HLA-G belongs to non-classical HLA-class Ⅰ genes.It is expressed in the fetal-maternal interface on the extravillous cytotrophoblast and in such immune privilege tissues as the cornea and pancreas.However, under pathological conditions, such as tumor, inflammatory diseases and post transplantation, HLA-G is expressed abnormally.HLA-G can interact with its acceptors or immune cells and suppress the function of immune cells, which facilitates the escape of the surveillance of the human immune system and the consequent damage.In clinical studies,HLA-G is related to some clinical parameters.This review will focus on the expression, function and regulatory mechanisms of HLA-G in cancer immunology.

Objective: Nowadays, the power calibration methods of the microwave hyperthermia apparatus doesn't take the power loss of the radiator into account Aiming at this problem, the authors designed an equipment of measuring the actual output power of the microwave hyperthermia apparatus. A new method is proposed for calibration the output microwave power of microwave hyperthermia apparatus. Methods: The magnetron anode current was maintained at a default value by a control system. The microwave power generated by microwave source is coupled firstly to a low-power meter by the coaxial cable to measuring the power going through coaxial cable (P_(coaxial cable)). Then the microwave radiator is connected to the coaxial cable to make the microwave radiated by radiator. The radiator is assembled in the experimental device for the microwave completely absorbed by the water. The absorbed microwave energy of the water is calculated by measuring the water temperature change. The energy loss of the experimental device is calculated using the cooling rate. The output power of the radiator is equal to the ratio of the sum of the two aforementioned energy and the time. And the efficiency of the radiator η_(radiator), is equal to P_(radiator)/P_(coaxial cable) Results: The relationship between the actual output power of the microwave hyperthermia apparatus and the mag- netron anode current is P_(radiator) = 2η_(radiator) I. The efficiency of the radiator is η_(radiator)= (34±1)%. Conclusion: From the experimental results, the current method for calibration output power of microwave hyperthermia apparatus is defective, it dose not consider the conversion efficiency of radiator. Using the calibration method introduced in this paper, wecan accurately deter- mine the actual output power of microwave hyperthermia Apparatus.

Objective To establish and optimize the technology and method of producing large quantity and high-paclitaxe yield callus of 〖WTBX〗Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Methods Wild maternal tree grown in Lingchuan County of Shanxi Province and cultivated tree grown in Xi′an were used as explant source. And the optimum maternal tree for explant cutting, optimum explant type, basic medium, composition and concentration of growth regulators in medium and so on, which were factors of affecting on callus induction, growth and paclitaxe yield, were examined in a series order. Results The juvenile stem segments were the optimum explants because of their earlier and higher rate callus induction than that of other explants. Medium Y5: MS+2,4-D 4.0 mg/L+KIN 1.0 mg/L or medium B5 Ⅲ: B5+2,4-D 3.0 mg/L+KIN 0.1 mg/L+Phe 0.1 mol/L was confirmed optimum callus induction medium in which callus induction rate had reached to 100%. In callus subculture medium, lower concentration of 2,4-D (0.5—3 mg/L) always increased callus growth, but higher concentration of 2,4-D (8 mg/L) reduced callus growth. When 2,4-D concentration was suitable, callus grown on B5 medium displayed lighter browning and faster tissue growth than that on MS medium. Further more, HPLC analysis confirmed that the paclitaxel yield in callus grown on medium MSⅢ was highest and had reached 0.004% of callus dry weight. In a general condition, the level of paclitaxel in calli derived from juvenile stems of wild maternal tree was higher than that in calli initiated from cultivated maternal tree's juvenile stems. Conclusion The optimization sequence of obtaining a large quantity and high-paclitaxe yield callus of T. chinensis var. mairei are dividing juvenile stem segments from wild maternal tree in May and culturing on medium Y5 or B5 Ⅲ for callus induction. After the calli having been subcultured on the same medium for 8—10 generations, one or two generations are recultured on medium MSⅢ. Finally, the calli with more paclitaxel are obtained by extracting paclitaxel out of it.

