IEEE Std 1708-2014 breaks through the traditional standards of cuff based blood pressure measuring devices and establishes a normative definition of wearable cuffless blood pressure measuring devices and the objective performance evaluation of this kind of devices. This study firstly introduces the background of the new standard. Then, the standard details will be described, and the impact of cuffless blood pressure measuring devices with the new standard on manufacturers and end users will be addressed.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; standards ; Humans ; Reference Standards ; Telemedicine

Objective To analysis the family management of patients with serious mental illness in Gansu prov-ince, and evaluate its effectiveness to lay the foundation for the better community-based rehabilitation management and treatment for the people with serious mental illness. Method According to Treatment-management specification of severe mental illness (2012) and specification of national basic public health services (2011), the information such as home ther-apy, medicine taken, and dangerous behavior happened were collected from patients who were confirmed as serious men-tal illness in January 2015 to April 2016 in Gansu province. Result Up to April 30th, 2016, totally 70538 serious mental illnesses were identified, and about 81.10%(57195) were under management. The rate of treatment of serious mental ill-ness was 69.9%(48009/68663) in Gansu province, and Bipolar affective disorder (76.0%) was the highest (P<0.001). The rate of taking medication in patients under family-management was 42.16%(24113/57195), and the rate of taking regular medication was 24.74%(14150/57195). The rate of taking medication in Paranoiac psychosis patients (51.98%) was the highest (P<0.001), and the rate of taking regular medication in Mental disorders caused by epilepsy (31.02%) was the highest (P<0.001). Conclusion The rate of family-management, treatment, taking medication and take regular medica-tion of serious mental illness in Gansu province are all below the national average level. A special training should be giv-en to medical professionals to strengthen their capacity to treat serious mental illness.

Objective To explore the correlation between B lymphocyte activation and CD154 expression and lupus anticoagulants (LAC) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Sixty newly diagnosed SLE patients (SLE group) and 32 healthy controls (control group) were involved. The expressions of CD27 and CD154 in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry, and the positive expression rates were computed. The LAC was determined by activated partial thromboplastin time, and the LAC ratio > 1.20 was positive. Results The positive rate of CD27, expression intensity of CD27, positive rate of CD154 and expression intensity of CD154 in SLE group were significantly higher than those in control group: 0.047 ± 0.021 vs. 0.035 ± 0.014, 0.387 ± 0.185 vs. 0.214 ± 0.091, 0.191 ± 0.108 vs. 0.101 ± 0.081 and 0.049 ± 0.018 vs. 0.022 ± 0.012, and there were statistical difference (P<0.05 or <0.01). Among patients with SLE, the LAC positive was in 28 cases, and the LAC negative was in 32 cases. The positive rate of CD27, expression intensity of CD27, positive rate of CD154 and expression intensity of CD154 in SLE patients with LAC positive were significantly higher than those in SLE patients with LAC negative: 0.055 ± 0.023 vs. 0.037 ± 0.014, 0.444 ± 0.179 vs. 0.329 ± 0.123, 0.218 ± 0.101 vs. 0.158 ± 0.044 and 0.058 ± 0.035 vs. 0.020 ± 0.009, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions The B lymphocyte activation and CD154 abnormal expression correlates with generation of LAC in patients with SLE. It provides a basis for the further study on intervening the generation of LAC and reducing the risk of thromboembolism.

Objective To study the Val247Leu and Trp316Ser polymorphisms of β2-glycoprotein Ⅰ(β2GPⅠ) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and their associations with antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombotic complications.Methods We used DNA sequencing to detect the polymorphisms of Val247Leu and Trp316Ser in 378 SLE patients and 240 normal controls.Anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibodies and anticardiolipin (ACA) were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Lupus-type anticoagulants(LAC) was performed by diluted Russell's Viper Venom Test.Then the patient group was further analyzed according to APLs (Anti-β2GP Ⅰ antibody,LAC and ACA),thrombosis and obstetrical complications using Logistic regression analysis to confirm whether there are associations between β2GPⅠpolymorphism and those factors.Results For Va1247Leu,the predominant genotype was LL in healthy controls which accounted for 57.08％,while it was VL in SLE patients which accounted for 59.5％ (x2=45.01,P=0.000).Frequency of VV genotype was significantly higher in patients with thrombosis,anti-β2GP Ⅰ,ACA and obstetrical complications (OR=6.79,3.75,2.12 and 3.85,respectively;P=0.000,0.001,0.044 and 0.017,respectively).Those patients with VL genotype tended to have positive anti-β2GPI,LAC,ACA,thrombosis and also obstetrical complications (OR=2.95,1.88,2.47,2.97 and 2.74,respectively;P=0.000,0.007,0.000,0.001 and 0.016,respectively) than those negative ones.The predominant genotype of Trp316Ser was TT,then TS.No correlations could be found between Trp316Ser polymorphism and APLs,neither relation to thrombosis complications.Conclusion The polymorphism of Val247Leu is significantly associated with the presence of APLs,thrombosis and obstetrical complications.Both VV and VL genotype are risk factors for the generation of APLs,occurrence of thrombosis and obstetrical complications.The VV genotype is a high risk factor for thrombosis.Trp316Ser polymorphism does not contribute to the APLs production and also have no correlations with thrombotic complication.

