BACKGROUND:Previous experiments reported that basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) can change the shape of corneal endothelial cells,accelerate cell division and chemotaxis,and repair corneal endothelia cells injury in vivo and in vitro. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of bFGF on cat corneal endothelial cells proliferation. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The cell morphological observation was performed at the Central Laboratory of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University between January 2005 and December 2006. MATERIALS:Domestic cats were purchased from Experimental Animal Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University. METHODS:The corneal endothelial cells of cats were primarily cultured,and neurone specific enolase(NSE) immunocytochemistry staining was performed. After cell passage,bFGF(1,10,100 ?g/L) was added,continuously hatched for 1-5 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:MTT method was used to determine the proliferation of corneal endothelial cells;meantime,inverted phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope were used to observe the ultrastructure of cells. RESULTS:At days 1,3 and 5 after bFGF was added,the absorbance value in 490 nm was significantly higher than that of control group,especially in 10 ?g/L group. CONCLUSION:The bFGF can promote proliferation of cat corneal endothelial cells with effective concentration of 10 ?g/L .

Objective:To observe influence of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) on plasma levels of lipo‐protein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) and hsCRP in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) ,and preliminarily explore anti -inflammatory mechanism of EECP in prevention and treatment of CHD .Methods :A to‐tal of 85 CHD patients were selected from our hospital ,randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=42) and EECP group [n=43 ,received EECP based on routine treatment ,once/d ,60min each time ,continuous five weeks were regarded as one course (35 times)] .Plasma concentrations of Lp‐PLA2 and hsCRP were measured in all sub‐jects at the enrollment day and after five -week treatment .Results:Compared with before treatment ,after five-week treatment ,there were significant reductions in plasma levels of Lp‐PLA2 [(58.46 ± 40.04)μg/L vs .(33.94 ± 23.22)μg/L] and hsCRP [ (3.54 ± 2.22)μg/ml vs .(2.19 ± 1.16)μg/ml] in EECP group (P<0.01 both) ,and there were no significant difference in routine treatment group between before and after treatment .Compared with routine treatment group ,after five-week treatment ,there were significant reductions in plasma levels of Lp‐PLA2 [ (56.87 ± 33.69)μg/L vs .(33.94 ± 23.22)μg/L] and hsCRP [ (3.63 ± 1.60)μg/ml vs .(2.19 ± 1.16)μg/ml] in EECP group , P<0.01 both .Conclusion:1. EECP of one course can significantly reduce plasma concentrations of Lp‐PLA2 and hsCRP in CHD patients , indicating that anti - inflammatory may be one of its mechanism in preven‐tion and treatment of CHD .

Inflammation plays an important role in occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis.Among numerous studies on inflammatory markers, the relationship between high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been widely studied.The present article made a review about the relationship between hsCRP and CHD.

PurposeTo explore the value of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) monitoring mini-incision transthoracic occlusion of ventricular septal defect (VSD) with asymmetric ventricular defects occlude in preoperative selection of patients, intraoperative guidance monitoring and postoperative evaluation.Materials and MethodsForty-five cases of VSD undertook mini-incision transthoracic occlusion with asymmetric ventricular defects occlude were enrolled, their clinical data was analyzed retrospectively, preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was applied for choosing appropriate cases. During surgery, TEE was employed for evaluating the VSD and in which perimembranous VSD was found in 21 cases, intracristal VSD in 15 cases and subpulmonic VSD in 9 cases, suitable eccentric type occluders were chosen, guide occluder was placed, and the occlusion effect was evaluated right after operation.ResultsThe procedures were completed successfully in 42 cases, with a successful rate of 93.3%, of which 21 cases had perimembranous VSD, 15 cases had intracristal VSD, and 6 cases had subpulmonic VSD. The diameter of the VSD ranged from 3 to 7 mm, averaging (4.5±0.7) mm, the diameter of occluders ranged from 4 to 8 mm, averaging (5.7±1.2) mm, there was a good positive correlation between size of VSD and occlude (r=0.87,P<0.05). All patients received follow-ups from 3 months to 24 months after operation, all the occluders located normally, with no more than mildly residual shunt, valve regurgitation or severe arrhythmia discovered.ConclusionMini-incision transthoracic occlusion of ventricular septal defect (VSD) with asymmetric ventricular defects occlude has high success rates, minimal injury, and lower complication rate. TEE can play a vital role by improving the success rate and safety of surgery.

