OBJECTIVETo observe the dynamic changes of membrane-bound proton-translocating ATPase (F-ATPase) in the development of dental caries, the expression of Streptococcus mutans F-ATPase under different pH concentrations and during the development of dental caries is analyzed.

METHODSStreptococcus mutans cultured under different pH (pH4.0-7.0) concentrations and containing 5% glucose and no glucose containing BHI were collected. RNA was extracted. Subsequently, F-ATPase gene was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into caries group and control group. The rats in the caries group were fed caries feed and 5% glucose water, whereas those of control group were fed normal feed. Total RNA was extracted from plaque samples, which were collected from rats' oral cavity every two weeks. F-ATPase gene was detected by real-time PCR. In the 11th week, the upper and lower jaw bone specimens of rats were taken, and molar caries damage assessed.

RESULTSThe expression of F-ATPase in the caries group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the gene was expressed highest in pH5.0 and the lowest in pH4.0 (P<0.05). 2) The expression of F-ATPase progressively increased during the caries development in both groups; expression in the caries group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcid-resisting viru-lence factor F-ATPase is related closely with the incidence and development of dental caries.

Adenosine Triphosphatases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Dental Caries ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Dental Plaque ; microbiology ; Male ; Protons ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Streptococcus mutans ; drug effects ; genetics ; Virulence Factors

Objective To study the correlation between alopecia areata and the susceptibility genes identified in our previous study with Han Chinese population. Methods The study performed an independent replication study using 736 cases and 1 840 controls. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes by salting out with saturat-ed NaCl solution according to standard methods. The evidence for association had been obtained from former gene study. Then a fine-mapping study and genotyped the locus with an additional 17 SNPs were performed. Data were analyzed with the use of Plink 1. 07 software. Results Only one SNP achieved nominal significance, rs3087243 (P = 0. 041, OR = 1. 18, 95% CI = 1. 01 ~ 1. 38). The other 16 genes (TLR1, DMBT1, CHIT1, GBP4, CIITA, IL31RA, CD96, INPPL1, MASP2, IL-13, KIAA0350, PTPN22, SPATA5, TRAF1 / C5, IL1A, IL2R) failed. A further stratification analysis of alopecia areata was adopted, including the analysis of family history, the age of on-set and the severity of alopecia areata. The stratification analysis revealed that the age of onset > 20 years achieved nominal significance P < 0. 05 for one SNP, rs2416808 (P = 0. 018, OR = 1. 35, 95% CI = 1. 05 ~ 1. 74), where-as, the other results were of no statistical significance. Conclusion The results indicate that 17 SNPs may not be associated with AA in Han Chinese population. Further study should be performed in a larger Han Chinese sam-ples.

Objective Extramedullary plagmocytoma at diagnose or during the course of multiple myeloma is rare.In order to know this entity better and explore new therapy for it,by combining with literature review,we conducted a retrospective study to describe the clinical and laboratory features of this entity and the outcome of these manirestation.Methods From January 2001 to July 2007,123 multiple myeloma patients were treated in our hospital.We analysed the clinical features of patients with extramedullary plagmocytoma at diagnose or during the course of multiple myeloma.The response to therapy was evaluated according to the EBMT criteria.Results 9 eligible patients out of 123 with MM were retrieved from the hematology department of Beijing Chaoyang hospital.The median age was 55(range:48～66)with a female/male ratio of 1/8.One patients was found to have Extramedullary and extraosseous tumor at the time of MM diagnose,and eight patients developed Extramedullary tumor during the course of the disease.Multiple sites were usually involved.Resistance to traditional chemotherapy wag frequent.With a median follow-up of 19 months(range:3～47),2 patients are alive.Median time from progression of disease to diagnose of Extramedullary disease was 4 and a half months.The median interval from diagnosis of Extramedullary disease to death was 2 months and OS was 23 months.Conclusion Extramedullary plasmocytoma is a rare manifestation of MM,with a cumulative incidence of 7.3% of MM in our department.Multiple sites are usually involved.The resistance to the traditional chemotherapy is frequent and the prognosis is very poor.The new therapy is necessarily explored.