Objective To investigate the effect of infiltrated mast cells on the biological characteristics of uterine carcinoma.Methods Twelve leiomyomas,ten uncertain malignant uterine leiomyomas,and seven uterine leiomyosarcomas were studied with light microscopy for the morphometry about their histological feature,mast cell particle and factor Ⅷ-related antigen(FⅧRAg);Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry.The correlative analysis was carried out between the mast cell and others factors.Results Comparing with smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential(4209.9?273.0),the count of tumor cell was the highest in leiomyosarcoma(3557.6?346.3)(P

Objective To explore the quality of life and the related factors in adult epilepsy patients in rural areas of Gansu province. Methods The Quality of Life in the Epilepsy-31 Inventory Chinese version (QOLIE-31) were used to evaluate the quality of life in 154 epilepsy patients and 149 healthy controls. The relationship of demographic variables (gender, age, marital status, profession and education, etc.) and clinical variables (age of onset, duration, type of seizures, seizure frequency and medication, etc.) with the quality of life were analyzed in patients. Results Compared with the con?trol group, the QOLIE-31 score was significantly lower in epileptic group [(47.63±7.74) vs. (52.28±5.75), P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in the patients' QOLIE-31 score between difference ages, genders, marital status, occupa?tions, and educations (P>0.05). The differences of patients' QOLIE-31 score were significantly different between differ?ent incomes, medication types of epilepsy (P<0.05). The patient's family income (β=3.115, P=0.002) and the type of medi?cation (β=3.261, P=0.027) were factors affecting their quality of life. Conclusion The quality of life in adult patients with epilepsy is lower. Economic status of family and the number of drug type significantly affects the quality of life in patients. Reasonable drug choice to treat seizure and reduce the economic burden of the family are effective measures to improve the quality of life of patients with epilepsy.