BACKGROUND: Oxidation injury can lead to the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Some researches have found that body supplement of vitamin C is beneficial to inhibit oxidation injury by increasing the level of vitamin C in aqueous humor.OBJECTIVE: To observe the inhibitive effect of vitamin C on H2O2 induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cell.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial taking animal's lens as subject.SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Qingdao University.MATERIALS: 120 adult New Zealand rabbits of both genders, weighing 3-5 kg, were selected. Vitamin C and 300 g/L H2O2 were purchased from Shanghai Guangda Chemical Reagent Factory.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from January 2002 to January 2004. ①Culture of lens: 240 lenses were isolat ed from 120 rabbits after being killed. Among them, 192 clear lenses were selected and divided randomly to three groups with 64 lenses in each group: control group, H2O2 group and H2O2+vitamin C group. Lenses in the control group were incubated in non-serum and non- phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium, those in the H2O2 group incubated in non serum and non- phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium containing 1 mmol/L H2O2 (62 μL of 30 g/L H2O2 was added into the medium every 6 hours to keep H2O2 level maintain 1 mmol/L in the medium), and those in the H2O2+vitamin C group incubated in non-serum and non- phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium containing 1 mmol/L H2O2 and 1 mmol/L vitamin C. Under the same culture condition, the lenses in each group were detected at hours 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 108 after culture, respectively. ②Measurement of the opacity of lens: Under the white background, two black lines 0.5 mm in width, which were mutually vertical with an interval of 10 mm. The lenses were placed above the crossing to measure the opacity. ③Detecting the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells:The apoptosis of lens epithelial cells was examined using TUNEL method and DNA fragmentation assay under light microscope to calculate the apoptotic rate of epithelial cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Opacity of the lenses in each group;②apoptotic rate of lens epithelial cells in each group.RESULTS: ①After 108 hours of culture, the opacity of the lenses in the H2O2+vitamin C group was obviously lower than that in the H2O2 group. ②The apoptotic rates in the control group were lower that those in the H2O2group at different time point and those in the H2O2+vitamin C groupat hours 24, 48 and 72 after culture(P＜0.05-0.01). The apoptotic rates in the H2O2+vitamin C group were significantly lower than those in the H2O2group at different time points after culture (P＜0.01). ③The findings of DNA fragment analysis showed that the DNA "ladder" was found in the H2O2 group during 24-72 hours, while no DNA "ladder" but only normal electrophoresis strap were present in the other two groups 24 hours after culture.CONCLUSION: Lens can take refuge from the oxidative injury of H2O2with the addition of vitamin C. As a result, the apoptosis rate of lens epithelial cells and further, cataract formation can be restrained.

BACKGROUND:Taurine is an important non-enzymatic system antioxidant in the lens.The mechanism of its anti-oxidative effect is mainly to protect lens from oxidative injury by anti-lipid peroxidation.OBJECTIVE:This study was to observe the effect of exogenous taurine on lens epithefial cell apoptosis-induced by H2O2 in vitro.DESIGN:A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING:Department of Ophthalmology,Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College.MATERIALS:Seventy-five adult New Zealand standard tabbits,of either gender,weighing 1.5-2.5 kg,were provided by Qingdao Laboratory Animal Center.Reagent kit for in situ detecting cell apoptosis(Sigma Company,USA),taurine and H2O2(Shanghai Guangda Chemical Reagent Factory,China)were included in this study.METHODS:This study was performed in the Department of Ophthalmology and Central Laboratory.Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College from Mav 2005 to June 2007.Rabbit lenses were harvested and randomly divided into 3 groups:control group,in which,clear lenses were incubated in non-serum and non-phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium which was renewed every 24 hours,H2O2 group,in which,clear lenses were incubated in non-serum and non-phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium containing 1 mmol/L H2O2 with addition of 62 μL H202(30 g/L)every 6 hours,and H2O2+taurine group,in which,clear lenses were incubated in non-serum and non-phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium containing 1 mmol/L H2O2 and 10 g/L taurine.which was renewed every 6 hours.The protocol was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Observation of lens opacity 6.12,24.48 and 72 hours after culture;Lens epithelial cell apoptosis determined by DNA in situ end labeling and DNA fragment analysis.RESULTS:Lens opacity:The lens opacity in the H2O2 group was aggregrated gradually along with the time of oxidative injury.The lens opacity in the H2O2 group was severer than that in the H2O2+taurine group.Lens epithelial cell apoptosis:There were no apoptotic cells in the control group within 72 hours.The number of apoptotic cells in the H2O2 group was increased gradually with the prolonged time of oxidative injury.Till the 72nd hour,the cells were all tamed into apoptotic cells.A few aopototic celIs were found in the H2O2+taurine group since hour 24,and then were more and more,and the number of apoptotic cells accounted for about 30%at hour 72.The apoptotic rate in the H202+taurine group was significantly lower than that in the H2O group at each time point(q=8.6845,P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in apoptotic rate between the H202+taurine group and the control group (P＞0.05). Findings of DNA fragmentation assay:The DNA"ladder"was found in the H2O2 group at hours 24,36,48 and 72,while no DNA"ladder"but only normal electrophoresis straps were present in the other two groups 24 hours after culture.CONCLUSION:Taurine can inhibit the oxidative injury-induced apoptosis of rabbit lens epithelial cells,and alleviate lens opacity.

