Objective To study low frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles to promote the transfection of P53 gene in human prostate cancer cells mediated by liposome.Methods Ultrasound equipment was used with a frequency of 21 kHz and intensity was 46 mW/cm2 and the working time was controlled at 20% (i.e.,2 s “on”time and 8 s “off”time)lasting 5 minutes.The human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 suspension was prepared,the cell concentration was adjusted to 1 × 10 5 cell/ ml,and cells were divided into 8 groups:control group,single microbubbles group,single ultrasound group,ultrasound combined with microbubbles group,single liposome group,liposome combined with microbubbles group, liposome combined with ultrasound group,liposome combined with ultrasound and microbubbles group. Each microbubbles group was added SonoVue 200 μl and the wild type P53 plasmid,plasmid∶liposome is 1 ∶2.At 24 hours after irradiation,Western-blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the gene transfection efficiency,CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation,then cell survival rate was calculated,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Results After transfection,compared with single liposome group and control group,liposomes combined with ultrasound and microbubbles group can significantly improve expression of the human wild type p53 gene and protein (P <0.001).After transfection,the apoptosis rate of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells in liposomes combined with ultrasound and microbubbles group was significantly higher than that of the liposome group and control group (P <0.001).And after transfection, cell survival rate of liposome combined with ultrasound and microbubble group decreased significantly than those of single liposome group and control group (P <0.001).Conclusions Low frequency and low energy ultrasound combined with microbubbles can promote the transfection of human wild-type P53 gene mediated by liposome.

Objective To synthesize a new-type thermosensitive liquid embolic material and to investigate the feasibility of using this material to occlude cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).Methods The copolymer was synthesized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N-n-propylacrylamide (NNPAM),and it's physical and biological properties were estimated.The embolization of AVMs model in vitro by using this copolymer was conducted and the results were analyzed.Results The new-type copolymer possessed unique thermal behavior of lower critical soluble temperature (LCST),and it was water-soluble and non-adhesive with better biocompatibility.The successful embolization of AVMs model could be reliably obtained.Conclusion The copolymer synthesized by the authors is a new-type liquid embolic agent suitable for endovascular embolization of cerebral AVMs in vitro.Based on the results in experiment animals having been reported in medical literature,this copolymer can be further used in clinical research.

Objective To explore the indications and curative effect of minimally invasive pedicle screw fix-ation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures .Methods 10 patients with thoracolumbar fractures without neuro-logical damage and the need for vertebral lamina decompression were selected .Under the C arm,the disease vertebral and adjacent vertebral arch spikes were positioned ,four 2.5cm long incisions were done ,fixation and restoration were completed within four small incisions .Results All patients restored vertebral body height and protrusion deformity after correction.The operation time was about 2h,blood loss was 100~150mL.Conclusion The minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures is suitable for simple thoracolumbar fractures without neurological damage ,the need for patients with vertebral lamina decompression ,it has advantages of small trauma ,fas-ter postoperative recovery .

Objective: To study the effect of intervention aiming at parents on development of behavioral problem of children aged 2 years. Methods: Using retrospective design, 310 parents in project communities wore investigate with Achenbach children's behavior checklist (CBCL, China urban version) and correlating background questionnaire. The control group contains 191 parents from those communities with the same social economic status and health care service. Results: The prevalence of behavioral problem of toddlers in project communities was 48. 7% , which was lower than that in control ones (62. 8% , X2= 9. 49, P

Objective To analyse both micro level and macro level factors influencing maternal mortality in order to set the priority to lowering maternal mortality. Method The results of an analysis of maternal mortality were reported, based on a conceptual model that combines micro level and macro level variables taken from demographic, sociological and epidemiological research. Multi level analysis techniques were used to analyse the 1997 linked county level maternal death data and related county level social demographic and health resources data in 114 counties of 5 remote and poverty stricken provinces. Results The maternal mortality rate in research areas was as high as 159.3/100 000. The main factors influencing maternal mortality were institutional delivery rate, population density, percentage of minority population, and percentage of village without village doctor. Conclusion To advocate institutional delivery rate, to pay greater attention to minority and low population density area, and to standardised village doctors' responsibility are recommended strategies to lowering maternal mortality in remote and poverty stricken areas of China.

Objective To investigate the status of breastfeeding rate at discharging hospital and analyze influence of obstetrical service quality on breastfeeding rate, in order to improve the quality of obstetrical service and increase the breastfeeding rate. Methods A total number of 1 123 mothers who have 6~12 months babies were investigated through questionnaire including obstetrical service accepted, situation of breastfeeding rate at discharging hospital, mother's breastfeeding knowledge and behaviors with across-sectional method from August to October in 2000. Seven cities were chosen as the research site including Beijing, Changchun, Huhehaote, Xi'an, Luoyang, Kunming and Xiamen. The data were analyzed with SPSS/PC 10.0 statistical software. Results The exclusive breastfeeding rate was 52%, the full breastfeeding rate was 73% at discharging hospital. The influencing factors of breastfeeding rate at discharging hospital include mother's age, medical expenditure type, caesarean section, breastfeeding on demand, neonatal status, having milk bottle, feeding milk-powder and sweeten water in obstetrical wards, mother's breastfeeding knowledge and behavior, et al. Conclusions Breastfeeding rate at discharging hospital was low and it was related with quality of obstetrical service. So it is important to improve the quality of obstetrical service and health education on breastfeeding, in order to enhance the breastfeeding rate.

