Five grams of urea and two milliliters of corn syrup were added into 1 liter ethanoldistilled wastewater with 8% solid dregs The activity of acid resistant ? amylase and glucoamylase produced by inoculated Aspergillus kawachii genetic engineering strain TR12 in the transformed liquid reached a level of 13 42U/mL and 246U/mL respectively after fermentation at 32℃ by the shaking flask for 70 hours The transformed liquid was circularly applied to the ethanol ingredient process without cooking room, not only it didn't influence the ethanol output and quality, but also it could efficiently reduce the pollution of ethanol distilled wastewater and the cost of ethanol production

Objective To investigate the feasibility of restoration of cartilage defect with silk fibrin/chitosan(SF-CS)biological scaffold compound by induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)in the elderly rabbits.Methods BMSCs were extracted,cultured and induced to differentiate,then inoculated into SF-CS three-dimensional scaffold restoration.54 rabbits(aged 16-18months)were divided into scaffold restoration,single scaffold and control groups(n=18 per group).The right knee joint was used for building cartilage defect model and implanted by scaffolds.General observation,tissue staining and modified Wakitani histological scoring were performed at 4,8 and 12weeks after operation.Results SF-CS scaffold was structured by multiple interlinked pores.The average pore size was 151.72 μm.The porosity was(92.72±4.78)％.The imbibition rate was (141.10± 6.87)％.BMSCs was grown well and proliferated dynamically in SF-CS scaffold after induction.At 12 weeks,the cartilage defect was basically repaired,type Ⅱ collagen was positively expressed and the scaffold was almost assimilated in scaffold restoration group.In single scaffold group,the cartilage defect was repaired mainly by fiber tissue,type Ⅱ collagen was less expressed and the scaffold almost degraded while the cartilage defect was repaired badly in control group.The scaffold restoration group was superior to single scaffold and control groups(P＜0.05)in improving the Wakitani score.Conclusions The SF-CS scaffold as BMSCs carrier may restore cartilage defect in knee joint of the elderly rabbits.

Objective To explore the clinical value of expression of CEA and CK-20 detected by flow cytometry (FCM) in peritoneal washes on predicting peritoneal metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinama.Methods Clinicopathological characteristics and follow up data of 105 patients with gastric carcinoma who were underwent D2 radical resection (R0) were collected.Peritoneal washes was collected.Peritoneal lavage cytology examination (PLC) was used to find intraperitoneal free cancer cells (IFCC).FCM was used to determine the CEA and CK-20 expressions.Meanwhile,13 patients with benign lesion on the stomach and the gastric carcinama cell line SGC-7901 were served as the negative and positive control,respectively.Results Positive expression of CEA was in 48 (45.7 ％) patients,of CK-20 was found in 67 (63.8 ％) patients,and of CEA and CK-20 was in 85 (81.0 ％) patients by FCM.However,positive expression of IFCCs was found in 31 patients(29.5 ％) by PLC.The expression of CEA and CK-20 were related to serosa invasion,lymphnode metastasis and pTNM stage (P ＜ 0.05).The median survival of patients with negative expression of both CEA and CK-20 (n =20) was significantly longer those with positive expression (n =30)(52 vs 18 months,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Combined Detection of CEA and CK-20 in peritoneal washes by FCM can be used to predict peritoneal micrometastasis and may predict the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.

We developed and designed a new type of artificial trachea. The basic structure of the artificial trachea was polytetrafluoroethylene vascular prosthesis linked with titanium rings on both sides. Dualmesh was sutured on titanium rings. This experimentation follows the replacement of trachea in dogs with a combined artificial trachea to investigate the feasibility of this type of prosthesis. Sixteen dogs were implanted with the combined artificial trachea after resection of 5 cm of cervical trachea. The 5 cm-long trachea of dogs on the necks were resected and the reconstruction of the defect of the trachea was performed with trachea prosthesis. According to the method of trachea reconstruction, the models were divided into 2 groups, artificial trachea implantation group (the control group, n = 8) and group of artificial trachea implantation with growth factor (the experimental group, n = 8). Then computer tomography scan (CT), bronchoscope and pathologic examination were conducted periodically to observe the healing state of the hybrid artificial trachea. None of the dogs died during operation of cervical segmental trachea construction. But four dogs in the control group died of apnea in succession because artificial trachea was displaced and the lumen was obstructed, while 2 dogs died in the experimental group. In the first month there was granulation around anastomosis with slight stenosis. The rest of dogs were well alive until they were sacrificed 14 months later. The mean survival time of the experimental group was longer than that of the control group. The rate of infection, anastomotic dehiscence, severe stenosis and accidental death in the experimental group were lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Artificial trachea was encapsulated by fibrous tissue and no mucous membrane was seen in the lumen of the artificial trachea. The artificial trachea can be used to reconstruction of the defect of the trachea with long-term survival of the animals. The unique design of artificial trachea reduces stenosis around anastomosis effectively but infections and split or displacement of the artificial trachea are still major problems affecting long-term survival of the animals. Application of growth factors to a certain extent promotes tissue healing by changing the local environment.
Animals ; Artificial Organs ; Dogs ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthesis Design ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Titanium ; Trachea ; surgery