Objective To use the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) as an example to identify anatomical features of the bridging veins(BVs) draining into the SSS in both susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and three dimensional contrast enhancement MR venography (3D-CEMRV) images.Methods A total of 20 healthy volunteers (40 sides) were examined in this study.The venograms of each patient was obtained from SWI (40 sides out of 20 volunteers) and 3D-CE MRV (40 sides out of 20 volunteers).The data were analyzed by t test.Results According to their draining location with respect to the SSS,bridging veins were devided into two groups.Between the anterior group and the posterior group were two segments of the SSS into which few bridging veins drained.Observed by 3D-CE MRV and SWI,the average numbers of the anterior group were 1.9 ± 0.6 and 3.2 + 0.8,respectively,and the average diameters of the anterior group were (3.4 ± 1.1 ) and (2.1 +0.5 ) mm,respectively.These differences between 3D-CE MRV and SWI images were significant ( t =11.23,9.76,P ＜0.0l ).Observed by 3D-CE MRV and SWI,the average numbers of the posterior group were 3.5 + 1.2 and 5.9 ± 1.1,respectively,and the average diameters of the posterior group were ( 3.7 ± 0.9 ) and ( 2.9 ± 0.7 ) mm,respectively.The differences between the two technique were significant as well ( t =11.51,8.47,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion The dural entrance of BVs into the SSS can be identified in both SWI and 3D-CE MRV images.The preoperative venogram by using 3D-CE MRV and SWI is useful to design a individual-tailored surgical approach for the preservation of BVs draining into SSS.SWI outweighs 3D-CE MRV in identifying anatomical features of the dural entrance of BVs into the SSS.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of body composition, dietary intake and vitamin D status of school-age wasting children, and to provide evidence for individual dietary intervention and nutrient supplement.Methods:From September to December 2019, we chose wasting children aged 6-10 years old in the nutrition clinic of Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, and a retrospective case-control study was adopted. To detect body composition and vitamin D level, and conduct dietary survey and assessment. The measurement data of normal distribution were compared by independent sample t-test. The relationship between the two variables was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Rank sum test was used to compare rank data.Results:A total of 60 subjects were studied, including 30 boys and 30 girls. The percentage of inorganic salt in boys (6.81±0.37)% is higher than that in girls (6.37±0.59)%, the difference was statistically significant ( t=7.75, P=0.009). Compared with the target values of normal children of the same age and gender, the contents of fat in boys ((2.39±1.25) kg and (4.20±0.95) kg, t=43.05, P<0.001), in girls ((2.66±1.20) kg and (4.91±1.41) kg, t=59.87, P<0.001); muscle in boys ((17.35±3.23) kg and (21.57±4.94) kg, t=16.89, P<0.001), in girls ((17.69±3.03) kg and (21.79±4.36) kg, t=20.97, P<0.001); total water in boys ((13.54±2.52) kg and (16.80±3.86) kg, t=16.51, P<0.001), in girls ((13.82±2.36) kg and (16.96±3.40) kg, t=20.20, P<0.001); protein in boys ((3.58±0.67) kg and (4.51±1.04) kg, t=18.68, P<0.001), in girls ((3.65±0.63) kg and (4.55±0.92) kg, t=24.55, P<0.001); inorganic salt in boys ((1.42±0.25) kg and (1.56±0.36) kg, t=4.28, P=0.036), in girls ((1.37±0.27) kg and (1.56±0.30) kg, t=8.24, P=0.006) were all significantly reduced. The total energy intake of all the children were lower than the recommended intake for children of the same age and gender. Among them, 70.00%(42/60) of children had insufficient energy intake for breakfast, 50.00% (30/60) for lunch and 40.00%(24/60) for dinner. In terms of energy intake of three macronutrients, 53.33%(32/60) of children were deficient in carbohydrate, 50.00%(30/60) in protein and 58.33%(35/60) in fat. The mean content of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was (46.95±14.53) nmol/L in male and (46.41±14.51) nmol/L in female, all of them had Vitamin Dinsufficiency. Conclusion:Wasting children should be tested for body composition and vitamin D levels, to get individualized dietary instruction and nutrient supplementation, and improve nutritional status.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C in the real world. MethodsA total of 35 patients with hepatitis C who received elbasvir/grazoprevir treatment in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Guangdong General Hospital from August 2018 to March 2019 were enrolled, treated for 12 weeks, and then followed up for 12 weeks after drug withdrawal. The patients were observed in terms of sustained virologic response at week 12 after drug withdrawal (SVR12), biochemical response, and incidence rate of adverse events during treatment and follow-up. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for further comparison between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for virologic response in patients with hepatitis C. ResultsAmong the 35 patients with HCV infection, 97.1% (34/35) had genotype 1b HCV and 2.9% (1/35) had genotype 1a HCV; of all patients, 28 (80%) were non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C and 7 (20%) had compensated liver cirrhosis. At the end of treatment, the virologic response rate of 100% (28/28) and SVR12 was 94.74% (18/19). In addition, age, sex, baseline HCV RNA load, previous treatment history, presence or absence of liver cirrhosis, renal function, and presence or absence of other diseases did not affect the treatment outcome (all P＞0.05). There were significant changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and albumin from baseline to the end of 12-week treatment (Z=-7.131, -6.797, -3.060, and -2.875, all P＜0.05). No patient experienced drug withdrawal during treatment. ConclusionThis study confirms that elbasvir/grazoprevir has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of hepatitis C in domestic real-world studies.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and the experience of multi-disciplinary team (MDT) on recurrence of primary hyperoxaluria (PH) type I after renal transplantation. Methods One case presenting with unexplained rapid decline of renal allograft function after allogeneic renal transplantation was discussed by MDT. The role of MDT in diagnosing rare hereditary diseases and improving the long-term survival of renal transplant recipients was summarized. Results After MDT consultation, the patient was diagnosed with recurrence of PH type I. Routine immunosuppressive regimen was initiated after the exclusion of rejection. The patient was instructed to drink a large quantity of water, and given with high-quality protein and low-phosphorus diet, vitamin B6, calcium and other conservative therapies to actively prevent and treat postoperative complications. The deterioration of renal graft function was delayed. Nevertheless, regular hemodialysis was resumed at 5 months after renal transplantation until the submission date of this manuscript. Conclusions Recurrence of PH type I after renal transplantation is relatively rare. The main clinical manifestations are recurrent kidney stones and decreased renal function with multiple complications and poor prognosis. The condition of the patient is consulted by MDT for confirming the diagnosis, determining the optimal treatment scheme, delaying the progression and improving the clinical prognosis.