Understanding inter-species transmission of influenza viruses is an important research topic. Scientists try to identify and evaluate the functional factors determining the host range of influenza viruses by generating the recombinant viruses through reverse genetics in laboratories, which reveals the viruses' molecular mechanisms of infection and transmission in different species. Therefore, the reverse genetic method is a very important tool for further understanding the biology of influenza viruses and will provide the insight for the prevention and treatment of infections and transmission. However, these recombinant influenza viruses generated in laboratories will become the potential threat to the public health and the environment. In this paper, we discussed the biological safety issues of recombinant influenza viruses and suggested we should set up protocols for risk management on research activities related to recombinant highly pathogenic influenza viruses.
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; Laboratories ; Microbiology ; Orthomyxoviridae ; genetics ; Public Health ; Reassortant Viruses ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Safety

Skeletal muscle is essential for the glucose disposal in organism, which is one of the major sites of insulin resistance.The over-activity of classical renin-angiotensin system ( RAS) induces the oxidative stress, leads to the impairment of insulin signaling and glucose transport, resulting in insulin resistance of skeleton muscle.The activation of non-classical RAS by inhibiting classical RAS activity, can ameliorate insulin resistance in skeletal muscle tissue.

Objective To research the effects of metformin on proliferation and apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and investigate the role of Foxp3 in the effect.Methods The inhibit rate of MCF-7 cells was measured by MTT assay after 48 h metformin treatment(5 mmol/L、10 mmol/L、20 mmol/L).Metformin-induced cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258 stai-ning and flow cytometry.The expression levels of Foxp3 and caspase-3 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR.Expression of Foxp3 protein was detected by Western blot.Results Metformin markedly inhibited proliferation of MCF-7(P<0.05)compared with control group.And the early apoptotic rates increased to 3.76%,8.96%,and 18.67% with 5 mmol/L、10 mmol/L、20 mmol/L metformin treatment,respectively.Metformin increased caspase-3 mRNA expression levels,and decreased the expression levels of Foxp3 mRNA and protein expression levels(P<0.05,vs.control).Conclusion Metformin could inhibit the proliferation and in-duce apoptosis of MCF-7,and its mechanism maybe related to down-regulated expression of Foxp3.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), one of the major pathogens of viral hepatitis, causes significant hazards in humans. Interferon treatment in combination with ribavirin is used as the first line clinical treatment for HCV infection. However, good response to this treatment has only been observed in few patients and repeated recurrence has also been reported frequently. Therefore, new antiviral agents and therapies are in urgent demand. Here, we report a newly constructed Escherichia coli RNase P based M1GS ribozyme that can specifically and efficiently target the core gene of HCV. The guide sequence (GS) of this M1IGS was designed according to the sequence of the core coding region of HCV genome. The GS was then covalently linked to the 3' terminus of M1 RNA, the catalytic subunit of RNase P from Escherichia coli. The specification of this sequence-specific ribozyme, M1GS, was then examined using an in vitro cleavage assay. The cytotoxicity and its activity in inhibition of HCV gene expression and viral proliferation were further studied in vivo. Our results show that the reconstructed M1GS ribozyme displayed obvious catalytic activity in cleaving target mRNAs fragment in vitro. Notable reduction in the expression of HCV core protein and a 1 000-fold reduction in viral growth were also observed in cultured HCV infected Huh7.5.1 cells expressing the functional M1GS ribozyme. This study demonstrated a direct evidence for the antiviral activity of the customized M1GS-HCV/C141 ribozyme, and thus provided a promising new strategy for clinical treatment of HCV infection.
Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; physiology ; RNA, Catalytic ; genetics ; pharmacology ; RNA, Guide ; genetics ; Ribonuclease P ; genetics ; Viral Core Proteins ; genetics

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse reaction of the combination of fiudarabine,cytarabine and granulocytecolony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (FLAG regime) therapy for refractory and relapsed acute leukemia in children. Methods From 2004 to date, a total of 9 patients with relapsed and refractory acute leukemia patients in our hospital accepted the treatment, in 9 cases 8 cases were AML,1cases were ALL; in 9 cases 5 cases were refractory acute leukemia, 4 cases were recurrent acute leukemia.Results Among the 9 cases,6 cases with 1 cycles of chemotherapy achieved complete remission (CR),CR rate was 66.7 ％ (6/9); partial remission (PR) rate was 22.2 ％ (2/9),total efficiency (CR+PR) was 88.9 ％.In 6 CR patients 2 underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, are disease-free survival; this regimen' s main adverse reactions were infection,bone marrow depression and gastrointestinal reaction.Conclusion The remission rate of FLAG regimen in the treatment of children with refractory and relapsed acute leukemia is relatively high, adverse reactions were tolerable; the FLAG program is a choice for the treatment of children with refractory and relapsed acute leukemia,which provides the opportunity for subsequent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of the injection Salvia (freeze-dried, abbr: Salvia powder needle), with fallopian tube recanalization on the treatment of oviduct obstructive infertility. Methods One hundred and ninety-five patients of oviduct obstructive infertility were enrolled in this study and divided into drug group and control group. Salpingography with modified catheter, recanalization and perfusion operation were performed in both two groups. Salvia powder, gentamicin, α-ACT and dexamethasone were injected into test group, while Gentamicin, α-ACT and dexamethasone were injected into control group. Recanalization rate of fallopian tube, rate of intrauterine gestation and rate of ectopic pregancancy were measured and compared between two groups. Results Twelve months after operation, recanalization of fallopian tube of test group and control group was 94.39% and 85.87%, respectively. Twenty-four months after operation, intrauterine gestation rate of test group and control group was 50.00% and 35.71%, respectively. Conclusion Salvia powder combined with modified recanalization operation is helpful to improve the rate of intrauterine gestation.

