Objective To research the effects of metformin on proliferation and apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and investigate the role of Foxp3 in the effect.Methods The inhibit rate of MCF-7 cells was measured by MTT assay after 48 h metformin treatment(5 mmol/L、10 mmol/L、20 mmol/L).Metformin-induced cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258 stai-ning and flow cytometry.The expression levels of Foxp3 and caspase-3 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR.Expression of Foxp3 protein was detected by Western blot.Results Metformin markedly inhibited proliferation of MCF-7(P<0.05)compared with control group.And the early apoptotic rates increased to 3.76%,8.96%,and 18.67% with 5 mmol/L、10 mmol/L、20 mmol/L metformin treatment,respectively.Metformin increased caspase-3 mRNA expression levels,and decreased the expression levels of Foxp3 mRNA and protein expression levels(P<0.05,vs.control).Conclusion Metformin could inhibit the proliferation and in-duce apoptosis of MCF-7,and its mechanism maybe related to down-regulated expression of Foxp3.

Objective To determine the expression of c-myc and CD24 in colorectal carcinoma,colo-rectal polyp and normal mucosa,and to explore the role and correlation of them in the carcinogenesis of colorec-tal carcinoma. Methods The expression of c-myc and CD24 in colorectal carcinoma(n = 60),colorectal ade-nomatous polyp(n = 45),colorectal hyperplastic polyp(n = 15)and the adjacent non-cancerous tissue(n =30)was observed by immunohistochemical assay. Results The positive rate of c-myc in colorectal carcinoma were 73. 3% ,significantly higher than that in colorectal adenomatous polyp 44. 4%( χ2 = 9. 016 8,P <0. 01),colorectal hyperplastic polyp 13. 3%(χ2 = 18. 215 9,P < 0. 01)and adjacent non-cancerous tissue 6. 7%(χ2 = 25. 133 0,P < 0. 01);the positive rate of CD24 in colorectal carcinoma was 76. 7% ,significantly higher than that in colorectal hyperplastic polyp 6. 7%(χ2 = 25. 133 0,P < 0. 01)and adjacent non-cancerous tissue 3. 3%(χ2 = 43. 107 4,P < 0. 01). c-myc expression in colon cancer was significantly correlated with cancer site(χ2 = 8. 352 3,P < 0. 01),lymph node metastasis(χ2 = 4. 275 1,P < 0. 05),differentiation (χ2 = 4. 115 3,P < 0. 05)and TNM stage(χ2 = 5. 739 9,P < 0. 05). CD24 expression in colon cancer was significantly correlated with cancer size(χ2 = 9. 333 6,P < 0. 01),lymph node metastasis(χ2 = 7. 693 0,P <0. 01),differentiation(χ2 = 5. 870 0,P < 0. 05)and TNM stage(χ2 = 4. 498 7,P < 0. 05). There was a pos-itive correlation relationship between CD24 and c-myc in colorectal carcinoma tissue(χ2 = 10. 824 9,r = 0. 39, P < 0. 05). Conclusion The expression of c-myc and CD24 are high in colorectal cancer,having a significant correlation with some of the clinicaopathological features. c-myc is likely to act as a downstream target gene of CD24 signaling pathway,whose expression is probably regulated by CD24 in colorectal carcinoma tissue.

Objective To evaluate the use of a Foley catheter ballon as a pulling and fixing device in Badenoch's pull through procedure for posterior urethral stricture. Methods Using Foley catheter ballon as a pulling and fixing device in Badenoch pull through procedure to treat 23 cases of posterior urethral stricture. Results Success has been achieved in 21 cases with good voiding during 6～12 months of follow up.2 cases failed,in one of which the segment of stricture being too long and the postoperative tension on urethra too great.18 cases under went urodynamic test after operation,Qmax being 19 ml/s(15～23 ml/s). Conclusions The use of a Foley catheter for traction in Badenoch pull through operation is simple,effective,nontraumatic and with less occurrence of complication.

Disorders of gene expression are closely related to the biological characteristics, treatment response, and prognosis of hematological malignancies. The rapidly-developing transcriptome sequencing and single-cell transcriptome sequencing technologies in recent years provide powerful tools for discovering marker genes and studying gene expression patterns related to disease diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the related research progress in conjunction with reports at the 62nd American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting.

Objective To detect expression of PRKACB protein in non-small cell lung cancer ,thus to study its clinical significance and to analyze the relationship between PRKACB expression and prognosis .Methods We detected the PRKACB protein using immunohistochemistry in 109 lung cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent 20 normal tissues of non-small cell lung cancer patients .Results Compared with normal tissues , the level of PRKACB significantly decreased in lung cancers (χ2 =25.217,P<0.05),and was associated with differentiation (χ2 =9.664,P<0.05),lymph node metastasis(χ2 =4.430,P<0.05),and TNM staging(χ2 =4.430,P<0.05). Furthermore,the low expression of PRKACB protein was correlated with poor prognosis ( overall survival and disease-free survival ) of the patients .Conclusion PRKACB was lowly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer ,and associat-ed with clinical features ,which indicated its important role in clinical diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer .

Objective To design technique of local flap transposition to refine the aesthetic appearance of reconstructed fingers by toes transfer.Methods Nine cases with 21 reconstructed finger were included,which involved 6 males and 3 females with an average age of 21.8 years(range,18-34years).A lingual contour flap with a lateral pedicle Was shifted from the inflated distal pulp to the narrow middle part of the"finger"to refine the aesthetic appearance.Overall results were evaluated in terms of the survival of the flap,the appearance improvement and the functional influence of the reconstructed finger.Results All of the flaps survived and healed perfectly.After a mean follow-up of 9.3 months(range,6-12months),the appearance of the reconstructed fingers were impmved apparently.There was little influence on the function of the finger.The results showed that all the patients gained more acceptable fingers.Conclusion From our experience,local flap transposition is a useful method for remolding of reconstructed fingers by toes transfer.

Raman spectroscopy has generated many branches during the development for more than 90 years. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) improves SNR by using the interaction between tested materials and the surface of rough metal, as to quickly get higher sensitivity and precision spectroscopy without sample pretreatment. This article describes the characteristic and classification of SERS, and updates the theory and clinical application of SERS. It also summarizes the present status and progress of SERS in various disciplines and illustrates the necessity and urgency of its research, which provides rationale for the application for SERS in microbiology.
Microbiology ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Objective:To investigate the outcomes of applying microvascular anastomotic coupling de-vices in solitary upper extremity artery injury repairs and to optimize parameters for optimal clinical out-come.Methods:From March to September 2013,19 injured arteries from 18 male patients who presen-ted at Department of Hand Surgery,Beijing Jishuitan Hospital with traumatic arterial lacerations of their upper extremities went through rapid repair procedures.COUPLER,a microvascular anastomotic coupling device was applied in these artery injury repair operations.The 19 repaired arteries included 3 brachial arteries,6 ulnar arteries and 10 radial arteries.After the procedures,all the 18 patients were then fol-lowed up by clinical specialists and examined with color doppler flow imaging for the effective recovery of artery circulation and upper extremities functionality.Results:The average time of artery repairs for all the 19 damaged arteries among the 18 patients was 278 s and the average follow-up time was (71.5 ± 40.9)d with the longest follow-up time as 116 d and shortest as 14 d.No patient returned to the opera-ting room after the procedures and after being dismissed from the hospital.None of the 18 cases were re-ported to have problems with circulation and thrombosis formation in their upper extremities.Color Doppler imaging showed that the arterial anastomotic site for all the 19 repaired arteries were unobstructed with artery blood spectrum at both ends.Three patients with radial artery repairs complained about mild pressure pain at the site of vascular anastomosis;while the other 15 patients all expressed satisfactory outcomes of the surgery and recovery.These evidences indicated that the outcomes of our initial evalua-tion for the solitary upper extremity artery injury repairs by using anastomotic coupling devices were posi-tive.Conclusion:Our observations have showed that microvascular anastomotic coupling devices can be used for repairing of solitary upper extremity artery injures.The procedures are quick,effective and safe. The clinical application of this microvascular anastomotic coupling device in artery injures is promising, however,additional evidences through further clinical investigation with more cases are warranted.

Objective To explore the value of energy spectrum CT in the diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods Thirty-two hospitalized patients whose American Colledge of Radiology (ACR) breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) scores were 4-5 by mammography received non-enhanced spectral CT scans.The spectrum images,spectrum curve,lesion's size,morphology were observed,and also the pectoralis major muscle and axillary lymph node metastasis were evaluated and compared with mammography.Results Thirty-two patients were confirmed by pathology,including 16 cases of invasive duct carcinomas,1 case of medullary carcinoma,15 cases of lobular carcinomas,and 11 cases of the pectoralis major muscle invaded,9 cases of the axillary lymph nodes metastasis.ACR BI-RADS scores 4 were 23 cases,5 were 9 cases.Axillary lymph node metastasis and primary tumor spectrum curves were basically the same.Energy spectrum CT showed the lesion's shape,size,the relationship with the pectoralis major muscle and axillary lymph node metastasis.In 40-70 keV spectrum curve breast cancer displayed a downward trend.There were no significant differences between energy spectrum CT and mammography for the lesion's shape,edge,internal calcification and thickening of adjacent skin (P ＞ 0.05).While energy spectrum CT exhibited obvious advantages in demonstrating the pectoralis major muscle invaded and axillary lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Energy spectrum CT imaging displays greater clinical value for diagnosing breast cancer,and it can provide multi-parameter image for supporting clinical practice.

Objective To determine the expression of CD24 in colorectal carcinoma, and to explore the relationship between CD24 and the clinicopathological features of colorectal carcinoma.Methods The expression of CD24 in 62 cases of colorectal carcinoma, 47 cases of adenomas, 15 cases of colorectal polyps and 30 cases of the adjacent non-cancerous tissues were observed by immunohistochemical assay.The relationship between CD24 and the clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results The positive rates of CD24 in colorectal carcinoma 72.6％ and adenomas 63.8％ were significantly higher than those in colorectal hyperplastic polyps 13.3％ (x2 =17.83, P =0.00;x2 =11.61, P =0.00) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues 6.7％ (x2 =35.15, P =0.00;x2 =24.64, P =0.00).The expression of CD24 in colorectal carcinoma had a significant correlation with the tumor diameter (x2 =5.48, P =0.02), tumor differentiation (x2 =8.86, P =0.00), Duke staging (x2 =11.47, P =0.00) and lymph node metastasis (x2 =8.92, P =0.00).Conclusion The expression of CD24 is high in colorectal carcinoma, having a significant correlation with the size of tumor, degree of differentiation, Duke stage and lymph node metastasis.