BACKGROUND:The low oxygen environment after femoral fracture and cerebral trauma wil induce series of related cytokines expression, including hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1, which play key roles in regulating bone healing. However, whether the accelerated bone healing is correlated with the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1 is stil unknown.
OBJECTIVE:To construct rat models of brain injury, to compare the expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1 in femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma rats and simple femoral fracture rats, and to assess the influence of cerebral trauma on bone healing.
METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into blank group, simple femoral fracture group and femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma group. At 1, 2, 3 and 5 weeks after modeling, rats were executed. Bone healing was evaluated using femoral fracture end X-ray score and hematoxylin and eosin staining at cal us tissues. Besides, the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1 of three groups were determined with immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone healing in the femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma group was better than that of simple femoral fracture group. There was significant difference in the expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1 between the simple femoral fracture group and femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma group (P<0.05). At the same time, the level of simple femoral fracture group and femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma group was significantly higher than that of blank group, and that in femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma group was significantly higher than that of simple femoral fracture group (P<0.05). Results verified that the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand core binding factorα1 of rats with femoral fracture combined with cerebral trauma were significantly high, which may be the major reason why the bone healing was accelerated after fracture combined with brain injury.

Objective To assess the therapeutic value of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined 125iodine seed implantation for primary hepatic carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus.Methods The data of 23 patients ranging from 34 to 70 years old [ average age ( 56 ± 8) years ] with primary hepatic carcinoma with portal vein tumor thromhosis of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ were retrospectively collected.The tumor number of liver parenchyma ranged from 1to 15 ( median number 4).The average diameter of tumor thrombus was (20.5 ± 1.5 ) mm and average length was ( 37.4 ± 2.6 ) mm.All of the tumors of liver parenchyma in 23 patients were treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and tumor thrombus were treated with 125iodine seed implantation.Before the 125iodine seed implantation,the formula dosage,the number,the spatial distribution,the intensity of radioactivity and the matched peripheral dosage of seed were calculated by treatment planning system (TPS).Then the 125iodine seeds were implanted in different levels and locations of port vein thrombosis under CT guided.Results The follow-up period ranged from 1to 26 months.The times of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization were 1to six times (median time 3.1±0.4) and the 125iodine seed implantation in the port vein thrombosis were 1to 2 times ( median time 1.4 ± 0.5 ).The numbers of implanted 125iodine seeds were 4 to 17 ( median number 7.0 ± 1.0).The median survival time was 18.0 months (3-24 months).The 3,6 and 12 months survival rates were 91.3％ ( 21/23 ),69.6％ ( 16/23 ),and 60.9％ ( 14/23 ).There was no severe side-effect related to therapy.Conclusions Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined 125iodine seed implantation for portal vein tumor thrombosis could significantly prolong the median survival time of patient with primary hepatic carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis.

Objective:To investigate the correlations between perfused lung volumes, visual scores (using perfusion SPECT/CT) and right-heart catheter (RHC) hemodynamic parameters in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).Methods:A total of 51 consecutive CTEPH patients (17 males, 34 females, age (59±12) years) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between March 2015 and July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent lung perfusion SPECT/CT imaging and RHC examinations. Perfused lung volumes were determined using threshold-based (15%-85%) segmentation. Visual semiquantitative scoring in each lung segment was performed using Begic method. RHC hemodynamic parameters including pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure (PADP), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), pulmonary arteriolar wedge pressure (PAWP), pulmonary vessel resistance (PVR), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI) were recorded. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between perfused lung volumes, visual scores and hemodynamic parameters.Results:There were significant correlations between perfused lung volumes (30%-70% threshold) and mPAP ( rs values: from -0.414 to -0.302, all P<0.05). Among them, perfused lung volumes under the threshold of 40% and 45% were moderately correlated with mPAP ( rs values: -0.414, -0.412, both P<0.05). Perfused lung volume (40% threshold) was moderately negatively correlated with PASP, PADP ( rs values: -0.402, -0.440, both P<0.05), and slightly negatively correlated with PVR ( rs=-0.352, P<0.05). Visual scores were slightly positively correlated with the PADP ( rs=0.311, P<0.05), while there was no correlation between visual scores and other RHC hemodynamic parameters ( rs values: from -0.201 to 0.275, all P>0.05). Conclusion:Perfused lung volumes based on threshold-based segmentation in lung perfusion SPECT/CT imaging can accurately reflect hemodynamic status and may provide useful information for severity assessment of CTEPH.

