Laser has been used in the treatment of glaucoma for more than twenty years.Its main applications include laser peripheral iridoplasty,laser trabeculoplasty,laser sclerostomy,and laser cyclophotocoagulation. Other applications such as C02 laser filtering surgery and photodynamic therapy(PDT)have just started.In this paper,a review is provided on the present applications of lasers in the treatment of glaucoma including choice of laser,indications,surgery approach and efficacy.The prospect of the future application is also discussed.

Objective To investigate the application value of Atlas titanium cable in the treatment of comminuted patellar fractures (CPF).Methods 80 patients with CPF in our hospital from January, 2010 to January, 2013 were randomly selected and divided into observation group (n=40) and control group (n=40) by digital random method.Observation group adopted Atlas tita-nium cable internal fixation treatment while control group adopted the improved tension band steel wire in the hollow compression screws fixation treatment.Preoperative (t0), postoperative 1 month (t1), 6 months (t2) and 1 year (t3) Bostman patellar injury curative effect score (BPICES), operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative knee joint exercise time for the first time, length of hospital stay, treatment costs and complications of two groups were compared.Results Preoperative BPICES of two groups had no statistical significant difference (p>0.05).Compared with t0, t2 and t3 BPICES and the rate of optimal curative effects, two groups increased; Compared with the control group, t2 and t3 BPICES and the rate of optimal curative effects of observation group also increased, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative knee joint exercise time for the first time, length of hospital stay of observation group were (52.26 ±10.29) min, (70.48 ±10.49) ml, (4.78 ±1.48) d and (5.98 ±1.06) d respectively, which were lower than the (79.95 ±8.42) min, (123.36 ±21.18) ml, (9.14 ±4.48) d and (11.18 ±2.68) d of the control group;Therapy cost of observation group was (16 284.47 ±2 145.78) Yuan, which was higher than the (9 892.48 ±1 456.42) Yuan of the control group (p <0.05).Compared with control group, peptide wire/wire Piercing the skin, pain, infection, skin irritation, slippery bursa phlogistic, internal fixation of fracture parted, fracture end separation and other complications total incidence of observation group were lower (p<0.05).Conclusion Atlas titanium wire trea-ting of patients with CPF had shorter operation time and hospitalization time , less postoperative complications.It can promote the rapid recovery of knee joint function, but its cost is higher.Thus it is suitable for CPF patients with better economic conditions .

Objective To study on the efficacy of Octreotide prophylaxis of post ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and hyperamylasemia. Methods The study was conducted in 12 digestive endoscopic units in China. Patients were randomized into two groups. Octreotide group: Octreotide (0. 3mg) were dissolved in 500 ml of 0.9% saline solution and administrated by continues intravenous infusion, beginning 1 hr before the endoscopic examination and continuing for 6 hr afterward, 0. 1 mg Octreotide were injected subcutaneously at 6h, 12h after the intravenous injection stopped. Control group was given a placebo (saline solution) intravenously without subcutaneous injection. Results A total of 961 patients were accepted in the study, 832 patients were enrolled in the final analysis, Octreotide group 414 cases, and control group 418 cases. The overall incidence of acute pancreatitis was 3.85% (32/832) .which includec 2.42% (10/414) in Octreotide group and 5. 26% (22/418) in control group (P =0. 046). Incidence of hyperamylasemia was 14. 9% (124/ 832) which included 12. 32% (51/414) in Octreotide group and 17. 46% (73/418) in controlled group (P = 0. 041). The two groups were matched in many basic aspects, such as sex, age, contrast agent, indication of ERCP, the times of visualization of pancreatic duct and bile duct, etc. There was no side effect associated with Octreotide found. Conclusion The results of this trial indicate that Octreotide can prevent post ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia.

Objective To study the reconstructive treatment of the different types of neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis in different locations. Methods 37 patients with neurobibroma or neurofibromatosis were reviewed, including 8 cases with simple suture after excision, 9 cases with skin grafting in situ, 12 cases with skin flap grafting. The main points of the treating methods for different types of neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis were discussed, and the chief clinical manifestations, therapeutic principle and notices of the operation were then summarized.Results These 37 patients, including 25 cases of neurofibroma, 11 cases of neurofibromatosis typeⅠ and 1 case of neurofibromatosis type Ⅱ, were satisfied with the results after reconstructive operation. Conclusion The methods of reconstructive operation of neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis, such as simple suture after excision, skin grafting in situ, skin flap grafting, the use of skin soft tissue expansion, microskin grafting and so on, must be selected according to the different type and location of the neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis. The reconstructive operation must guarantee the best recovery of the visage and the function on the basis of the most degree of tumor excision.

A series of oxazole[5,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized to discover novel compounds with antitumor activity.Compounds 8a-8m were synthesized using acetamidine hydrochloride as the start material.The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR,1H NMR,EI-MS and elemental analysis.The antiangiogenesis activities of the synthesized compounds were determined by MTT in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC).The in vitro antitumor activities of the synthesized compounds were determined by MTT assay in A549,HepG2 and U251.Compounds 8c,8d,8g,8i and 8l were found to inhibit the proliferation of all the tested cell lines.Compound 8l exhibited noteworthy activities in A549,HepG2 and U251 cell lines with IC50value lower than the positive reference sunitinib,suggesting that compound 8l might be the promising antitumor agent for further investigation.

