Objective To investigate the protective effect of the first window(FW)of liver ischemic preconditioning(IPC),the second window(SW) of remote(leg) ischemic preconditioning(RPC) and conbined applications of liver and lges IPC to against liver ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury in the rat,and to investigate the mechanism of the protection.Methods Rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=8 each):(1) Sham group(S group),rats without IPC,(2) Rats with 5 min IPC(IPC group);(3) Rat wiht both liver and lower limbs IPC and repeated three times(RPC group);(4) IPC 24 h after RPC group;(5) IR without IP(I/R group);except S group,the rats were subjected to 60 min sustained liver ischemia followed by 180 min reperfusion.All ischemia rats were only subjected to 70% liver ischemia.Finally,blood and liver samples were obtained to determine the activity of ALT and AST,the expressions of TNF-? and HSP70 protein,and liver wet/dry weight(W/D) and pathology.Results All IPC group and RPC group and IPC+RPC group had obviously lower levels of ALT,AST,W/D,TNF-? than that of the I/R group(P0.05).Conclusions The FW of the IPC,the SW of the RPC and combined applications can lessen hepatic I/R injury.There is no significant difference in the protective intensity of the 3 motheds.The protective effects possibly are due to suppression of TNF-? production,induction of protein HSP70 expression and improvement of liver microcirculation.

OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC method for investigating the stability of mandelonitrile in commonly used solvents and quantitation determination of mandelonitrile in Jian’er Qingjie mixture. METHODS The assay was performed on an Agilent TC-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid(23∶27) pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min–1. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 207 nm. The stability of the mandelonitrile solution prepared with solvents such as methanol, 95% ethanol, acetonitrile, water, phosphoric acid solution with pH 2.0−6.0, and acetonitrile solution containing 1.0% glacial acetic acid was investigated using the peak reduction rate as the indicator. RESULTS Mandelonitrile was labile in methanol, 95% ethanol or water and relatively stable in acetonitrile. The standard solutions of mandelonitrile prepared with phosphoric acid solutions at pH 2.0−3.5 or acetonitrile containing 1.0% glacial acetic acid were stable in 12 h. The linear range of mandelonitrile was 1.033−294.987 µg·mL–1(r=0.999 9) and the average recovery was 97.4% with RSD of 0.6%(n=9). The content range of mandelonitrile in 16 batches of Jian’er Qingjie mixture produced by 5 manufactures was 3.854−154.578 µg·mL–1. CONCLUSION The established method is simple and accurate. It can be used for the quality control of Jian’er Qingjie mixture. For almond aromatic water and its preparations, the influence of solvent on stability of mandelonitrile should be noticed.