We are facing increasing stress and challenges because of the fierce competition and fast pace of daily work and life.In other words,we are exposed to more frequent and intense social stress.Continual and intense stress is known to be detrimental to human well-being.Stress has been regarded as a major contributing factor of human diseases.There-fore,it′s necessary to review the recent research progress in stress biomarkers that are of different types,such as cortisol,α-amylase,catecholamine,heat shock protein and cytokines.In this review,we will focus on the most well reported stress biomarkers,including cortisol and α-amylase.We hope that this review will enable researchers and practitioners to gain in-sights into stress biomarkers,which will lead to improved healthcare decisions regarding prevention,treatment and rehabili-tation of stress-related diseases.

This paper summarized training status of the Master of Nursing Specialist (MNS) at home and abroad,described and analyzed the cultivation program at home and abroad,and discussed the problems about cultivation objective, enrollment, course system, specialty orientation, clinical training model, teaching method, connotation of practical ability, teachers strength, evaluation and assessment in cultivation of MNS in China. Then MNS training program is proposedso as to provide references for the future cultivation program of MNS in China.

It is a challenge for teachers to make students master pediatrics knowledge during internship period in the limited time. Department entrance education will encourage the students to study pediatrics. Clinical teaching includes performing ward inspection and clinical practice, moreover, the teaching should be based on how to solve clinical problems and focused on pediatrics characteristics. The practice and experience shows that clinical study in department of pediatrics wiu improve the students' comprehensive ability and help them lay a solid foundation for further work.

Acute bulbar palsy is considered an extremely rare manifestation of neuromuscular disorder in thyrotoxicosis.It happens abruptly and progresses quickly,sudden onset of dysphagia is common.It will endanger patient's life without proper treatment.The definite treatment of acute bulbar palsy in hyperthyroidism is to restore the euthyroid state.The dysphagia usually resolves within 3 to 4 weeks.In this article a case of thyrotoxicosis with acute bulbar palsy in reported herewith to call attention to the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of personal injuries in motorcycle accidents in Chongqing area to provide the reliable information and reference basis for reducing the injury and death risk of the motorcycle accidents.Methods Two hundreds and thirteen cases of motorcycle traffic accident occurred in Chongqing area from January 2015 to June 2016 were deeply collected,the collected contents included the basicinformation,driver information and personal injury,etc.Then accident data were statistically analyzed.Results The death rate of motorcycle drivers was higher than that of the pillion passengers.The death causes of craniocerebral injuries and craniocerebral injuries complicating thoracic and abdominal organ injuries accounted for 58.8％ and 20 ％ respectively,the proportions of head and neck,chest and back,lower extremity,upper extremity,abdominal and pelvic part and perineal part MAIS ≥2 were 71％,59％,33％,25％,20％ and 7％ respectively.The perineal injury rate of motorcycle drivers was higher than that of the pillion passengers.The ratio of occurrence rates between lower extremity fracture to upper extremity fracture was 1.8 ∶ 1,the persons in motorcycles-trucks accidents were easier to suffer from vehicle crushing.Conclusion Head and chest injuries are important causes leading to motorcycle drivers and pillion passengers' death and injury.The perineal injury can serve as an important basis for identifying the drivers and pillion passengers in partial motorcycle accidents.

Objective:To study the epidemiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in pupils of Zhenjiang urban districts. Methods: Questionnaire was designed and employed for parents of 3 698 pupils at schools in Zhenjiang urban districts. ADHD was diagnosed according to the international DSM-Ⅳ scale. Differences were determined by Qi-square test and multiple regression analysis. Results: Prevalence of ADHD was 6.54% in pupils of Zhenjiang urban districts, and was 9.14% in male pupils and 4.01% in female. There was significant difference between 2 gender groups (? 2=34.933,P

In allusion to the defects of traditional electronic sphygmomanometer in deflation process,this paper puts forward an innovative way which accomplishes the measure of blood pressure during charge process based on oscillometric method.It is proved to be more energy-saving,more subminiature,less measuring time and more stable for individual.