Objective:To explore the relationship among plasma level of lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) ,ankle brachial index (ABI) ,brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods :According to results of coronary angiography ,a total of 120 patients with suspected or diagnosed CHD were divided into CHD group (n=90) and non‐CHD group (n=30) .CHD group was further divided into sin‐gle vessel coronary disease group (single vessel group ,n=30) ,double‐vessel coronary disease group (double‐vessel group ,n=30) and multi‐vessel coronary disease group (multi‐vessel group ,n= 30) .Plasma Lp‐PLA2 level ,ABI and baPWV were measured and compared among all groups .Results:Compared with non‐CHD group ,there were significant rise in plasma Lp‐PLA2 level [ (23.60 ± 13.33)μg/L vs .(36.65 ± 17.24)μg/L] and baPWV [ (1244.27 ± 127.85) cm/s vs .(1753.08 ± 284.32) cm/s] in CHD group ,P<0.01 both .In CHD group ,compared with single vessel group ,plasma Lp‐PLA2 level significantly rose [ (25.81 ± 8.97)μg/L vs .(35.03 ± 9.80)μg/L vs .(49.13 ± 21.22)μg/L] in double‐vessel group and multi‐vessel group ,and that of multi‐vessel group was significantly higher than that of double‐vessel group ( P<0.05 or <0.01 );baPWV significantly rose [ (1579.77 ± 178.05 ) cm/s vs . (1808.07 ± 272.11) cm/s ,(1871.40 ± 306.03) cm/s] in double‐vessel group and multi‐vessel group , P<0.01 both . ABI of single vessel group and double‐vessel group were significantly higher than that of multi‐vessle group [ (1.19 ± 0.08) ,(1.17 ± 0.07) vs .(1.11 ± 0.15)] ,P<0.01 or <0.05 .Conclusion:Plasma Lp‐PLA2 level ,ABI and baP‐WV are related to CHD and its lesion degree ,combined measurement of these three indexes can predict CHD and its severity more accurately ,then preventing and treating CHD should be more effective .

Objectives To explore the effects of budesonide (BUD) on airway remodeling and the levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and its expression in lung tissue of asthmatic rats. To provide a theoretical basis for the intervention and treatment of asthma. Methods Sixty healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, asthma model group and BUD treated group, 20 rats in each group. A rat asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) challenging. BUD treated group was treated with inhaled BUD 1 mg/kg in 30 min per serving every other day for two weeks. After OVA challenge finished, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed for BALF and lung tissue collection. The level of TGF-β1 in BALF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TGF-β1 expression and collagen deposition in the lung tissue were tested with immunohistochemical determination and Masson stain respectively. The computer image analysis system was used for measuring respiratory bronchiole smooth muscle thickness (μm) and the extent of epithelial damage score and other indicators of airway remodeling. Results Compared with that in the control group, TGF-β1 in BALF and lung tissue of asthma model group increased and were correlated significantly with the indicators of airway remodeling (P < 0.01) ;while that of BUD treated group reduced statistically significant than model group (P < 0.05). Pathology examination on asthma rat airway epithelial tissue showed the thickness of airway smooth muscle, the airway deposition of collagen in BUD treated group reduced obviously than asthma model group. Conclusions The expression of TGF-β1 in the rat asthma airway worsens the airway remodeling. The effects of BUD on ameliorating the progression of airway remodeling may be partially made by reducing the expression of TGF-β1. (J Clin Pediatr,2010,28(2):173-177)

