OBJECTIVE: To introduce the basic functions, working conditions and requirements of bioreactot, additional, to discuss the research process of bioreactor.METHODS: PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.) and CNKI database (www.cnki.nat/index.htm) were retrieved by the first author with search terms of "bioartificial liver, bioreactor, membrane material" both in English and Chinese. The time was limited between January 1994 and August 2009. Inclusion criteria: ①literatures closely linked to the article; ②papers published in more authoritative journals in recent years. ③the contents of old or duplicate documents were excluded.RESULTS: Totally 150 documents were seized by primary screen, 88 irrelative papers and 32 duplicate documents were excluded, finally, 30 literature entered further analysis. Bioartificial liver system has become an effective in vitro supportive treatment for hepatic failure patients. Bioreactor is an important ingredient of bioartificial liver, which provided a platform for the hepatocytes growth metabolism, substances exchange and immune isolation. The main cellulose semipermeable bioreactor comprises fiat membrane bioreactor and hollow fiber bioreactor, and the main types of semipermeable membranes contain mixed cellulose ester membrane, cellulose acetate membrane, cuprophan membrane, PVDF membrane, as well as poly(ethylene terephthalate) membrane.CONCLUSION: As a dynamic system, the optimal of control system in bioreactor is conductive to regulating mass transfer and establishing bionic physical or chemical gradients, which can implement the construction of hepatocyte with smallest unit. The selection of membrane is the key link in bioreactor construction of bioartificial liver system

Objective To assess the value of transrectal echography(TRE) in diagnosing peri-rectal lesions. Methods The echography images of 287 cases of peri-rectal lesions were retrospectively analyzed,and contrasted with the results of postoperative pathologic examination and the final clinical diagnosis. Results 83 cases of peri-rectal recess lesions were found by TRE, and the occurate rate of diagnosis was 91%. 123 cases of peri-rectal viscera lesions were found by TRE, and the accurate rate of diagnosis was 94%. Conclusion TRE plays an role in the diagnosis of peri-rectal recess and viscera lesions, and in the dynamic and real-time detection of the obstructive causes of bladder orifice.

Objective To determine the expression of c-myc and CD24 in colorectal carcinoma,colo-rectal polyp and normal mucosa,and to explore the role and correlation of them in the carcinogenesis of colorec-tal carcinoma. Methods The expression of c-myc and CD24 in colorectal carcinoma(n = 60),colorectal ade-nomatous polyp(n = 45),colorectal hyperplastic polyp(n = 15)and the adjacent non-cancerous tissue(n =30)was observed by immunohistochemical assay. Results The positive rate of c-myc in colorectal carcinoma were 73. 3% ,significantly higher than that in colorectal adenomatous polyp 44. 4%( χ2 = 9. 016 8,P <0. 01),colorectal hyperplastic polyp 13. 3%(χ2 = 18. 215 9,P < 0. 01)and adjacent non-cancerous tissue 6. 7%(χ2 = 25. 133 0,P < 0. 01);the positive rate of CD24 in colorectal carcinoma was 76. 7% ,significantly higher than that in colorectal hyperplastic polyp 6. 7%(χ2 = 25. 133 0,P < 0. 01)and adjacent non-cancerous tissue 3. 3%(χ2 = 43. 107 4,P < 0. 01). c-myc expression in colon cancer was significantly correlated with cancer site(χ2 = 8. 352 3,P < 0. 01),lymph node metastasis(χ2 = 4. 275 1,P < 0. 05),differentiation (χ2 = 4. 115 3,P < 0. 05)and TNM stage(χ2 = 5. 739 9,P < 0. 05). CD24 expression in colon cancer was significantly correlated with cancer size(χ2 = 9. 333 6,P < 0. 01),lymph node metastasis(χ2 = 7. 693 0,P <0. 01),differentiation(χ2 = 5. 870 0,P < 0. 05)and TNM stage(χ2 = 4. 498 7,P < 0. 05). There was a pos-itive correlation relationship between CD24 and c-myc in colorectal carcinoma tissue(χ2 = 10. 824 9,r = 0. 39, P < 0. 05). Conclusion The expression of c-myc and CD24 are high in colorectal cancer,having a significant correlation with some of the clinicaopathological features. c-myc is likely to act as a downstream target gene of CD24 signaling pathway,whose expression is probably regulated by CD24 in colorectal carcinoma tissue.