Objective:The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that inflammation is involved in the end-organ damage(EOD) induced by sinoaortic denervation(SAD) in rats.Method:SAD was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 10 weeks.Under anaesthesia,aortic nerves were cut and the sinus region of the carotid artery was stripped and painted with 10% phenol.Pathological evaluation of EOD and the determination of plasma or tissue levels of the factors related to inflammation,including thromboxane B2(TXB2) interleukin-1(IL-1),tumour necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) were performed at 16 weeks after SAD.Pathological evaluation of EOD included heart weigh ratio,myocardial and blood vessel hydroxyproline and collagen volume fraction,glomerular injury score and number of infiltrating inflammatory cells.Indomethacin(20 mg/kg per day,orally) or vitamin E(100 mg/kg per day,orally) was administered for 12 weeks,beginning from4 weeks after SAD,to observe their effects on SAD-induced EOD.Results:There were significant fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration in the myocardium and blood vessels,represented by higher hydroxyproline and collagen volume fraction,and a large amount of inflammatory cells in the tissues of SAD rats.Heart weight and kidney glomerular injury score were significantly higher in ed significantly after SAD.Indomethacin and vitamin E significantly decreased the contents of some factors related to inflammation in SAD rats.Both drugs also alleviated myocardial and vessel fibrosis,inflammatory infiltration and kidney damage.Conclusion:Inflammation is involved in the organ damage induced by SAD in rats.

Purpose To investigate the expression of IMP3 and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics in breast cancer.Methods By the tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemical EliVision two-step method, expression of IMP3 was detected in 214 cases of breast carcinoma.Results Of the 214 breast cancer cases,IMP3 expression was seen in 31(14.49%). IMP3 expression in the tumor cells was positively correlated with histological grade (P=0.005), proliferative index labeled by Ki-67 (P=0.033) and triple negative phenotype (P<0.001). There were no associations between IMP3 expression and age, tumor size, lymph node metastases, pTNM stage or p53 expression (P>0.05).Conclusions Expression of IMP3 is correlated with higher histologic grade, higher proliferative activity and triple negative breast carcinoma.Our findings indicate that IMP3 plays an important role in breast cancer progression, and IMP3 could be an adjuvant diagnostic marker in triple negative breast carcinoma.

Objective To observe the mechanisms that Xiaoyao powder influences the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of chronic-stress rats. Methods Chronic stress rats were as researching object,and RU-38486 acted as tool drugs. The serum-GC density of rats were tested with ELISA,and the glucocortcoid(GR) in hippocampus neuron were tested with immunofluorescence,the CRH mRNA in hypothalamus were tested by in situ hybridization (ISH). Results Compared with normal group ( 1.09 ± 0.11 ;0.57 ± 0.10), the expression of GR in hippocampus of model group decreased(0.65 ± 0. 10; P ＜ 0. 01 ), and the expression of CRH mRNA in hypothalamus of model group increased ( 1.12 ±0. 11; P＜0. 0l ) ,the GR in hippocampus of RU-38486 group increased ( 1.59 ± 0. 11; P ＜ 0. 01 ), and the expression of CRH mRNA in hypothalamus of RU-38486 group reduced (0.48±0.10; P＜0.05) ,but both the expression of GR in hippocampus and the CRH mRNA in hypothalamus of Xiaoyao powder group were no change (0.62 ±0.08;0.97 ±0.13; P＞0.05). Compared with model group,both the expression of GR in hippocampus of RU-38486 and Xiaoyao powder group increased (P＜0. 01) ,and both the expression of CRH mRNA in hypothalamus of RU-38486 and Xiaoyao powder group reduced (P＜0.01). Conclusion Multi-stress can result in the expression of GR in hippocampus of rats decreasing and the expression of CRH mRNA in hypothalamus increasing, but those changes can be restrained by Xiaoyao powder, and it is the maybe mechanism of Xiaoyao Powder resisting chronic stress in HPA axis.