ObjectiveTo investigate the changing trends of the incidence rate， prevalence rate， mortality rate， and disability-adjusted life years （DALYs） of benign hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases among people aged 15 — 39 years in China in 1990 — 2021. MethodsThe data of 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study were downloaded to obtain the epidemiological data of liver fibrosis/chronic liver disease， benign gallbladder/biliary tract diseases， and pancreatitis among people aged 15 — 39 years in China， and estimated annual percentage change （EAPC） was calculated to assess the changing trends of incidence， prevalence， mortality， and DALY rates. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the incidence and mortality rates from 2022 to 2030. ResultsIn 2021， there were 10 448 778 new cases of benign hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases among the individuals aged 15 — 39 years in China， which was increased by 3.8% compared with the data in 1990， while the numbers of prevalent cases， deaths， and DALYs were reduced by 20.4%， 59.6%， and 50.2%， respectively. In 2021， the age-standardized incidence rates of liver fibrosis/chronic liver disease， benign gallbladder/biliary tract diseases， and pancreatitis were 1 104.40/100 000， 1 045.05/100 000， and 16.64/100 000， respectively； the age-standardized prevalence rates were 20 592.37/100 000， 2 364.85/100 000， and 9.43/100 000， respectively； the age-standardized mortality rates were 1.61/100 000， 0.04/100 000， and 0.18/100 000， respectively. From 1990 to 2021， there was a tendency of increase in the age-standardized incidence rate of liver fibrosis/chronic liver disease （EAPC=0.43， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.23 — 0.63）， and there was also a tendency of increase in the age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of benign gallbladder/biliary tract diseases （incidence rate： EAPC=1.07， 95%CI： 0.91 — 1.24； prevalence rate： EAPC=0.75， 95%CI： 0.59 — 0.89）， while there was a tendency of reduction in the age-standardized mortality rate of all three disease categories. Predictions for 2022 — 2030 indicated a potential reduction in the incidence rate of benign gallbladder/biliary tract diseases and an increase in the incidence rate of pancreatitis. ConclusionThere has been an overall upward trend in the incidence rate of liver fibrosis/chronic liver disease and gallbladder/biliary tract diseases over the past three decades， and it is needed to pay attention to the disease burden of benign hepatobiliary diseases among the people aged 15 — 39 years in China.

Tooth pulpitis is a prevalent oral disorder. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of pulpitis and developing effective treatment strategies hold great significance. Ferroptosis has recently emerged as a new form of cell death, but the role of ferroptosis in pulpitis remains largely unknown. In our study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to identify cellular heterogeneity between 3 pulpitis tissue and 3 healthy pulp tissue, and explored ferroptosis occurrence in pulpitis tissue and inflamed dental pulp cells (DPCs). In scRNA-seq, 40 231 cells (Pulpitis: 17 814; Healthy pulp: 22 417) were captured, and visualized into 12 distinct cell clusters. Differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DE-FRGs) were almost presented in each cluster in pulpitis vs healthy pulp. ROS and Fe²⁺ levels significantly rose, and immunohistochemistry showed low expression of GPX4 and high expression of PTGS2 in pulpitis. In LPS-stimulated DPCs, thymosin α1 increased the expression of GPX4 and FTL, and decreased expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Fe²⁺ levels. In rat pulpitis models, both prothymosin α (PTMA, precursor of thymosin α1) gelatin sponge placed at the hole of pulp (LPS-P(gs)) and PTMA injection in pulp (LPS-P(i)) significantly reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of PTGS2, and increased the expression of GPX4. In RNA sequencing, the expression of DE-FRGs were reversed when thymosin α1 were added in LPS-stimulated DPCs. Collectively, single-cell atlas reveals cellular heterogeneity between pulpitis and healthy pulp, and ferroptosis occurrence in pulpitis. Thymosin α1 may reduce ferroptosis in DPCs to alleviate pulpitis and thus potentially has the ability to treat pulpitis.
Ferroptosis/drug effects* ; Dental Pulp/drug effects* ; Animals ; Pulpitis/pathology* ; Rats ; Thymalfasin/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Male ; Thymosin/pharmacology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)fingerprint and multi-index content determination method of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction.Methods 15 batches of Siraitiae fructus from different producing areas were collected,Siraitiae fructus standard decoction was prepared according to Technical Requirements for Quality Control and Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules,and the extract rate was calculated.UPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of 15 batches of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction and determine the contents of 11-O-mogroside V,kaempferitrin and mogroside V,which were the main effective components.The chemometrics analysis was used to evaluate the quality of Siraitiae fructus standard decoction and find possible quality markers.Results The extraction rate of 15 batches Siraitiae fructus standard decoction ranged from 24.79％to 34.95％.There were 16 common peaks in the fingerprint,and 4 components were identified.The Siraitiae fructus standard decoction was divided into 2 categories by chemometrics analysis,among which samples from Liuzhou,Guangxi were in one category and samples from Guilin,Guangxi were in another category.Seven differential markers were screened out under the condition of variable importance projection value,and the order was as follows:peak 8＞peak 7＞peak 5＞peak 12(kaempferitrin)＞peak 1＞peak 13＞peak 4.The contents of kaempferitrin,11-O-mogroside V and mogroside V in samples from Guilin,Guangxi were slightly higher than those in samples from Liuzhou,Guangxi.Conclusion The UPLC fingerprint and content determination method established in this study are feasible,which can provide a basis for the quality evaluation of Siraitiae fructus.The results of principal component analysis show that kaempferol is likely to become a quality marker of Siraitiae fructus.