Objective To indentify Streptobacillus moniliformis isolated from the knee joint pus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical reactions and explore the clinical value of the method. Methods The bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence-based identification, bacterial morphology, VITEK 2 automate systems, API 20NE strips, API 20E strips and API 50CH were performed to identify the rare bacteria. Results The bacteria grew slow on blood agar and chocolate agar and were inhibited on Maconkey agar. The bacterial colony on blood agar tookes the form of 1~2 mmomelette, which was translucent and moist with circular protrusion and smooth edges. They were Gram-staining negative and in catenation, its thalli 1~3μm, round, oval or fusiform. Vitek 2 GN-13, API 20NE and API 20E were unable to reach the identification of the bacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed the bacteria were similar to streptobacillus moniliformis by 100%. Conclusion The rare bacteria isolated from left knee joint are streptobacillus moniliformis. 16S rRNA gene sequences combined with the biochemical reactions is accurate in the identification of these bacteria.

objective To investigate the multiple early variables that influenced the 6th months prognosis of comprehensive function in patients with stroke.Methods Two hundreds and eleven patients of primary cerebral infarction and primary cerebral hemorrhage in Shanghai were divided into treated group and controlled group randomly.Patients in the treated group were given standardized tertiary rehabilitation,while those in the controlled group received normal internal medicine treatments but without standardized tertiary rehabilitation.Twenty seven early variables were collected with regard to the patients'medical history,physical examination,scores with CNFD,S-FMA and MBI at the time of enrollment.The patients'FCA scores at the ends of the 6th months after stroke were used as the comprehensive functional outcome.Stepwise multiple regression analysis applied to analyze the data.Results Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that therapeutic regimen,CNFD scores,age,diabetes mellitus,SFMA scores,smoking and labour intensity predicted comprehensive functional outcome at the ends of the 6th months after stroke.Conclusion Certain early variables predict the long-term comprehensive functional prognosis of stroke patients.Therapeutic regimen,CNFD scores and age were significant predictors.

Objective To study the effect of the intervention mode of MTP on use of antibacterials in upper respiratory infection.Methods Adopt retrospective method to select randomly prescriptions of upper respiratory infection from July to September in 2006 for baseline investigation in Outpatient Clinic of Respiratory Department of the First People's Hospital of the city of Zhuhai in Guangdong province.Then aim physicians was interfered by MTP and investigation of post-interference was carried out after a month.The process of intervention and investigation was carried out repeatedly until June in 2007.The ratio of antibacterials use,injection use percentage and average drug fee was observed in pre/post-interference.Results The ratio of antibacterials use in upper respiratory infection in our hospital was decreased from 81.33% to 0,and the ratio percentage of injection use and average drug fee decreased by 81.69% and 35.47% respectively after four MTP circulations.Conclusion The intervention mode of MTP is feasible and effective on promoting the rational use of antibacterials on upper respiratory infection in Outpatient Clinic of Respiratory Department of our hospital.

Objective To conduct the calibration and comparative analysis on the Mindray BC 5800 automated hematology analy-zer in our department for ensuring the traceability and consistency of experimental results .Methods The mating calibrator of the Mindray company was used to conduct the calibration in the Mindray BC5800 automated hematology analyzer ,after calibration ,the calibration verification was performed .After passing the calibration verification ,the fresh blood was conduct the fixed value ,then the Mindray BC5800 and BC5180 automated hematology analyzers were calibrated ,after calibration ,the calibration verification was conducted ,after passing the calibration verification ,with the BC5800 as the standard instrument and BC5180 as the comparison in-strument ,the comparison experiment of fresh blood was performed .Results The Mindray BC5800 ,BC5300 and BC5180 automated hematology analyzers were passed the calibration verification after calibration ,in the comparison experiment of fresh blood ,the rela-tive deviation coincidence rates of WBC ,RBC ,Hb ,MCV ,PLT ,HCT ,MCH and MCHC between BC5800 and BC5300 and between BC5800 and BC5180 all exceeded 80% ,the comparison tests were passed .Conclusion The hematology analyzer should be per-formed the calibration verification and comparison test after calibration ,and the comparison test must be passed for ensuring the traceability of results and comparability among the test results in order to meet clinical needs .

