A questionaire before class,an analysis and an interview after exam were applied to evaluate the effect of bilingual teaching in biochemistry to provide important experiences and directions for carrying out bibingual teaching in the future.

Objective To understand the implementation of preventive measures for iodine deficiency disorders among residents in Yunnan Province.Methods Iodized salt monitoring database and reports from states (cities) of Yunnan Province from 2011 to 2015 were collected,and the coverage rate of iodized salt,the quality of iodized salt,the rate of qualified iodized salt consumption were evaluated.Results From 2011 to 2015,at the province level,the coverage rate of iodized salt was ＞ 98％.The rate of qualified iodized salt consumption was ＞ 97％ from 2011 to 2012,and kept at higher than 95％ from 2013 to 2015.At the county level,the county (city,district) coverage rate of qualified iodized salt that ≥90％ accounted for 99.22％ (128/129),98.44％ (126/128),91.47％ (118/129),92.25％ (119/129) and 99.22％ (128/129).The constitute ratio of salt containing 18-33 mg/kg iodine increased year by year,from 64.07％ (24 297/37 923) in 2011 to 95.15％ (36 930/38 813) in 2015.Conclusions In recent years,measures for control of iodine deficiency disorders are implemented well in Yunnan Province.After production of new standard iodized salt in 2012,the rate of qualified iodized salt consumption is decreased.After the four-year transition period,the new standard iodized salt has covered over the whole province.To rectify salt market,improve quality of iodized salt and enhance monitoring quality in order to consolidate the control achievements is the focus of prevention work in the future.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status,the clinical features and the pathogens of invasive fungal infections in hospital in order to provide clinical treatment based on identification and susceptibility test.METHODS The fungus-cultured positive cases among the discharged patients from Jan 2004 to Nov 2006,were analyzed according to their definite diagnosis of invasive fungal infections under the items,such as the patients age,underlying disease,sample,strain,and species distribution.RESULTS The rates of invasive fungal infections were 4.26%.There were 2221 fungus strains belonged to 8 species in all samples;the patients age was 7-96 years with 2 kinds of various underlying diseases;the age of 2221 cases was 60 years old,mainly senile patients with various diseases accounted for 68.29%.Lower respiratory tract was the most frequent infection site.The main pathogens of invasive fungal infections were Candida spp(93.38%).Strains of Candida albicans were the most frequent organism isolated accounted for 66.19% of all the isolates.C.glabrata,C.krusei and C.tropicalis accounted for 9.19%,8.10% and 4.50%,respectively,the others accounted for only 6.32%.The main infected sites were lower respirtory tract,urinary tract and digestive tract.CONCLUSIONS Candida spp are still the main pathogens of invasive fungal infections.The epidemiological properties of invasive fungal infections is changed.The incidence of non-C.albicans and the Aspergillus strains that arouse invasive infections is increasing recently.

Objective To explore the technique of allocation and rebuilt of vessels of donor pancreas during pancreas-kidney transplantation.Methods Multiple abdominal organs were successfully retrieved from 40 donors.Results Excision of donor abdominal organs was successful in all the 40 cases.The average warm ischemic time was no 3.2 min,ranging from 2 min to 5 min.No injury occurred in any of the donor organs or vessels.After transplantation,2 patients lost the transplant,one because of abdominal infection,and the other because of venous thrombosis.Conclusion A good trim or rebuilt of donor pancreas vessels is one of the key points for successful combined pancreas-kidney transplantation.

According to the characteristics of the Laboratory Medicine and our twenty years' medical educational experience ,we explore to improve the quality of education and cultivate the students' practical ability and creative ability. And we construct an educational mode for clinical practice, laboratory medical practice and research project.

This paper summarizes that to strengthen the construction of national key disciplines Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic and build professional post-graduate education platform for innovation,the exploration and practice of reform have been done in Chongqing Medical University,in the teaching ranks and exercise disciplinary research direction to enhance the level of scientific research and laboratory construction.

Objective To explore the indications of simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) combined with end-stage renal disease by comparing the outcome of patients with type 1 and type 2 DM combined with end-stage renal disease after renal transplantation.Methods 109 patients accepting SPK from January 2008 to July 2016 in our center were divided into two groups according to the types of DM:T1DM (n =36),and T2DM (n =73).The basic characteristics of recipients,outcome,and pancreas and kidney functions after operation were compared between two groups.Results There was no significant difference in 5-year survival rate and surgical complications between two groups although recipients of T2DM group were older and had higher BMI than T1DM group.But rejection rate was higher in T1DM group.Conclusion SPK for T2DM recipients will not increase the surgical risk and can get good long-term outcome.

