OBJECTIVE: To discuss the focus of the legislative protective of Chinese traditional medicine. METHODS: The key elements in the legislative protective of Chinese traditional medicine were analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Chinese traditional medicine literature, Chinese herbal medicine resources and medicinal genetic resources should be considered as the key elements in the legislative protective of Chinese traditional medicine.

BACKGROUND:Rena gel and expansive sponge are two kinds of nasal packing materials, but there is stil a lack of comprehensive analysis on their filing effects.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the therapeutic efficacy of Rena gel and expansive sponge on nasal hemorrhage and postoperative nasal packing as wel as adverse reactions.
METHODS: A computer-based search of CBM, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library was performed for articles addressing randomized controled trials of Rena gel and expansive sponge as filing materials. The keywords were “Rena gel, randomized controled, expansive sponge” in Chinese and English, respectively. Then, aching feeling during filing and removal, sweling pain, bleeding, and bleeding control were compared and analyzed through a Meta-analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were four randomized controled trials, involving 115 patients. The severity of pain was higher in the expansive sponge group than the Rena gel group when the filing materials were placed or removed (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the severity of pain between the two groups at 6 hours of filing (P > 0.05). The severity of sweling pain was higher in the expansive sponge group than the Rena gel group at 1 and 6 hours after filing (P < 0.05). When the filing materials were removed, the expansive group showed more severe bleeding than the Rena gel group (P < 0.05). No differences in the bleeding when filing and bleeding control were found between the two groups (P> 0.05). In addition, it was more difficult to fil or remove the expansive sponge from the nasal cavity (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the Rena gel is superior to the expansive sponge in terms of pain, sweling pain, and bleeding when filing or removing the materials. But there is no difference in bleeding control between the two kinds of filing materials.

To establish a method of directional differentiation and efficient production of neurons from embryonic stem cells (ES cells) in vitro, based on the 4-/4+ protocol described by Bain, a new method was established to induce ES cells differentiating into neurons by means of three-step differentiation using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) in Vitro. The totipotency of ES cells was identified by observation of cells' morphology and formations of teratoma in immunocompromised mice. The cells' differentiation was evaluated continuously by the detection of the specific cellular markers of neural stem cells, neurons and astrocytes, including nestin, NSE and GFAP using immunohistochemistry assay. The NSE positive cells' ratio of the differentiated cells was determined by flow cytometry. It was found that the transparent circular clusters surrounding embryoid bodies induced with combining induction protocol formed just after 24 h and gradually enlarged later. This phenomenon could not be observed in EBs induced only by ATRA. The NSE positive cells' ratio in the cells induced with ATRA and ACM was higher than that of the cells induced by ATRA at different time points of differentiation, and finally reached up to 73.5% among the total differentiated population. It was concluded that ES cells could be induced into neurons with high purity and yield by means of inducing method combining with ATRA and ACM.
Astrocytes/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Neurons/*cytology ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Tretinoin/pharmacology

ObjectiveTo investigate the consistency between the results of passive particle agglutination test ( PPA ) and ELISA on Mycoplasma pneumonia ( M.pneumonia ) infection.Study the diagnostic value of both assays.Methods From November 2010 to May 2011,the serum samples of ]191 patients with respiratorysymptoms were collected fromAffiliatedHospitalof JiningMedical University.All samples were tested for antibody levels against M.pneumonia using PPA,and for IgM,IgG,IgA subclass using ELISA.The correlation between the results of two methods was evaluated by Kappa test and Spearman rank correlation analysis.The variances of the antibody subclasses among samples with different PPA titers and different age groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test.The infection status of patients was analyzed based on ELISA results and the clinical relevance of both assays was evaluated in comparison with clinical diagnosis for samples with high PPA titer.ResultsThe level of agreement between the results of PPA and ELISA was 84.3％,with Kappa value of 0.642 ( P ＜0.01 ).The prevalence of IgM and IgA antibody against M.pneumonia was significantly different among samples with various PPA titers ( P ＜0.05 ).The prevalence of IgM subclass was higher in chill and teeuager groups,while that of IgA and IgG were higher in elderly group.Antibody isotyping results suggested that 58.1％ of PPA positive samples (75 cases),especially 96.4％ of samples with high PPA titer ( 27 cases),were of current infection,which was in consistent with clinical diagnosis.ConclusionPPA showed good consistency with ELISA on diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumonia infection.Antibody subclass determination hy ELISA indicates disease progression,thus to differentiate current infection from past.

Objective To discuss the clinical outcome of the modified super large dorsal metacarpal artery flap in reconstruction of circumferential fingertip avulsion. Methods Twenty-four patients with circumferential fingertip avulsion were treated by the modified super large dorsal metacarpal artery flap from January 2004 to August 2008. There were six index fingers, 11 middle fingers, five ring fingers and two little fingers with surface defects beyond the distal interphalangeal joint and the distal degloving length ranged from 0.8 cm to 3.1 cm. Emergency operation was performed on 22 fingers and stage Ⅱ surgery was done for distal skin necrosis of two fingers. Results Twenty-one patients with 21 fingers were followed up for 6-28 months, which showed that all flaps survived, with satisfactory appearance and function, and that the point discrimination of flap was for 6-9 mm ( average 7.6 mm). Conclusion Modified super large dorsal metacarpal artery flap is an ideal method for reconstruction of the circumferential fingertip avulsion with advantages of easiness, convenience and short treatment period.