Objective To evaluate the performance of surgical approaches in the treatment of linear scleroderma of the head and face. Methods Forty-three patients with stable linear scleroderma of the head and face were included in this study. Surgical approaches, which included direct suture,skin flap translocation, soft-tissue augmentation and filling operation with dermal tissues, were selected and utilized alone or in combination according to the size, location and degree of atrophy and depression of lesions. Results After surgical treatment, wound dehiscence developed in one of these patients, but the wound healed after two sessions of suture. During one year of follow up, all the patients achieved favorite color, feeling and blood supply in the filling areas as well as good facial profile and visual appearance with no obvious convexity and concavity. Skin flaps matched well with surrounding tissues, incision lines were inconspicuous, and hairline looked naturally with well-distributed hairs in these patients after treatment. Patients were satisfied with treatment results. Conclusion Satisfied cosmetic outcomes can be achieved by using surgical approaches in patients with stable linear scleroderma of the head and face.

Objective To study the microcirculation and structural changes, surviving area of expanded prefabricated flaps. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into expanded prefabricated, expender lined, simple prefabricated and free flap groups, each consisting of 10 rabbits. For the expanded prefabricated, expender lined and simple prefabricated groups, after the femoral artery and vein were transplanted into subcutaneous tissues of abdomen, and expanders were implanted into the deeper dartos. The free flap group was a blank control group. For the expanded prefabricated group, the expansion was carried out on 7th day postoperatively. On postoperative day 52, when the expander was fully expanded, island flaps with the prefabricated vessels as the pedicles were formed. The flaps were measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, light microscopy and digital re-cording of survival arca. Results When compared with the other groups, the perfusion volume of mi-crocirculation enhanced, flaps survival improved (97.54±2.73) %, blood capillary were stronger, to-gether with microscopic changes were significant in the expanded prefabricated groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Expandedprefabricated flaps can increase the survival size of the flaps and the safety of flap transplantation.

Wistar rats were intragastrically administered with different doses (2, 5 and 10 g / kg body weight) of haematitum. 1H NMR-based metabonomic analysis coupled with multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis) was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of the urine samples collected from the treated rats. Univariate analysis on the 1H NMR spectra of urine (1 d before administration, 1-5 d post administration) was used to screen out the potential features of haematitum. Significant treatment related changes were observed for the levels of citrate, tuarine, creatinine,α-ketoglutarate, succinate and dimethylglycine, which could be used as potential features of haematitum. A trend of recovery in connection with dose levels was observed overtime. Such biochemical changes indicated that haematitum treatment at the dose of 2, 5 and 10 g / kg body weight affected the Krebs cycle and glucose metabolism, energy metabolism, choline metabolism and dimethylglycine metabolism in rats. These changes may attribute to the disturbances of hepatic function in 10 g / kg body weight group.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of atlantoaxial fusion by flipping periosteum pedicle occipital outer plate.Methods Between March 2010 and June 2013,27 patients with atlantoaxial instability were treated by atlantoaxial fusion with flipping periosteum pedicle occipital outer plate and combining pedicle screws fixation.There were 16 males and 11 females with the age ranging from 23 to 56 years (with an average of 45.6 years) at time of surgery.There were 12 cases of fresh odontoid fracture with atlantoaxial instability,7 cases of old odontoid fracture combined with uneducable atlantoaxial dislocation,7 cases of congenital loose of odontoid process,and 1 case of rheumatoid arthritis.The visual analog scale (VAS) scores and Frankel grades were respectively used to evaluate the axial neck pain and the neurological deficit,and the results were compared before and after the operation.Bony fusion was observed by the midline sagittal CT scan images.Results All the patients were successfully operated.The operation time was 90 to 140 mins (with an average of 100 mins),and the blood loss was 100 to 600 ml (with an average of 160 ml).All patients were followed up for 18 to 39 months,with an average of 32.6 months.19 cases got solid fusion 3 months after surgery,and 7 cases got solid fusion 6 months after surgery,while 1 case got solid fusion 9 months after surgery.The average VAS score at final follow-up was 2.87± 1.03,which was significantly lower than that preoperatively 7.23± 1.65.Before the operation,nine cases presented spinal nerve function damage.At the final follow up time,7 cases returned to complete normal and 2 cases improved from grade C to grade D according to the Frankel classification.1 case was complicated with veiniplex injury with no heavy blood loss,due to successful hemostasia.Two screws were placed close to the vertebral artery canal,without clinical consequences.Conclusion The flipping periosteum pedicle occipital outer plate as a bone graft is one effective method for atlantoaxial fusion,which got great feasibility and safety.

Objective: To observe the effect of Ginkgo Biloba extract (EGb) on Form deprivation Myopia (FDM) in the chick. Methods: 30 two day chicks were divided into three groups (Control Group, Drug Group Ⅰ, Drug Group Ⅱ). All of them were monocularly deprived by suturation of eyelids. Axial length was measured by A Scan ultrasonograph, the posterior cartilaginous sclera, the sclera fibrous and retina were observed under the light microscope. Results: Both refraction and axial eye length were changed by form deprivation in control group. refraction change ( P