Objective To observe and identify the microorganism isolated from diseased and dead Ctenogobius gymnauchen cultured in seawater near the Daya Bay of south China sea.Methods GDLAMI-1210 strain was isolated from the diseased Ctenogobius gymnauchen(Bleeker).We applied physiological and biochemical characteristics in the bacterial classification.In order to confirm the results,we amplified a 1438 bp sequence of GDLAMI-1210's 16 S rRNA(HM 362434)and compared with other sequence in GenBank,and followed by artificial infection.Results The GDLAMI-1210 strain was Gram-negative and in a shape of short rod with single polar flagellum.The homology analysis and phylogenetic study showed that the 16 S rRNA sequence of GDLAMI-1210 has the highest similarity to Vibrio sp.espec Vibrio vulnificus,showing 99% identity.Conclusions To our knowledge,this is the first report that the causative pathogen,Vibrio sp,leads to the mortality of Ctenogobius gymnauchen(Bleeker).

Objective To explore the effect and safety of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the surgical treatment of common bile duct stones.Methods According to random number table,48 patients with common bile duct stones were randomly divided into the ERAS group and the control group.The patients of the control group received the traditional perioperative management and laparotomy exploration of common bile duct.The patients of the ERAS group received the ERAS perioperative management and laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct.The preoperative and postoperative level of C reactive protein (CRP),time to out-of-bed activity,time to food taking,time to anal exsufflation,postoperative hospital stay,hospitalization cost and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared.Results Compared with the control group,the ERAS group had lower levels of CRP on the postoperative 1 day and 3 days[d1:(102.6±13.5) mg/L vs.(81.3±17.3)mg/L;d3:(71.8±15.3)mg/L vs.(41.2±11.2)mg/L,t=2.553,3.287,all P<0.05],had shorter time to out-of-bed activity[(3.2±1.8)d vs.(0.9±0.4)d],time to food taking[(4.3±1.9)d vs.(1.8±1.2)d] and time to anal exsufflation[(2.5±0.7)d vs.(1.2±0.3)d],and had shorter operative hospital stay[(7.3±3.2)d vs.(3.8±1.4)d]and less hospitalization cost[(7 200±800)RMB vs.(5 900±700)RMB] (t=5.561,4.319,3.765,2.351,1.671,all P<0.05).The incidence rate of postoperative complications of the ERAS group decreased markedly (61.91% vs.18.52%,x2=25.82,P<0.05).Conclusion ERAS management in the surgical treatment of common bile duct stones is safe and effective,which can enhance the recovery of the patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of AIDS complicated with disseminated Penicillium marneffei (PM) infection. Methods A total of 12 patients with AIDS complicated with disseminated PM infection were collected and the symptoms, signs, laboratory examination results and image manifestations of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results (1) The diagnosis of PM infection in all the 12 cases were confirmed by peripheral blood culture.All the 12 cases (100％) had irregular fever (38-41 ℃) and enlarged lymph nodes, 8 cases (66％) had skin rashes; 8 cases (66％) had hepatomegaly; 9 cases (75％) had splenomegaly while 8 cases (66％) had anemia. (2) Imaging manifestation: Five cases manifested bilateral pulmonary disseminated miliary nodular shadows or lattice signs; 1 case showed enlarged hilar lymph node and 2 zases showed patchy shadow with pleuritis. One case presented sub-pleural curve line shadow at the posterior part of the right lower lung,and adhesion between the intestinal wall and intestinal mesentery in mass form in the abdomen by CT examination. Conclusion Patients suffering from AIDS (CD4T lymphocytes ＜50/μ L) with impaired immunity might be susceptible to complication of disseminated PM infection, which presents mainly damage of multiple organs and symptoms such as fever; enlargement of liver,spleen and lymph nodes, as well as specific skin maculopapular rashes. Imaging manifestations in the lungs were revealed as miliary nodular shadows and lattice-like shadows. Intensified abdominal CT might reveal presence of several enlarged postperitoneal lymph nodes and intestinal adhesion in shape of cakes.