In this study,the intestinal microbial flora diversity of adult and young African lions in the same breeding environment was detected by PCR-DGGE technique.Total bacterial DNA was extracted and 16S rDNA V3 region was amplified,then conducting PCR-DGGE.Subsequently,the specific bands of DGGE were cloned and sequenced.The bacterial species were identified by comparing the sequence through BLAST.The results indicated that the intestinal microbial flora of adult African lions includes Clostridium,Lachnospiraceae bacterium,Anaerovorax,Lactococcus,Peptostreptococcus and Blautia.While the intestinal microbial flora of young African lions is lesser,most bacteria are common to adult and young lions,such as Bacteroidetes bacterium and rumen bacterium.The UPGMA clustering analysis of the DGGE fingerprint showed the similarities of the bacteria structures between adult and young African lions were only 34％.These results revealed that the intestinal microbial flora has significant difference in different stages of African lions.This study lays a foundation for the development of microecological agents in different growth stages of wild animals.

A high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric ( HPLC-MS/MS ) method was developed for the determination of seven perfluorinated alkyl acidin ( C4-C10 ) and perfluorooctane sulfonate in water. After the particulate was removed by leaching, surrogate standard was added, then the sample was loading to a pre-conditioned WAX cartridge for purification, and then the eluent was concentrated and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Due to the situation that the fluoride polymer was unavoidable to be used in the LC system, a delay column was employed and the perfluorooctanoic acid ( PFOA ) of interference was departed from the PFOA in sample. The method detection limit ( MDL) of PFOA was 0. 8 ng/L, and the lowest quantitative concentration (LQC) was 3. 2 ng/L. For other compounds, the MDL was ranged from 0. 2 to 1. 2 ng/L, and the LQC was 0. 8-4. 8 ng/L. This method also had good reproducibility, for six duplicated samples, the relative standard deviations ( RSD ) of all target compounds were less than 16%. And the recoveries of target compounds at six spiked matrix samples ranged from 87% to 129%, and the RSD were less than 15%. Because of the connection of delay column, the background was well controlled, and a relatively lower MDL were obtained.

The 53rd annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) was held in Chicago,United States between June 2 and 6,2017.The latest advances in biliary tract cancer research from this meeting were summarized and analyzed in this paper.The adjuvant therapy in biliary tract cancer made a breakthrough in this meeting,the findings could provide the basis for a new standard of changing the current management model in the disease.The precision medicine and targeted therapy will be the development direction in the future.Doctors should attach great importance to the adjuvant and comprehensive therapy in biliary tract cancer and initiate high level multi-center clinical trials to improve the overall the diagnostic and treatment levels of biliary tract cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of interfering the nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1(NMNAT1)gene in Parkinson's disease(PD)mouse models. Methods Thirty mice were randomly assigned to three groups: the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)group, the small interfering nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (siNMNAT1)+MPTP group, and the control group, with 10 mice in each group.After injecting siRNA-green fluorescent protein(GFP)lentivirals directly into substantia nigra(SN),mice received intraperitoneal injections of MPTP, which was the siNMNAT1 +MPTP group.While the MPTP group was only with injections of MPTP,and the control group was with neither siRNA nor MPTP.Then we assessed the motor coordination ability firstly.To observe the variation of nigrostriatal pathway, the counts of dopamanergic neurons in SN were measured by tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)immunofluorescence staining.And the expression of TH in striatum, which was used to estimate the dopaminergic neurons axonal variation, was analyzed by RT-PCR.Then the expression of TH, SOD1, Bcl2, Bax, Bcl2/Bax in SN was estimated through Western blotting.Results Compared with the control group,the siNMNAT1+MPTP group and the MPTP group decreased significantly in motor coordination ability(creep down time: siNMNAT1 +MPTP group(62.8 ±15.7)s,MPTP group(77.9 ±13.5)s, control group(122.0 ±25.2)s), dopamanergic neuron counts(siNMNAT1 +MPTP group 45.0 ±6.7, MPTP group 68.0 ±11.3, control group 93.0 ± 12.8)and the striatal TH expression(Creep down time: t=-6.291, P=0.000; t=-4.865, P=0.000.Dopamanergic neuron counts:t=-10.482,P=0.000;t=-4.624, P=0.000.TH expression:t=-9.117,P=0.000;t=-5.716, P=0.000).Although the siNMNAT1+MPTP group showed lower coordination ability than the MPTP group, there was no statistically significant difference.Whereas the counts of dopamanergic neurons in SN(t=-5.487, P=0.000), the expression of TH in striatum(t=-5.146,P=0.003),SOD1(t=-4.143, P=0.001)and Bcl2/Bax(t=-6.303, P=0.000)were obviously decreased in the siNMNAT1+MPTP group,in which Bax increased significantly(t=3.550,P=0.002).Conclusions Interfering the expression of NMNAT1 aggravated the neurodegeneration in PD, and the mechanism might be related to oxidative stress and programmed cell death.

Objective: To investigate the effect of repairing the skin and soft tissue defects of foot with the anterior tibial artery perforator flap. Methods: Nine patients received the operation using the anterior tibial artery periosteal perforator flap to repair distal foot lesion with skin and soft tissue defects.There were six males and three females.All cases were the distal foot defects of skin and soft tissue with tendon and bone exposure, including traffic accident injury in 5 cases, crush injury in 3 cases, other causes of injury in 1 case. The defects ranged from 5 cm×3 cm to 9 cm×6 cm. The flaps ranged from 7 cm×5 cm—11 cm×8 cm. The donor sites were repaired with direct suture or full-thickness skin grafts. Results: All the flaps were survived, without vascular crisis, congestion and blisters. 1 case had partial necrosis of flap margin, which was cured after dressing. All cases were followed up for 6 months to 34 months(mean 18 months). The appearance and function recovery of flaps were satisfactory. Conclusions It is an ideal flap donor site for repairing soft tissue defects of the distal foot with the anterior tibial artery perforator flap, which has the advantages of simple operation, less trauma, high skin flap survival rate and good appearance.