Objective To analysis the clinicopathological features of skip N2 metastasis in NSCLC in our clinical center,therefore guide for clinical decision making for NSCLC patients.Methods A total of 120 NSCLC patients with N2 metastasis treated by surgery were enrolled from January 2017 to May 2018,of which 55 were males and 65 were females.The mean age of them were (58.36 ± 11.34) years old.36 patients had skip N2 metastasis,accounting for 30％ of patients with N2 metastasis.48 patients had a history of smoking or a definitive history of second-hand smoke exposure,compared with other 72 patients.Collected pre-and post-operation clinical data of those patients,and carried out relevant statistical analysis.Results Among the NSCLC with skip N2 metastasis,it occulted more frequently in right lower lobe and peripheral lung cancer.The main pathological type was adenocarcinoma with acinar subtype.The most cases of skip N2 metastasis were characterized by single N2 station metastasis.Age of patients showed a significant difference between the two groups(P =0.049).Gender,smoking history,T staging of lung cancer,pathological type and involvement of pulmonary membrane showed no statistic difference between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Patient with skip N2 metastasis seemed to be elder,and the lesions of those patients were more likely to be lung adenocarcinoma in the right lower lobe and peripheral lung cancer,often involved single N2 station.The lung cancer in right upper lobe often skipped to level R2 + R4,which in right middle lobe often skipped to levels R2 + R4 and 7,in right and left lower lobes skipped to level 7,in the left upper lobe often skipped to level 5.

Objective To evaluate the diagnose value of nonenhanced electrocardiogram (ECG)?gated quiescent?interval single?shot MR angiography (QISS MRA) in lower extremity arterial stenosis. Methods A retrospective analysis of 30 patients with lower extremity ischemic manifestations and concurrent lower extremity arterial CTA and QISS MRA was performed from April to December 2017 at the Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. All patients underwent CTA and ECG?gated non?contrast?enhanced QISS MRA. The entire lower extremity arteries were divided into 19 segments (lower abdominal aorta, common iliac artery, internal iliac artery, external iliac artery, superficial femoral artery, deep femoral artery, radial artery, anterior tibialis anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, radial artery). Two radiologists scored QISS MRA and CTA image quality using a 4?point scale and assessed the severity of arterial stenosis. Kappa analysis was used to evaluate the degree of stenosis of different examination methods in the same patient and the consistency of the scores of different radiologsts in the same patient. Result A total of 570 vessel segments were collected from 30 patients. The image quality of 560/570 (98.2%) and 548/570 (96.1%) of radiologist 1 was rated as excellent or good by CTA and QISS?MRA (grades 3 and 4), and 561/570 (98.4% of radiologist 2) The image quality of the segment and the 544/570 (95.4%) segment were rated as excellent or good by CTA and QISS?MRA, respectively. The image quality scores of radiologist 1 to CTA and QISS MRA were (3.87±0.38) and (3.70± 0.53), respectively, and radiologist 2 were (3.86±0.40) and (3.68±0.54) respectively. On the QISS?MRA, only 7 of the 570 segments (1.2%, 7/570) obtained images that could not satisfy the diagnostic image quality. The two radiologists used CTA and QISS MRA to evaluate the consistency of different degrees of vascular stenosis. The radiologist 1 evaluated the Kappa value of CTA and QISS MRA between 0.714 and 0.939 for different degrees of vascular stenosis. Radiologist 2 had a Kappa value of 0.603 to 0.939. QISS MRA was used to evaluate the consistency of vascular stenosis in different segments between the two radiologists. The Kappa value ranged from 0.813 to 0.933. Conclusion QISS?MRA is of great value in the diagnosis of lower extremity arterial stenosis.

Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/surgery* ; Learning Curve ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Pulmonary Embolism/therapy* ; Chronic Disease ; Pulmonary Artery/surgery*