Objective To examine the relationships between a number of potential risk or protective factors and the risk of depression and anxiety among a population of adolescent elite athletes in Guangzhou city. Methods A whole sample was consisted of 520 students,and the information of their age,gender,characteristics and others was investigated. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales(HADS). Data were analyzed using multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results After adjusting for other variables,students who had a high risk of anxiety were underweight (sβ =2.482) when compared to those who were of normal weight. Reduced risk of anxiety was associated with older students ( sβ = 4. 365), students with moderate educated mothersβ=3. 153) , and students who perceived very high pressure from teachers/coaches (sβ=5.372). A significant increase in the risk of depression was associated with variables including: students aged between 15 and 16 years(sβ =3.367) ,students who had a family history of chronic diseases (sβ =2.765) , and poor overall support(sβ = 4.365). Reduced risk of depression was associated with students with moderate educated mothers( sβ = 6.764) and students who perceived very high pressure from teachers/coaches(sβ = 4. 167). Conclusion Various risk and protective factors have been identified for anxiety and depression. These results have direct implications on the development of appropriate preventive strategies for mental problems among young elite athletes.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)findings of patients with Hirayama disease simply presenting proximal upper extremity muscular atrophy.Methods Three patients with Hirayama disease simply presenting proximal upper extremity muscular atrophy received cervical spine MRI on neutral and flexion position. The relationship between MRI findings and their clinical symptoms were analyzed. The outcomes were compared with those of 43 patients who were diagnosed as Hirayama disease with muscular atrophy at the hand and forearm. Results 1) Clinical features:three patients were young men. The disease was characterized by unilateral weakness and atrophy of the proximal upper limbs, such as pectoralis major muscle, deltoid muscle, and biceps brachii muscle. Electromyogram (EMG) showed bilateral upper extremities neurogenic damage. 2) Cervical spine MRI findings:cervical spine kyphosis without spinal cord compression was found on neutral position. On flexion position,anterior shifting of C3-C5 cervical cord and the posterior wall of dural sac were found; C4-C5 cervical cord was compressed by vertebral body or intervertebral disc or dural sac. Engorged posterior internal vertebral venous plexus were observed in epidural space. In the 43 patients who were diagnosed Hirayama disease with muscular atrophy at the hand and forearm, similar MRI findings were found, while cervical cords compression were at C6-C7 level. Conclusion Hirayama disease could present as proximal upper extremity muscular atrophy and weakness, such as pectoralis major muscle, deltoid muscle, and biceps brachii muscle.Neglecting of this will result in diagnostic errors or missed diagnosis. Flexion position MRI is an important base of early diagnosis of Hirayama disease.

Objective To observe the effect of fluoxetine on the single prolonged stress model which mimic the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods Rats receiving single prolonged stress (SPS) (2 h restraint + 20 min FST + anaesthesized to lose consciousness with ethylether) or not were given fluoxetine or tap water for 15 days. Elevated plus maze(EPM),open-field test(OF) and morris water maze(MWM) tests were used to evaluate rats' fear response to environment,high alertness,anxiety & depression behavior,and learning and memory ability. Results In open field test, group of fluoxetine(F1 (8895. 85 ± 599. 78) mm, (40. 23 ±4. 32) s;F2 (8654.07 ±866.05)mm,(41.57 ±4.34)s, P<0.05) showed significant increase in activity times and horizontal motion distance compared with group of SPS (4678.85 ±495.33)mm, (22.15 ±3.43)s, P<0.05). In EPM experiment,group of fluoxetine(F1 (32. 62 ± 4. 57)% , (17. 58 ± 3. 23)% ; F2 (39. 75 ± 4. 46)% , (19. 74 ± 4.44) %) showed significant increase in percentage of the open-arm into the maze and percentage of the open arm pause compared with group of SPS ((23.67 ±2. 87)% ,(12.46 ±2.55)% , P<0.05). In MWM experiment,the escape latency of the SPS group increased significantly in comparison to that in sham group (P<0.01) and fluoxetine group. Fluoxetine significantly reversed the SPS-induced decrease in time spent in the target quadrant (P< 0.05). Conclusion Added fluoxetine can obviously improve rats' fear response to environment ,high alertness ,anxiety & depression behavior as well as learning and memory ability.