Objective To investigate the effects of Zuogui Jiangtang Yishen decoction (ZGJTYS) on the expression of nephrin and podocin in podocyte of MKR mice with diabetic nephropathy (DN), and explore its mechanism. Methods Forty MKR mice (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups as follows:negative control group (group A), DN model group (group B), ZGJTYS group (group C) and positive control group (group D, Gliquidone and benazepri). All mice from group B, C and D were received high-fat diet feed and unilateral nephrectomy. Four weeks after operation, all mice were received drug intervention, and four weeks later, all mice were put to death. The levels of UmAlb were observed by ELISA, the serum BUN and Cr by biochemical, and the FBG by electrochemical detection method. The nephrin and podocin mRNA expression were measured by RT-PCR and the protein expression by western blotting. The morphological structure changes of the podocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopes. Results As compared with group A, FBG, BUN, SCr and urine UmAlb in the mice of group B increased significantly (P<0.01), the expression level of nephrin and podocin mRNA and protein were markedly decreased (P<0.01). After intervention of drugs, all biochemical indicators above in the mice of group C and D significantly decreased (P<0.01), the expression level of nephrin and podocin mRNA and protein were markedly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), compared with group B. The renal pathological lesions of group C and D were significantly improved compared with group B. Conclusion ZGJTYS decoction exerts reno-protective effect via reinstating nephrin and podocin expression to repair the damaged podocyte.

Objective Aδ and C fiber nociceptors can be excited when people received contact heat stimulation(CHS) and this excitation may be reflected by functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).The aim of this study was to observe the different fMRI characteristics in CHS with distinct temperatures in healthy people and to explore the pain related functional network.Depending on the fMRI results,we can evaluate the values of CHS-fMRI during the research of brain functional connectivity.Methods Twenty-two healthy volunteers were recruited to this study.During the acquisition of fMRI,the right dorsal forearm received two different CHS in 41 and 51 degree respectively(41 ℃ CHS-fMRI group and 51 ℃ CHS-fMRI group),and two series of fMRI data were obtained for each subject.The brain activation was obtained by using one sample t test for the 41 ℃CHS-fMRI group and 51 ℃CHS-fMRI group separately.The difference between 41 ℃ CHS-fMRI group and 51 ℃ CHS-fMRI group was analyzed by paired-sample t-test.Result These activated brain areas in 41 ℃ CHS-fMRI group included bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG),contralateral transverse temporal gyrus,contralateral amygdala,bilateral insula,bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG),contralateral hippocampus,bilateral putamen,contralateral supramarginal,ipsilateral postcentral,ipsilateral inferior parietal lobule,ipsilateral middle temporal gyrus (MTG),bilateral cerebelum,bilateral middle cingulate cortex and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex.These activated brain areas in 51 ℃ CHS-fMRI group included bilateral STG,bilateral amygdala,contralateral hippocampus,bilateral thalamus,contralateral putamen,bilateral insula,bilateral IFG,bilateral cerebellum,contralateral postcentral,contralateral superior parietal lobule,bilateral MTG,bilateral precuneus,and contralateral cuneus.Compared with 41 ℃ CHS-fMRI group,the 51 ℃ CHS-fMRI group showed higher brain activation in bilateral cerebellum (right:4.455,left:3.891),ipsilateral precuneus (4.150),contralateral insula (3.530),contralateral IFG (3.530),and contralateral postcentral (3.530; t =2.83,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions There are common brain activated areas and specific areas for each group,which suggested that existence of two central pathways activated by Aδ and C fiber which have different effects in perception of pain and have their brain network responsively.It may become one of the ideal pain stimulation methods with CHS-fMRI,which warrant worth further research.