Objective : To investigate the effects of Lin28 overexpression on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) through mTOR signaling pathway. Methods : After transfecting lentiviral vectors of Lin28 gene in hDPSCs , the relative expression of Lin28 was detected by Real⁃time PCR. CCK⁃8 assay was applied to detect the effect on cell proliferation. qRT⁃PCR was used to research the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) . Western blot assay was processed to investigate the effects on the relative expression levels of ALP and OPN proteins. Alizarin red staining was utilized to detect the mineralized nodules. Results : Compared with the control group , the cell proliferation of transfection group was promoted (P < 0. 05) ; The mRNA and protein expression levels of ALP , OPN and OCN in transfection group were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0. 05) , the expression level of ALP apparently decreased after the addition of mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (P < 0. 05) ; Alizarin red staining showed that the size and number of mineralized nodules formed in transfection group were markedly declined compared with empty carrier group (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion Overexpression of Lin28 can inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of hDP⁃ SCs through suppress mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the offset of a laser-assisted flap using the WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser and the clinical results after femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 125 patients who underwent FS-LASIK for myopia by WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser from June 2017 to July 2018 at the Tungwah Ophthalmic Center were divided into two groups according to the offset of the corneal flap from the pupil center: the no-offset group (57 eyes) and the certain-offset group (68 eyes); the baseline data, including age, sex, uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), spherical degree, and central corneal thickness were matched in the two groups.UCVA, residual astigmatism, spherical degree, corneal curvature and aberration were observed 1 week and 1 month after surgery.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (No.2017DHLL004). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering the study cohort. Results: UCVA, corneal curvature, spherical degree, spherical and corneal aberration between the two groups were not significantly different (all at P>0.05). One week after surgery, the residual astigmatism was ≤-0.50 D in 50 eyes (87.7%, 50/57)and >-0.50 D in 7 eyes (12.3%, 7/57) in the no-offset group; the residual astigmatism was ≤-0.50 D in 50 eyes (73.5%, 50/68) and >-0.50 D in 18 eyes (26.5%, 18/68) in the no-offset group.The residual astigmatism between the two groups 1 week after surgery was significantly different (χ²=3.902, P=0.048), and there was no significant difference in residual astigmatism 1 month after surgery (χ²=2.031, P=0.068). The trefoil of the no-offset group was statistically less than of the certain-offset group at 1 week and 1 month after surgery (0.05[0.04, 0.08]vs.0.06[0.04, 0.10]; 0.05[0.03, 0.07]vs.0.06[0.05, 0.09])(Z=-2.245, P=0.022; Z=-2.370, P=0.018). The spherical aberration and coma were not significantly different between the two groups at 1 week and 1 month after surgery (both at P>0.05). Conclusions The offset from femtosecond laser-assisted flap by WaveLight FS200 has no effect on long-term visual acuity or residual astigmatism.Some patients may have different visual experiences because of the residual astigmatism and higher order aberration during the early postoperative stage.

Objective:To evaluate the systemic absorption and safety of multiple doses of topical tazarotene/betamethasone dipropionate cream in healthy subjects and patients with psoriasis.Methods:From September 2008 to April 2009, 12 healthy subjects collected from Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College were randomly and equally divided into tazarotene 0.15%/betamethasone dipropionate 0.15% cream group and tazarotene 0.2%/betamethasone dipropionate 0.2% cream group; these subjects were instructed to apply 0.03 g of the test drug per day on each of the 4 body sites, including the flexor aspects of bilateral forearms, waist and back, for 7 consecutive days, and venous blood samples were obtained before, and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after the start of drug application. From October 2010 to August 2011, 60 patients with non-cephalic psoriasis collected from the Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College were randomly divided into 3 groups at a ratio of 3∶1∶1, i.e., tazarotene 0.05%/betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% cream group ( n = 36) and tazarotene 0.05% gel group ( n = 12) topically treated with a cream vehicle in the morning and the test drug at night, and betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% cream group ( n = 12) topically treated with the test drug twice a day (once in the morning and again in the evening) ; the treatment lasted 6 consecutive weeks, and venous blood samples were collected before, and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after drug application. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to determine the concentrations of tazarotenic acid and betamethasone in plasma. During the trial, adverse events in the subjects were recorded, routine blood and urine examinations were carried out, and liver and kidney function were evaluated before and after treatment. Results:The plasma concentrations of tazarotenic acid and betamethasone in the 12 healthy subjects were below the lower limit of quantitation (0.04 μg/L) after 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-day treatment. After the consecutive treatment, tazarotenic acid and betamethasone were detected in 2 (5.56%) and 4 (11.11%) patients respectively at week 2, 4 or 6 in the tazarotene 0.05%/betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% cream group, and the highest plasma concentrations of tazarotenic acid and betamethasone were 0.112 and 0.201 μg/L respectively; in the betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% cream group, betamethasone was detected in 2 of 12 patients, and the highest plasma concentration of betamethasone was 0.112 μg/L. No test drug-related systemic adverse reactions or laboratory abnormalities were observed in any of the healthy subjects or patients.Conclusion:Multiple doses of topical tazarotene/betamethasone dipropionate cream has advantages of little systemic absorption, no long-term accumulation and good systemic safety.