Objective To explore the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) in normal endometrium, atypical hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma. We aimed to study the relationship of MMP-3 and MMP-10 expressions with infiltration depth, histologic grade and clinical phase in order to explore the role of MMP-3 and MMP-10 in the occurrence, infiltration and metastasis of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Methods The expressions of MMP-3 and MMP-10 were measured by immunohistochemistry in 12 cases of normal endometrium, 12 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 42 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Results The expression of MMP-3 was 73.8% (31/42), 25.0% (3/12) and 8.3% (1/12) in endometrial adenocarcinoma, atypical hyperplasia and normal endometrium, respectively, whereas the expression of MMP-10 was 76.2% (32/42), 33.3% (4/12) and 0(0/12), respectively. Both MMP-3 and MMP-10 expressions exhibited a pattern of decreased intensity in endometrial carcinoma, atypical hyperplasia and normal endometrium. Furthermore, the statistical analysis showed that the expression of both proteins was significantly greater in endometrial carcinoma than in atypical hyperplasia and normal tissue (P<0.01). Expressions of MMP-3 and MMP-10 had a significant correlation with such clinical parameters as histologic grade, depth of myometrial infiltration and clinical stage (P<0.01). Conclusion MMP-3 and MMP-10 can be used as tumor markers of endometrial carcinoma, and the combined detection of them can increase the detection rate of endometrial carcinoma.

Objective To explore the technology of excision,and finishing on donative pancreas during combined pancreas-kidney transplantation.Methods We successfully harvested multiple abdominal organs together on 40 cases.Wide surgical exposure was obtained.Cannulas were placed for in situ cooling in portal vein and abdominal aorta,and flushed with HC-A (2000 ml) and UW (1000 ml) with the pressure being 10 cm H2O.The intestine was flushed with 0～4 ( normal saline (1000 ml) and metronidazole (200 ml),the liver,kidney,pancreas,spleen and duodenum were en bloc excised and isolated,and the pancreas and kidney were pruned.Results Excision of donative abdominal organ was successfully performed on all 40 cases.The en bloc warm ischemic time was 3.2 min (2～5 min).The cold ischemic time of pancreas was 10.6 h (8～15 h).The cold ischemic time of kidney was 8.5 h (4～16 h).Post-operation mean withdrawal-insulin time was 9.5 days (4～17 d),FFG 6.7 μmol/L (4.4～10.7 μmol/L),GHbA1c 4.4 ％ (4.1 ％～4.7 ％).Creatine was 87.2 (56～121) μmol/L one month after operation.There were 2 cases of DGF after operation,and the creatine level was returned to the normal within one month after operation.Conclusion Technology of excision,preservation and finishing on donative pancreas for combined pancreas-kidney transplantation was one of the key points for successful transplantation.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of tube flushing in donor duodenum to prevent the hematuria post combined pancreas-kidney transplantation(SPK)with pancreatic fluid drainage through bladder.Methods 18 cases of diabetic patients associated with end-stage renal disease were subjected to combined pancreas-kidney transplantation with pancreatic fluid drainage through bladder,within which 12 cases were pre-placed douche tube in donor duodenum,while the other six were not.As for the cases in group with the tube,T tube of No.10 was put in the donor duodenum through the abdominal wall and then bladder.After that the tube was fixed using 5-0 absorbable suture,then the bladder sutured if the tube was smooth confirmed by flushing with saline.After the operation,flushing was maintained using saline consecutively with the speed of 500 ml/h through the douche tubes of these 12 patients.Then the speed was changed to 250 ml/h 3 days later if the flushing fluid was limpid.One week later,changed to rinse intermittently and prolonged the flushing interval gradually.Till 14 days post the operation,flushing was ceased.After 2 days' survey,the urethral catheter was removed.As for the other 6 cases without douche tube,the urethral catheter was removed during 7-10 days after the operation if hematuria didn't occur.Results In the 12 cases with douche tube,there was only one patient(8.3 %,1/12)having slight hematuria on the 7th day after the cessation of the bladder washout.Through strengthening the flushing,the hematuria disappeared.The urethral catheter was removed on the 14th day after the operation and the hematuria never happened again.In the group without the douche tube,4 cases(66.7 %,4/6)had serious hematuria complicated with bladder obturation.The incidence of that was obviously higher than in the group with the douche tube(P＜0.05).Only one patient(1/12,8.3%)in the group of regular insertion of douche tube had urinary system infection,but in the group without the tube,the incidence of urinary system infection was 66.7 %(4/6)(P＜0.05).Conclusion The tube flushing in donor duodenum can significantly reduce the occurrence of hematuria after combined pancreas-kidney transplantation with pancreatic fluid drainage through bladder.