Objective:To evaluate the analgesic effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in osteoarthritis model and the changes of Nav1.8 protein expression in spinal ganglia changes.Method:Animal model of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) was established by intra-articular injection of 4％ papain solution 0.3ml into SD rat right knee.After the formation of arthritis,they were randomly divided into two groups at the 2nd day:BTX-A group (n=10):intra-articular injection of 5μl BTX-A 0.1IU;WFI group (n=10):intra-articular injection of 5μl water.No papain or BXT-A was given to the sham group (n=10).At the 1st,3rd,5th day after injection,we tested the pain behavior,thermal pain threshold,and sodium channel 1.8 (Nav1.8) protein expression in spinal ganglion by using immunohistochemistry.Result:Analysis of spontaneous pain behavior showed abnormal gait caused by rat osteoarthritis.Comparing with the WFI group,abnormal gait caused by osteoarthritis improved significantly in BTX-A group.At day 5 it improved more significantly than day 1 and day 3.Thermal pain threshold of BTX-A group increased more than that of WFI group (P＜0.05) at any time point.Abnormal high Nav1.8 protein in model rats decreased in spinal ganglia for BTX-A group.Conclusion:The intra-articular injection of BTX-A may play the analgesic effect in the model of KOA by down-regulating of the expression of Nav1.8 protein in spinal ganglia and reduction in the central sensitization to pain stimulation.

Objective To know the blood lead level of children aged 3-14 years in some areas of Guangdong province. Methods Stratified-clustered-random sampling and simple random sampling were used. 1905 children aged 3-14 years were chosen from Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Shaoguan,Zhaoqing and Lianping and the blood lead level was tested by ICP-MS. Results The mean lead level of children aged 3-14 years was 69.55 ?g/L. The rate of exceed standard limit of blood lead was 16.4% (≥100 ?g/L). The differences of the blood lead level and the rate of lead poisoning of children among different areas were significant. The blood lead level and the rate of lead poisoning of children in Shaoguan were highest in the investigated areas. The blood lead level and the rate of lead poisoning of children aged 3 years were higher than those in the other age groups. The blood lead level of boys was higher than that of girls. Conclusion The blood lead level and the rate of children lead poisoning in the underdeveloped cities and rural areas are higher.

Objective:To examine the utilization and cost of outpatient care and their influencing fac-tors among middle and aged peasant-workers in China. Methods:The data of China Health and Retire-ment Longitudinal Study ( CHARLS) collected in 2011-2012 were used and the data on peasant-workers aged 45 years and older were analyzed with Two-part Model. Results: The four-week outpatient rate of middle and aged peasant-workers was 13. 7% (407/2 974). The determinants of the rate included gen-der, marital status, economic level, household size, the place of insurance enrollment, self-assessed health and having or having no chronic diseases. The average outpatient cost was (400. 3 ± 56. 7) yuan (RMB) and the median was 138. 0 yuan. Multivariate analyses showed that outpatient costs were higher for those males who lived in Eastern China and worked at the same place with insurance enrollment, with fair to bad self-assessed health and chronic diseases. Conclusion:Allowing higher flexibility for migrants to transfer the new rural cooperative medical system ( NCMS ) between rural and urban areas and thus making reimbursement for medical services provided by undesignated providers received immediately could increase the use of outpatient services.

Complete video-assisted thoracic surgery (cVATS) for lung cancer has the advantages of significantly minimal trauma, markedly light postoperative pain and rapid post-operative recovery, which has been increasingly applied in clinic.Its main operation methods consist of lobectomy, segmentectomy, pneumonectomy and sleeve lobectomy.cVATS for lung cancer can achieve the same radical tumor resection and lymph node dissection as the open thoracotomy, which contributes to a satisfactory long-term outcome.

Objective The purpose of the study was to explore influence of family factors on dietary behavior of primary and secondary studen t s in Guangzhou city, in order to provide suggestions for intervention of dietary behavi or. Methods The study population included 1 539 student-parent s pairs selected from Guangzhou city by using the method of stratified multistage cluster random sampling, and data were collected through questionnaires. Results The ratio of parents who often reminded and forced the ir children to eat some fo od they thought of as nutrition were 56.0% and 7.7%, and 39.7%, 29.2% of ch ildren complied with their parents, respectively. At dinner, 14.8% and 27.5% of parents often and sometimes criticized their children, and the ratio of childre n couldn't eat anything and only eat a little food were 5.9%,19.3%, respectively . Forty-two point three of primary and secondary school students watched televi sion wh en they had a dinner, which made 39.4% of students not eat seriously. C onclusions Dietary behavior of primary and secondary school students is influenced strongly by their parents and family environment, it is necessary for parents and themselves to grasp enough nutritional knowledge.