Objective:To explore changes of peripheral blood levels of C reactive protein (CRP)and matrix metallo-proteinase-9 (MMP-9)in patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD)and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),and analyze their relationship with patients'prognosis.Methods:A total of 278 CHD patients undergoing PCI in our hospital from Jul 2009 to Apr 2011 were regarded as PCI group;another 234 CHD patients not receiving PCI were enrolled as CHD control group.According to results of coronary angiography,PCI group was further di-vided into single-vessel (n=143),double-vessel (n=92)and triple-vessel disease group (n=43).Changes of CRP and MMP-9 levels were compared between two groups in different time,and the relationship among these two in-flammatory factors and coronary disease,its prognosis was analyzed.Results:Compared with on admission,there were significant rise in levels of CRP [(2.43±0.62)mg/L vs.(2.87±0.73)mg/L,(2.98±0.87)mg/L]and MMP-9 [(12.63±2.68)ng/ml vs.(14.62±3.49)ng/ml,(19.62±4.63)ng/ml]in PCI group on 24h and 48h after PCI,P <0.05~<0.01;there were no significant difference in CRP and MMP-9 levels between on admission and 14d after PCI,P >0.05;The more severe coronary lesion was,the higher CRP and MMP-9 levels were,CRP and MMP-9 levels of triple-vessel group [(2.51 ±0.64)mg/L,(14.67±2.97)ng/ml]were significantly higher than those of single-vessel group [(1.83±0.51)mg/L,(9.68±1.42)ng/ml]and double-vessel group [(2.17±0.59) mg/L,(11.62±2.19)ng/ml],P <0.05~<0.01;incidence rates of cardiovascular events in patients with CRP≥3 mg/L and MMP-9≥15 ng/ml (33.3%,29.1%)were significantly higher than those of patients with CRP <3 mg/L and MMP-9<15 ng/ml (16.1%,18.2%)respectively,P <0.05 both.Conclusion:Serum levels of CRP and MMP-9 significantly rise in CHD patients on 48h after PCI,and their increasing level is related with extent of coronary ar-tery lesion and prognosis.

Objective By studying the different blood volume blood donors machine adopt platelet product aggregation,platelet content,the machine adopt circulating volume,etc,analysis of different blood volume machine adopt donors on appropriate conditions.Methods The base material of randomly selected 307 blood donors,through blood related index in the study of circulating volume,blood volume,gender,platelets,Hct,Pct count before collection,machine adopt of platelet aggregation and the relationship between the acquisition time;different blood volume,blood platelet count grouping machine adopt the different of platelet aggregation rate,different amount of platelets collect blood volume group,the comparison of blood circulation.The use of statistical software SPSS 17.0,data analysis,analysis including multiple regression analysis,chi-square test,t test,etc.Results 1)The lower count of platelets,Hct,Pct count before collection,the longer the acquisition time,and gender and Pct has nothing to do with the acquisition time the longer the acquisition time,the higher the machine adopt the possibility of platelet aggregation.2)Low blood volume and low platelet count group,machine mining platelet aggregation rate is higher.3)Machine adopt donors of blood volume is higher,the machine adopt the platelet collection amount,the more and the less blood circulation.Conclusion According to the different blood volume blood donors check-up indicators,further carries on the reasonable analysis,optimized machine mining scheme,especially to reasonable arrangement of low blood volume blood donors,so as to improve the quality of platelet collection.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for establishing and improving clinical pharmacists' working mode in women-children special hospital.METHODS: The work carried out by clinical-medical-nursing team and the situation of clinical pharmacists' involvement in clinical treatment were summarized retrospectively.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The medication safety in women-children special hospital has specificity and urgency,and the establishment of clinical-medical-nursing team is an important approach to realize clinical safe and rational drug use.A platform for clinical pharmacists under unified management of organization and system requirement should be set up in hospital to explore a clinical pharmacy working mode with the characteristics of special hospital,carry out clinical pharmacy research and search for quality management and performance management method for clinical pharmacists.

Objective To study the reconstructive treatment of the different types of neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis in different locations. Methods 37 patients with neurobibroma or neurofibromatosis were reviewed, including 8 cases with simple suture after excision, 9 cases with skin grafting in situ, 12 cases with skin flap grafting. The main points of the treating methods for different types of neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis were discussed, and the chief clinical manifestations, therapeutic principle and notices of the operation were then summarized.Results These 37 patients, including 25 cases of neurofibroma, 11 cases of neurofibromatosis typeⅠ and 1 case of neurofibromatosis type Ⅱ, were satisfied with the results after reconstructive operation. Conclusion The methods of reconstructive operation of neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis, such as simple suture after excision, skin grafting in situ, skin flap grafting, the use of skin soft tissue expansion, microskin grafting and so on, must be selected according to the different type and location of the neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis. The reconstructive operation must guarantee the best recovery of the visage and the function on the basis of the most degree of tumor excision.