasty model with sensory restoration in rabbits and to explore a new surgical technique to improve the postoperative sensory function in phallic reconstruction. Methods: Adult male New Zealand white rabbit was used. Penile reconstruction was performed with superficial epigastric faciovascular pedicle flap. Free saphenous nerve graft was dissected, embedded in the flap, and end-to-end anastomosed to dorsal nerve of penis. Postoperatively, H-E staining and CGRP immunohistochemical staining were applied to observe the morphology of the regenerated nerves in the reconstructed penis at different stages. Results:Only a few CGRP-positive fibers scattered in deep corium in the reconstructed penis 1 month after surgery, while the quantity of CGRP nerve fibers increased markedly and the CGRP-positive fibers appeared in both superficial corium and papillae corii after 3 months. Six months postoperatively, the positive nerve fibers were also observed around the cutaneous accessories and in the epidermis-corium boundary layer. Conclusion: This rabbit model demonstrates the possibility of a new method for phalloplasty with sensory recovery, which may redound to clinical application.

Objective: To observe the effect of edaravone combining ulinastatin on brain protection in patients of type A aortic dissection (AAD) after total arch replacement. Methods: A total of 60 AAD patients with total arch replacement in our hospital from 2014-09 to 2016-01 were prospectively studied. Based on peri-operative application of edaravone and ulinastatin, the patients were divided into 2 groups: EU group: 1) the patients received ulinastatin 300000 U/8h and edaravone 0.5mg/Kg/12h from administration to 3 days post-operation, 2) during cardiopulmonary bypass, the patients received ulinastatin 300000 U/2h and edaravone 0.5mg/Kg; Control group, the patients had no such treatment.n=30 in each group. The following items were observed:①operative condition;②blood levels of speciifc brain injury markers as S-100 and neuron speciifc enolase (NSE) at different time points: beginning of surgery (T0), opening aorta clamp (T1), right after cardiopulmonary bypass (T2), entering ICU (T3), 24h post-operation (T4) and 3 days post-operation (T5); ③post-operative condition. Results:①Durations of operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac arrest and bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (BACP), the frequency of BACP and UACP (unilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion), the lowest rectal temperature and blood levels of S-100, NSE at T0 were similar between 2 groups.②Compared with Control group, EU group had decreased S-100 and NSE from T1 to T5,P<0.05.③The in-hospital and ventilation time, frequency of PND and TND, the patients with CSS score≥16 before discharge and the in-hospital death rate were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05. Conclusion: Edaravone combining ulinastatin had brain protective effect in AAD patients after total arch replacement;it may reduce blood speciifc brain injury markers while the clinical signiifcance should be further investigated.

Objective To investigate the effect of combination therapy by observing the salivary glands function and related organ pathology after given methotrexate (MTX) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) intermittently in induced mice model of Sjogren's syndrome (SS). To further explore the synergistic effect of combination therapy by detecting the immunological regulatory factor B cell activation factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) expression. Methods The ingredients of Lewis rat's exocrine glands homogenate were injected into female C57BL/6 mice to set up the mice model of SS. After established the SS mice model successfully, they were randomly divided into six SS model group, including low-dose MTX treatment group (0.02 mg/w), high-dose MTX treatment group (0.06 mg/w), CTX pause treatment group (1.2 mg/3 w), CTX alternate day treatment group (0.6 mg/2 d), MTX+CTX combination treatment group (MTX 0.02 mg/3 w+ CTX 1.2 mg/3 w). Treatment effects were assessed both clinically and histologically. Results Eighteen weeks after the first treatment, the improvement of the salivary secretion of the CTX alternate day treatment group and MTX+CTX combination treatment group were higher than other groups, which showed statistically significant difference (P<0.01). Compared with the SS model control group, HE staining showed that the lymphocytic infiltration of exoerine glands was decreased in the treatment group. In the CTX alternate day treatment group and MTX+CTX combination treatment group, few amount of inflammatory cell infiltration were found, and the expression intensity of BAFF mRNA and protein were decreased markedly in salivary gland than others by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assay (P<0.01). Conclusion MTX and CTX can inhibit lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands, inhibit BAFF transcriptional level and production of BAFF protein, leading to an increase of fluid production. It suggests that modulation of signaling via BAFF pathways may be a mechanism of action. MTX and CTX combination therapy is more effective than single-agent therapy. The inhibitory effects of MTX and CTX on BAFF-mediated inflammatory pathways are primarily synergistic.

Objective To study the role of imbalance between transcription factors GATA-3 and T-bet expressions in causing acute lung injury after resuscitation in cardiac arrest model of swine.Methods Mter swine model of electrically induced cardiac arrest was established for 8 minutes,animals were resuscitated to get restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).The swine with ROSC were randomly assigned to be sacrificed at 12 and 24 h after ROSC (n =8 in each group).CD3 +,CD4+ and CD8 + lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry,and the levels of serum IL-4,TNF-α,and IFN-γ were measured by using ELLSA.The protein levels and expressions of GATA-3/T-bet mRNA were detected in lung tissue by western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR device,respectively.Results Pulmonary function was significantly impaired after ROSC.CD4 + lymphocyte subsets (28.4 ± 2.3) ％,(24.1 ± 1.6) ％ and CD4 +/CD8 + (1.7 ±0.9),(1.5 ± 1.0) were significantly lower in the post-ROSC group compared with the sham-operated group (48.4±2.9)％,(51.1±5.4)％ (2.5±1.3),(2.7±1.1) (P＜0.05) at 12 h and 24 h after ROSC.The levels of serum IL-4 and TNF-α were markedly increased,while IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 were significantly decreased in the post-ROSC group compared with the sham-operated group (P ＜0.05) at 2-12 h after ROSC.Protein level and expression of GATA-3 mRNA in lung tissue were markedly increased,while those of T-bet were significantly reduced in the post-ROSC group compared with the sham-operated group (P ＜0.05) at 12 and 24 h after ROSC.Conclusions The lung immune dysfunction induced by imbalance between transcription factors GATA-3 mRNA and T-bet mRNA expressions may complicate in the process of post-resuscitation lung injury in a porcine model of cardiac arrest.