Objective To study the effect of PCR and bacterial culture in vaginal bacteria test.Methods A total of 84 patients were enrolled in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, affiliated hospital of Nankai university, from February 2014 to March 2016.Vaginal secretion was collected and tested by PCR(group A, n=42), and bacterial culture(group B, n=42).Vaginal bacteria test Resultswere compared in the two groups.ResultsEnterococcus were positive in 13 cases(30.95%)in group A, 3 cases(7.14%)in group B, gardnerella vaginalis were positive in 10 cases(23.81%)in group A, 19 cases(45.24%)in group B;Corynebacterium were positive in 13 cases(30.95%)in group A, 5 cases(11.91%)in group B.Negative rate of vaginal bacterial test was 14.29% in group A, 35.71% in group B.In the above data, the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion PCR test can effectively improve the positive rate of vaginal bacterial examination, and provide an objective basis for clinical treatment.

Objective To study whether ultrasound combined with microbubbles induces suppress invasion in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells PC-3 and to identify the probable mechanism.Methods Ultrasound with a frequency of 21 kHz and intensity of 46 mW/cm2 in continuous wave mode was used.Ultrasound combined with microbubbles (200 μl SonoVue) was used to treat androgen-independent human prostate cancer PC-3 cells for 30 seconds.PC-3 cells were divided into three groups:control group,ultrasound group and ultrasound combined with microbubbles group.Twelve hours after treatment,cell growth curve we drawn,and transwell chamber model was used to do cell invasion experiments in vitro.Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 messenger ribonucleic acid.Results Twelve hours after treatment,cell growth was not significant difference among three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Twelve hours after treatment,ultrasound combined with microbubbles could significantly inhibit the invasion of human prostate cancer cells (P ＜0.05).Treatment with ultrasound combined with microbubbles down-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 messenger ribonucleic acid.Conclusions Ultrasound combined with microbubbles inhibited the invasion in human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells through down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9.

Objective To investigate the application of fusion imaging in the initial prostate biopsy.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 40 patients who underwent initial ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital from August 2014 to May 2015.All patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans one week prior to surgery and the results showed that all patients had suspicious positive prostate cancer lesions,while there were no positive findings in the same area in sonography.All patients with prostate cancer have been confirmed by pathologic examination.Image fusion technology was used to guide the biopsy of lesions which were suspected as prostate cancer by MRI,and then the prostate underwent systematic biopsy by 10 needles under the guide of ultrasound.R× C Chi-square test was used to compare the positive ratio among imaging fusion biopsy,systematic biopsy and combined method in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Fourfold table Chi-square test was used to compare to undetected rate between fusion imaging biopsy and systematic biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.The differences of detection rate in the Gleason score more than 7 points of prostate cancer between fusion imaging biopsy and systematic biopsy was compared by Fisher exact test.Results In this group of 40 patients with prostate biopsy,14 cases (35.0％) were diagnosed prostate cancer by systematic biopsy,19 cases (47.5％) were diagnosed prostate cancer by image fusion biopsy,and 22 cases (55.0％) were diagnosed prostate cancer by systematic biopsy combined with image fusion.The difference of diagnostic positive rate among combined method of biopsy,image fusion biopsy and systematic biopsy had not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Three cases (13.6％,3/22) of prostate cancer patients were missed in image fusion method group,and 8 cases (36.4％,8/22) of prostate cancer patients have not been diagnosed by systematic biopsy,which indicated the umdetected rate of systematic biopsy is higher than that of image fusion biopsy in prostate cancer diagnosis,and there was a statistical difference between the two groups (x2=8.338,P=0.005).Among 19 cases of prostate cancer patients who were diagnosed by image fusion biopsy method,Gleason score were greater than 7 points in 15 cases (78.9％,15/22).Among 14 cases of prostate cancer patients who were diagnosed by systematic biopsy method,Gleason score were greater than 7 points in 6 cases (42.9％,6/14).The positive rate of Gleason score ≥ 7 points in fusion imaging biopsy was higher than that of systematic biopsy,which had a statistical difference (Fisher exact probability method,P=0.039).Conclusion Image fusion method can be used to reduce the tndetected rate of prostate cancer and improve the detection rate of the high-grade prostate cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effect of low frequency ultrasound on the volume of the radiofrequency ablation lesion in canine hyperplasia prostate tissue.Methods A total of 9 experimental dogs were divided into three groups(3 in each group).Radiofrequency ablation was performed on the canine prostates.Low-frequency ultrasound was performed before the ablation of the experimental group.Radiofrequency ablation or low-frequency ultrasound was performed only in the control groups.Then all experiment animals underwent routine rectal examination,contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and MRI.The volume of prostate ablation lesions in enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was compared between the low-frequency ultrasound irradiation plus radiofrequency ablation group and the control group with radiofrequency ablation only.Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test to compare the differences between groups.Results Contrast enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS)performed immediately after low-frequency ultrasound irradiation showed that the time to peak of intra-prostatic contrast agent shortened,the maximum intensity decreased compared with those before irradiation [(28.55±10.88)s vs(14.81±5.15)s,t=2.796,P=0.0189],and the contrast agent duration increased [(2046.56±424.66)dB s vs(1454.82±458.12)dB s],the difference was statistically significant(t=2.32,P=0.0427).CEUS and MRI can accurately evaluate the size of the prostate radiofrequency ablation.The ablation volume of the experimental group after ablation was(1.27 ± 0.21)cm3in the experimental group,while the volume of the ablation group in the control group was(0.73±0.18)cm3,and the difference was statistically significant(t=3.382,P=0.0277); however,the other group which were only exposed to low-frequency ultrasound did not show lesions.Conclusion Low frequency ultrasound irradiation can effectively block the blood flow in proliferative prostatic tissue,and combined with radiofrequency ablation can effectively increase the volume of ablation.