Objective To determine the expression of CD24 in colorectal carcinoma, and to explore the relationship between CD24 and the clinicopathological features of colorectal carcinoma.Methods The expression of CD24 in 62 cases of colorectal carcinoma, 47 cases of adenomas, 15 cases of colorectal polyps and 30 cases of the adjacent non-cancerous tissues were observed by immunohistochemical assay.The relationship between CD24 and the clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results The positive rates of CD24 in colorectal carcinoma 72.6％ and adenomas 63.8％ were significantly higher than those in colorectal hyperplastic polyps 13.3％ (x2 =17.83, P =0.00;x2 =11.61, P =0.00) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues 6.7％ (x2 =35.15, P =0.00;x2 =24.64, P =0.00).The expression of CD24 in colorectal carcinoma had a significant correlation with the tumor diameter (x2 =5.48, P =0.02), tumor differentiation (x2 =8.86, P =0.00), Duke staging (x2 =11.47, P =0.00) and lymph node metastasis (x2 =8.92, P =0.00).Conclusion The expression of CD24 is high in colorectal carcinoma, having a significant correlation with the size of tumor, degree of differentiation, Duke stage and lymph node metastasis.

Aim To establish a set of consummate evaluation methods of animal models which are with syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine.Method By means of 2,4-dinitrophenol-induced fever syndrome model for the entry point,making use of meta bonomics as the platform,through analyzing metabolic fingerprint data of rat urine in the control and model group and metabolome of rat urine in model group at different time intervals,to approach the evaluation methods of animal models.Results Through research by metabonomics,the results showed that 2,4-dinitrophenol-induced animal models consisted with clinical fever syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine.Conclusion Metabonomics can be used for evaluation studies of animal models which are with syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine.

The rapid mutation and widely spread of duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) lead to the vast economic loss of the duck industry. To prepare and evaluate bivalent inactivated vaccine laboratory products of DHAV, 6 strains were screened from 201 DHAV-1 strains and 38 DHAV-3 strains by using serotype epidemiological analysis in most of the duck factory. Vaccine candidate strains were selected by ELD50 and LD50 tests in the 6 strains. Continuously passaged, the 5th passaged duck embryos bodies grinding fluid was selected as vaccine virus seeds. The virus seeds were treated with formaldehyde and water in oil in water (W/O/W) emulsions, making into three batches of two bivalent inactivated vaccine laboratory products. The safety test, antibody neutralization test, challenged protection and cross immune protection experiment suggested that the vaccines possessed good safety, and neutralizing antibodies were detected at 7th day and the challenged protection rate reached 90% to 100% at the 14th and 21st day. Moreover, immune duration of ducklings lasted more than five weeks. However, cross-immunity protection experiments with DHAV-SH and DHAV-FS only had 20%-30%. The two bivalent inactivated vaccine laboratory products of duck viral hepatitis were effective and reliable, providing a new method as well as a new product for DHAV prevention and control.
Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; blood ; Ducks ; virology ; Hepatitis Virus, Duck ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal ; prevention & control ; virology ; Neutralization Tests ; Picornaviridae Infections ; prevention & control ; veterinary ; Poultry Diseases ; prevention & control ; virology ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; immunology ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines ; immunology

Objective We sought to evaluate the efficacy of bipolar radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery,and to determine independent factors affecting the recurrence.Methods From June 2007 through February 2010,81 patients with atrial fibrillation underwent a modified Cox-Maze Ⅳ procedure using a biopolar radiofrequency device( Medtronic in 32 cases,Atricure in 49 cases).There were 45 males and 36 females,aged (48.2 ± 11.0)years,including 26 cases of permanent AF,44 cases of persistent AF and 11 cases of paroxysmal AF.The mean duration time of AF was (7.56 ± 7.47 ) years.The left atrial diameter were 36 ～ 72 mm.In conjunction with cardiac surgery including:mitral valve replacement (MVR) (or add tricuspid valve plasty (TVP) in 33 cases,mitral and aortic valve replacement (DVR)( or add TVP) in 18 cases,off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) in 16 cases,aortic valve replacement (AVR) in 4 cases,MVR and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 1 case,mitral valve plasty (MVP) in 1 case,and others in 8 cases.Among them,22 patients were undergoing electrophysiological mapping by high-frequency bipolar stimulation from June 2009 to February 2010.A follow-up of 12 to 44 months was completed.Recurrences were evaluated by 12-lead ECG or 24 hour Holter recording every clinic visit-1,3,6,9,and 12 months after the procedure and yearly thereafter,or if symptoms developed.Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine independent factors affecting the recurrence.Results Hospital mortality was 1.23％.The successful ablation of AF were 100％,82.5％,and 84.8％ immediately after operation,at discharge,and at 2(6.1 ± 13.6) months after operation respectively.Multinomial regression analysis showed small left atrium ( ＜ 60 mm),and electrophysiological mapping might contribute better sinus rhythm restoration ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Bipolar radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is safe and effective.Small left atrium ( ＜ 60mm) and electrophysiological mapping should be considered to improve results in selected patients.