Objective To study the reconstructive treatment of the different types of neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis in different locations. Methods 37 patients with neurobibroma or neurofibromatosis were reviewed, including 8 cases with simple suture after excision, 9 cases with skin grafting in situ, 12 cases with skin flap grafting. The main points of the treating methods for different types of neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis were discussed, and the chief clinical manifestations, therapeutic principle and notices of the operation were then summarized.Results These 37 patients, including 25 cases of neurofibroma, 11 cases of neurofibromatosis typeⅠ and 1 case of neurofibromatosis type Ⅱ, were satisfied with the results after reconstructive operation. Conclusion The methods of reconstructive operation of neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis, such as simple suture after excision, skin grafting in situ, skin flap grafting, the use of skin soft tissue expansion, microskin grafting and so on, must be selected according to the different type and location of the neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis. The reconstructive operation must guarantee the best recovery of the visage and the function on the basis of the most degree of tumor excision.

Objective: To evaluate the value malnutrition-inflammation score(MIS) for the nutritional status in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods: Eighty patients with maintenance hemodiaqlysis were selected in this study.MIS was used to access the nutritional status in these patients.At the same time,the laboratory indexes including serum albumin(ALB),transferrin(TRF),hemoglobin(Hb),serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),C-reactive protein(CRP),serum calcium(Ca) and phosphorus(P) were measured,and Kt/v,urea reduction ratio(URR) and protein catabolic rate(PCR) were calculated.The body composition was also measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis after postdialysis,including body weight(WT),body mass index(BMI),fat mass(FAT MASS),fat-free mass(FFM) and total body water(TBW).Results: The abnormal rates of these nutritional marker were: protein malnutrition(ALB1.8 mmol/L) 70.0%,respectively.All patients were mild or moderate malnutrition by MIS.MIS showed a significant correlation with WT,BMI,ALB,TRF,Hb and CRP(P﹤0.001,P

Objective To learn the disease status and living conditions of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) patients and implementation of related control measures in Aba Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province.Methods A total of 26 KBD villages and 12 non-KBD villages nearby were selected in Aba Autonomous Prefecture with stratified cluster sampling method in the year of 2009 to 2011.One thousand three hundred and forty-seven KBD patients from KBD villages and 447 residents from non-KBD villages were interviewed with a self-designed questionnaire.The investigation includes:①General demographic characteristics such as name,gender,age,educational level,family income,marital status and so on.②The basic information about KBD patients including the time and location of diagnosis,treatment,hand X ray diagnosis taken or not and suffering from dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis.③The basic living habits such as drinking water,staple food sources,staple food types,grain storage places,tea-drinking habits and so on.Results A total of 522 (38.8％,522/1 347) KBD patients and 12 (2.7％,12/447) controls were confirmed that their parents were KBD patients.The vast majority of KBD patients (99.0％,1 334/1 347) were diagnosed in county of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention or county level hospitals within 2-5 years after onset of the disease and 97.6％ of them (1 314/1 347) treated their disease by taking painkillers,sodium selenite or vitamin E.Most KBD patients had suffered from dental fluorosis (66.3％,893/1 347) and skeletal fluorosis (59.9％,807/1 347).Both the KBD patients and the controls mainly drank river water and 96.7％ of them (1 716/1 774) took locally grown food,93.5％ of them (1 660/1 775) took barley and corn as staple food in the past (before the year of 2004).But now (from the year of 2004 until now) they mainly drink tap water and 96.9％ of them (1 727/1 783) take commodity grain or two kinds of source food,98.4％ of them (1 765/1 794)changed their staple food to rice and flour.94.1％ of KBD patients (1 267/1 347) used to drink tea.Conclusions The measures of changing water and grain are well implemented in Aba Autonomous Prefecture.The government should improve the overall local KBD disease status and the quality of life of KBD patients by taking health promotion and prevention in key families,strengthening the local medical security system and targeted treatment combined with specific local conditions.

Objective To evaluate the performance of surgical approaches in the treatment of linear scleroderma of the head and face. Methods Forty-three patients with stable linear scleroderma of the head and face were included in this study. Surgical approaches, which included direct suture,skin flap translocation, soft-tissue augmentation and filling operation with dermal tissues, were selected and utilized alone or in combination according to the size, location and degree of atrophy and depression of lesions. Results After surgical treatment, wound dehiscence developed in one of these patients, but the wound healed after two sessions of suture. During one year of follow up, all the patients achieved favorite color, feeling and blood supply in the filling areas as well as good facial profile and visual appearance with no obvious convexity and concavity. Skin flaps matched well with surrounding tissues, incision lines were inconspicuous, and hairline looked naturally with well-distributed hairs in these patients after treatment. Patients were satisfied with treatment results. Conclusion Satisfied cosmetic outcomes can be achieved by using surgical approaches in patients with stable linear scleroderma of the head and face.

At present,the AIDS epidemic situation in college students is becoming more and more serious.In view of the particularity of colleges students and the lack of professional team for AIDS prevention and control in colleges and universities,there exists ethical issues when carry out the prevention and control for AIDS in colleges and universities such as the ethical issue in publicity and education,the ethical issue in AIDS behavioral intervention,the ethical issue in the consultation and detection for AIDS.This paper suggests that it should confront the current situation of AIDS prevention and control,improve the professional level of carrying out AIDS prevention and control,adhere to the necessary principles of AIDS prevention and control,and explore a new mode to construct AIDS prevention and control in colleges and universities.