Objective To investigate the role of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway under the action of TAK-242 in the cardiomyocyte apoptosis after coronary micro-embolism (CME) in rats.Methods Fortyfive rats were randomized (random number) into three groups:sham operation,CME and CME plus TAK242 groups (n =15 per group).CME was induced by injecting polyethylene microspheres (42 μm) into the left ventricle except the sham group.CME plus TAK-242 group was treated with TAK-242 (2 mg/kg) via the tail vein of mice 30 min before CME modeling.Cardiac function was evaluated 6 h after operation.Tissue biopsy was stained with HBFP to measure the size of infarction area.TUNEL assay was used to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Western blot and qPCR were used to evaluate the protein levels and mRNA expressions of TLR4,NF-κB p65 and cleaved caspase-3,respectively.Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by LSD-t test.Results Compared with the sham group,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the CME group was significantly decreased [(68.91 ± 4.12) ％ vs.(84.80 ± 2.51) ％,P ＜ 0.05],and the infarction area (P ＜ 0.05),the apoptosis index [(3.36 ± 0.63) ％ vs.(0.19 ± 0.08) ％,P ＜0.05],the mRNA expressions of TLR4,NF-κB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 in CME group were increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with CME group,LVEF in the CME plus TAK-242 group was significantly improved [(75.58 ± 5.01) ％ vs.(68.91 ± 4.12) ％,P＜0.05],and the infarction area [(8.58 ± 2.12) ％ vs.(14.65 ± 4.23) ％,P＜0.05],the apoptosis index [(1.43 ± 0.51) ％ vs.(3.36 ± 0.63) ％,P ＜ 0.05],the mRNA expressions of TLR4,NF-κB p65 and cleaved caspase-3 in CME + TAK-242 group were decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions TAK-242 effectively improved CME-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and then reducing the cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

OB J ECT I V E To explore the adjacentpatterns between adenoid and Eustachian cushion in hypertrophic adenoid children and to study its relationship with otitis media with effusion(OME). METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted in 144 cases of pediatric adenoidal hypertrophy(or concurrenttonsil hypertrophy) admitted for adenoid ablation under the 700 nasal endoscope. Children were divided into 3 groups(TypeⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) according to adjacentpatterns between adenoid and Eustachian cushion.The incidence of OME, severe hypertrophy of adenoid(A/N>0.7) in differentgroup were analyzed. RESULTS There were 34 children (23.6%) with OME, 3 (9.1%) in type Ⅰ, 10(16.9%) in type Ⅱ and 21(40.4%) in type Ⅲ. No significantdifference was existed between the incidence of OME in type Ⅰ and Ⅱ. In contrast, significantdifference were found in the incidence of OME between the type Ⅲ and type Ⅰ, Ⅱ. The incidence of severe adenoid hypertrophy was 34.9% in typeⅠandⅡ children and 82.2% in type Ⅲ children(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Adjacentpatterns between adenoid and Eustachian cushion, the degree of adenoid hypertrophy play an importantrole in the incidence of OME.

Objective To study the correlations of pelvic endometriosis cysts with pain and infertility according to the revised American Fertility Society (r-AFS) staging of endometriosis.Methods We retrospectively studied the clinical information of 258 cases patients with the ovarian endometriosis cysts who undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometriosis cysts excision from January 2007 to December 2013.In accordance with the r-AFS,the correlation between pelvic adhesions and pain symptoms or infertility was evaluated.Results Among 258 cases with ovarian endometriosis cysts,there were 72.09％ (186/258) of patients presented pelvic pain and 16.28％ of patients presented infertility.The stages of r-AFS were that 16 cases in stage I,80 cases in stage Ⅱ,108 cases of in stage Ⅲ and 54 cases of stage Ⅳ.Also,186 cases with pain symptom,77.42％ (144/186) of patients were in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ,which was remarkably higher than that of no symptom group (25.00％ (18/72),x2 =64.017,P ＜ 0.05).Among 42 cases with infertility,there were 85.71％ (36/42) of patients were in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ,remarkably higher than of no infertility group (58.33％ (126/216),x2 =11.283,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The r-AFS stage of pelvic distribution in ovarian endometriosis cyst is closely correlated with pain symptoms and infertility.Patients in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ with pain and infertility are more significant.

Combining the two novelty search work workshops with recent published papers on novelty search in Universities and Colleges,new progresses for science & technology (ST) novelty search in Universities and Colleges have been comprehensive summarized,and some enlightenments have been probed into seminar:a new novelty search experience communication mode and fast development of college ST novelty search work to ST novelty search and innovation.