Objective To review retrospectively the experience of surgical treatment of Ebstein anomaly in 45 adult patients.Methods Between January 2008 and December 2011,45 adult patients underwent surgery for Ebstein anomaly.There were 14 male and 31 female patients aged 18 to 61 years (mean,39 years).The main symptoms included chest tightness,shortness of breath,palpitation.25 patients had cyanosis,while 6 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.Preoperative echocardiography: The septal downward from 2.5 cm to 7.5 cm,average 4.2 cm; the posterior leaflet downward 3.0 cm to 8.0cm,average 5.1 cm.Tricuspid incompetence was moderate in 6 patients and severe in 29.According to Carpentier classification,5 cases of type A,30 type B,type C in 6 cases.Preoperative New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional class Ⅱin 14 cases,Ⅲ 30 cases,Ⅳ in 1 cases.Surgical procedures included modified Danielson's in 15 patients,modified Carpentier's in 23,and 7 patients underwent tricuspid valve replacement(incloud 4 secondary operations).The ratio of tricuspid valve repair was 84.4％.Autologous pericardium patch was used to reconstruct the septal and posterior leaflets in 5 cases.Intraoperative use of annuloplasty rings in 21 cases.Results There were 2 hospital deaths with a postoperative mortality of 4.4％.The main causes of death were low cardiac output and right heart failure.Operation to discharge time was (8.0 ± 3.8)days.The follow up time was 2 to 46 months.Echocardiography examination: Within the 32 patients of severe tricuspid regurgitation before tricuspid valve plasty,16 patients’ tricuspid regurgitation disappeared,13 patients with mild regurgitation,3 moderate regurgitation.Within 5 patients of moderate tricuspid regurgitation before tricuspid valve plasty,4 cases tricuspid regurgitation disappeared after operation,1 case tricuspid valve mild regurgitation.Tricuspid valve leaflets were at normal levels,the atrialized portion of the ventricular disappeared.The heart function improved to be NYHA class Ⅰ to Ⅱ in 95 ％ of the survived patients.Conclusion Operative method of Ebstein anomaly sould be selected according to the type of pathoanatomies.Tricuspid valve repair should be performed to the best of our ability.

Objective Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) refers to the systolic regurgitation of mitral valve secondary to compromised cardiac function or geometry abnormity with non-organic change of leaflets and ancillary parts of the valve.Severe aortic insufficiency (AI) with left ventricular dilation and dysfunction is clinically a complex heart disease and its postoperative complications and mortality are higher than usual valvular surgery.And such patients are often accompanied by FMR.It is generally acknowledged that FMR may improve after aortic valve replacement (AVR).This study follow up AI patients with left ventricular dilation and dysfunction and preoperative 2 + ＜ FMR ≤3 + to evaluate the outcome of FMR after AVR.Preoperative clinical data is assessed by regression analysis.Methods From January 2000 to April 2011,74 cases of patients were treated,who with severe aortic regurgitation combined with left ventricular dilation (left ventricle,LVEDD ≥ 70 mm) and dysfunction (left ventricle ejection fraction,LVEF ≤ 0.35) accompanied by 2 + ＜ FMR ≤3 +.Postoperative follow-up was performed.Calculation FMR preoperative/FMR postoperative ratio,the age,sex,weight,high blood pressure,ventricular arrhythmia,atrium fibrillation,LVEDD,LVEF,left atrium diameter(LAD),pulmonary artery pressure (PAH),mitral leaflet coaptation point and the mitral annular(CPMA).All factors for logistic multiple faotors regression analysis.Results The perioperative mortality rate was 8.1％.Average follow-up time was (14.9 ± 7.7) months and follow-up rate of 83.6％.5 patients died during follow-up.6 months after surgery,the average of FMR was 2.64 ± 1.17 (+),P ＞0.05 compared with preoperative data.LVEDD,LAD,CPMA,P ＞0.05 compared with the preoperative data.LVEF,PAH,both P ＜0.05 compared with preoperative data.3.Multiple regression analysis:FMR preoperative/FMR postoperative ratio is not correlated with age,gender,weight,LVEDD ≥75 mm,LVEF≤0.30,hypertension,ventricular arrhythmia and FMR postoperative improvement.However,PAH ≥50 mm Hg,LAD ≥50 mm,PAH ≥50 mm Hg,CPMA ≥ 15 mm,preoperative atrial fibrillation was negatively correlated with FMR postoperative improvement.Conclusion Severe AI with left ventricular dilation and dysfunction is a critical clinical heart disease and its postoperative complications and mortality were high.PAH ≥50 mm Hg,LAD ≥50 mm,PAH ≥50 mm Hg,CPMA ≥15 mm,preoperative atrial fibrillation was negatively correlated with FMR postoperative improvement.Since patients with 2 + ＜ FMR≤3 + usually do not improve or even worsen after AVR,those who have these above conditions preoperatively,should be treated on FMR during AVR.