Objective To investigate the first medical contact to balloon ( FMC2B) time in our center and to identify the influencing factors .Methods This is a retrospective study conducted in the heart center of Beijing Luhe Hospital . A total of 140 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI) were enrolled between July 2013 to September 2014.Demographic data , clinical risk factors and the emergency process were evaluated .All the patients were categorized into 2 groups including:the conformed group ( patients with FMC2B<120 min for non-PCI-capable hospital and <90 min for direct arrival at Luhe hospital, n=59) and the unconformed group (n=81).Multivariant regression aralysis was done to analyse factors influencing FMC 2B time.Results Among the enrolled 140 patients, 58 patients were initially seen in a non-PCI-capable hospital , 31 patients were directly sent to Luhe hospital by ambulance and 51 patients arrived by themselves.The median FMC2B time was 106.16 min (interquartile range [ IQR ]: 77.37 -165.52 min ) and 42.1% ( 59/140 ) of the patients achieved the current recommended FMC2B time.In a multivariate logistic analysis , FMC to electrocardiographic ( ECG) within 10 min ( OR=5.61 , 95% CI 1.91-16.88 ) , admission during normal working hours ( OR=5.11 , 95%CI 1.88-13.85 ) , patient′s education level of high school or above ( OR=4.16 , 95%CI 1.53-11.34 ) , awareness of heart diseases ( OR =2.58, 95% CI 1.13 -5.91 ) were predictors of improving FMC2B. Transfer for primary PCI (OR=0.37, 95% CI 0.15-0.92) increased FMC2B.Conclusions Less than half of the patients with primary PCI achieved the goal of guidelines′recommended FMC2B time.Initial ECG, admission during normal working hours , patient′s education level and awareness of heart diseases and transfer for primary PCI are the independent predictors of FMC 2B time.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the outcomes and adverse effects of sequential therapy of BTD and MPT regimen for the newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients no eligible for high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Methods Thirty-six patients were involved in this study and the patients were treated with tandem therapy of BTD and MPT regimen. The patients were treated with BTD regimen as induced therapy no less than 2 cycles. When the patients got PR or above PR,they were treated with MPT regimen as consolidation therapy which was no less than 2 cycles. Then,the patients who achieved PR or partial PR were received MPT chemotherapy regimen as consequent treatment. After that,low dose thalidomide was used as maintenance therapy. The outcomes and adverse effects were retrospectively evaluated. Results Thirty-six patients were treated with BTD regimen as induced therapy. The results were that 7 patients (19.4 %) achieved CR,8 (22.2 %) VGPR,14 (38.9 %) PR and the OR rate was 80.6 %. The patients (n=29) who achieved no less than PR was treated with MPT regimen as consequent therapy. The results were that four patients were in progression and the others were stable. Twenty-five patients were treated with low dose thalidomide as maintenance therapy. The median progression-free survival (PFS) did not reached yet until last follow-up (median follow-up time was 16.5 months). One-year overall survival rate was expected 86.0 % and 3-year expected overall survival rate was 77.0 %. The main regimen-associated toxicities included thrombocytopenia,peripheral neuropathy (PN),Herpes Zoster,gastrointestinal symptoms,anemia,neutropenia,constipation,fatigue,rash and so on. The incidence of grade 3 and 4 adverse events was low. Conclusion Sequential therapy of BTD and MPT regimen can be used as the front-line therapy for the newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients no eligible for high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of chronic Keshan disease (CKD) and ischemic cardiomyopathy ( ICM ) and provide a basis for differential diagnosis . Methods Forty-two cases of CKD were randomly sampled from 6 Keshan disease districts in Sishui, Zoucheng, Juxian, Wulian, Yishui and Qingzhou Counties of Shandong Province, as CKD group. Thirty-one cases of ICM were selected from Qianfushan Hospital as ICM group. Echocardiography was used to analyze the cardiac morphology , hemodynamic and function. Results Left atrial internal diameter(LA), left ventricular(LV), end-diastolic internal diameter(LVd), right ventricular diameter(RV) and right atrial transverse diameter(RAtd) of the CKD group[(45.14 ± 6.93),(68.48 ± 6.24),(28.90 ± 3.14),(52.79 ± 6.62)mm] were higher than those of ICM group[(40.68 ± 5.12),(60.55 ± 4.07),(24.35 ± 2.12), (47.68 ± 8.53)mm , t = 3.03, 6.55, 7.38, 2.88, all P < 0.01]. In CKD group, several atrioventricular carities were enlarged, and the ventricular wall tended to become thin. In ICM group, left atrioventricular cavities were enlarged, and the apex of LV was thin spherical. The LV ejection fraction(LVEF) and fractional shortening of LV (LVFS) of the CKD group [(40.50 ± 10.68)%, (22.81 ± 6.24)%] were lower than those of the ICM group [(54.61 ± 6.58)%, (30.71 ± 4.29)%, t = - 6.957, - 5.976, all P < 0.01]. Diffuse hypokinetic motion of LV reduced in 85.7%(36/42) of CKD patients, and 83.9%(26/31) of ICM patients had segmental LV dyskinesia. Slight regurgitation of single valve was common in ICM group , but several regurgitation of multiple valves were more common in CKD group. Conclusion Echocardiography is a valuable noninvasive technology for differentiating CKD and ICM.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by genetic heterogeneity and is a common secondary hematological malignancy. Many studies have revealed that variation in the number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is related to the degree of MM malignancy. Advances in molecular biology technologies, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization, high-throughput sequencing, gene microarrays, and qRT-PCR, have furthered research into cytogenetic malfunction in MM. Eleven newly discovered lncRNAs in MM have been fully interpreted according to the different mechanisms of MM and have the potential to be promising biomarkers for MM diagnosis and therapy.