Objective In this study,we aim to investigate and evaluate the application of peer education on the teaching of medical graduate students and to evaluate the teaching effect,in order to provide the basis for subsequent practice reform.Methods 49 graduate students majoring Internal Medicine-Pulmonology were randomly divided into traditional teaching(24) and peer education groups (25).We chose the primary culture technology of rat distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells to be the teaching contents.For the traditional teaching group,we used the mode of class lecture giving and experimental skills learning under the assistance of the teachers; while in the peer education group,students benefited from the combination of class lecture given by the teacher and the seniors fixed teaching in which seniors help younger students.We selected the experimental operating time,cell purity and the practicing time to reach a standard culture as the evaluation indexes by filling a follow up questionnaire.The SPSS 13.0 was applied to the related data forx2 or t test.Results In the traditional teaching group,the average time to reach three times of standard culture was(3.2 ± 0.5) hour,which was(2.3 ± 0.4) hour in the peer education group.The cell purity was 80.1 ± 3.6％ in the traditional teaching group,while(85.4 ± 5.9)％ in the peer education group.The average practicing time was(6.3 ± 1.0) in the traditional teaching group,while(4.9 ± 0.6) in the peer education group.The peer education group master the teaching content better than the traditional teaching group (P=0.00).95.8％(23/24)of the students in the peer-education group considered the teaching contents simple,which was statistically higher(P=0.00) than traditional group (62.5％,15/24).Meanwhile,95.8％ (23/24)of the students in the peer-education group considered the teaching methods easy to accept,which was also statistically higher(P=0.02) than traditional group(70.8％,17/24).The difference was statistically significant (P=0.02).Conclusion The application effect of peer education is good and there is high degree of acceptance among the students.Besides,peer education accords with the medical postgraduate experiment teaching rules,and can cultivate medical graduate students' spirit of cooperation and communication ability in the process of implementation.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of different processing methods on 4 kinds of flavonoids contents in salt-pro-cessed Cuscuta chinensis. METHODS:Salt-processed C. chinensis piece was processed with different baking temperature (70 ℃, 100℃,130℃,160℃,190℃and 210℃),baking time(10 min,15 min,30 min,45 min,60 min and 75 min)and moisten-ing time(0.5 h,1 h,2 h,4 h and 6 h). HPLC was adopted for contents determination of hyperoside,rutin,quercetin and kaemp-ferol:the column was Synergi 4u Hydro-Rp 80A with mobile phase of methanol- 0.1% phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 360 nm,and column temperature was 35 ℃. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.416-12.48 μg for hyperoside (r=0.999 9),0.14-4.2 μg for rutin (r=0.999 9),0.185-5.55 μg for quercetin (r=0.999 9) and 0.078-2.34 μg (r=0.999 8);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3%;recoveries were 95.55%-99.74%(RSD=2.12%,n=6),95.96%-101.42%(RSD=2.01%,n=6),95.76%-102.75%(RSD=2.77%,n=6), 99.42%-104.93%(RSD=2.02%,n=6). The flavonoids in salt-processed C. chinensis showed highest contents when baking tem-perature was 160℃,baking time was 60 min and moistening time was 2 h. CONCLUSIONS:Different processing methods have certain effects on flavonoids contents in salt-processed C. chinensis.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors of patients with stages I-III left-sided colon cancer (LCC) versus right-sided colon cancer (RCC) receiving radical surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 332 patients with stages I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) who underwent radical surgery in Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University between February 2008 and February 2012 was conducted. The differences in clinicopathological characteristics by tumor location (RCC vs LCC) were examined by using χ2 test. The comparisons of overall 5-year survival rate between RCC and LCC within each stage and for all stages were done by using Kaplan-Meier method. The univariate analysis of prognosis was performed by using log-rank test, and the multivariate analysis was performed by using COX regression model. Results: The overall 5-year survival rate of all patients was 69.9%. The LCC patients had significantly higher overall 5-year survival rate than RCC patients (72.6% vs 66.9%, P = 0.020). The stage III LCC patients had significantly higher overall 5-year survival rate than the stage III RCC patients (62.5% vs 52.2%, P = 0.018), but no significant difference in overall 5-year survival rate was found between stage I or II RCC and LCC patients (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in T stage, histologic type, degree of differentiation, tumor size, hemoglobin, albumin, fibrinogen and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) between RCC and LCC patients (all P < 0.05). The univariate analysis showed that tumor location, T stage, N stage, histologic type, degree of differentiation, tumor size, hemoglobin, albumin, fibrinogen and CEA were significantly correlated with overall 5-year survival rate of CRC patients (all P < 0.05). Multivatiate analysis showed that N stage, histologic type, degree of differentiation, hemoglobin, albumin, fibrinogen and CEA were independent prognostic factors of CRC (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with stages I-III CRC treated with radical surgery, the factors of higher tumor N stage, mucinous adenocarcinoma/signet ring cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, anemia, hypoproteinemia, fibrinogen level more than 4 g/L and CEA level more than 10 ng/mL indicate a poor prognosis. The significant differences in clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis are found between RCC and LCC, but the tumor location is not an independent prognostic factor.

Objective To investigate Zunyi C Class infectious diseases ,and provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures .Methods A network report of class C infectious diseasesfrom in Zunyi city from 2009 to 2012 was statistically analyzed by Excel software ,and data analysis was conducted by descriptive epidemiological method for .Results In Zunyi city from 2009 to 2013 reported a total of 8 kinds of class C infectious diseases (68 915 cases) ,annual report incidence rate was 213 .23/10 million;the top three are hand foot and mouth disease ,mumps and other infectious diarrhea ,accounted for 62 .22% of the total reported ca‐ses ,19 .68% and 13 .44% .There was slightly higher incidence rate of the disease from March to August and the main risks were in scattered children ,kindergarten children and students ;the age of onset lie in the population under 14 years old ,the male to female ratio was 1 .67∶1 .00 (χ2 =3 445 .64 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Hand foot and mouth disease ,mumps ,other infectious diarrhea and other infectious disease has become an important public health problem in Zunyi city .Therefore ,the kindergarten ,school infectious disease epidemic monitoring should be strengthened ,the infectious disease outbreaks should be reduced ,and communicable disease diagnosis and reporting standards ,which is helpful to improve the epidemic situation of infectious diseases research and prevention and control level should be improved to maintain the protection of public health .

Objective: To evaluate the effect of preservation of left colic artery (LCA) on postoperative anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect data of rectal cancer patients at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Fujian Cancer Hospital from September 2014 to August 2017. Inclusion criteria: (1) age of 18 to 79 years; (2) rectal adenocarcinoma confirmed by postoperative pathology; (3) patients without preoperative serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease receiving preoperative neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy; (4) laparoscopic-assisted anterior rectal resection and distal ileostomy were performed simultaneously; (5) complete clinical data. Exclusion criteria: patients with extensive abdominal metastasis, or distant organ metastasis during operation, and combined organ resection. According to whether LCA was retained during operation, the patients were divided into two groups, then the intraoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes were compared. Moreover, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze risk factors of postoperative anastomotic leakage. Results: A total of 125 patients were included in this study, including 56 patients in the retained LCA group and 69 patients in the non-retained LCA group. Differences in baseline data, such as gender, age, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, hemoglobin, distance between tumor and anal margin, maximum diameter of tumor, preoperative neoadjuvant therapy, and ypTNM stage, between retained LCA group and non-retained LCA group were not statistically significant (all P>0.05), indicating that two groups were comparable. Meanwhile there were no significant differences in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, total number of lymph node harvested, number of harvested lymph node at the root of inferior mesenteric artery, circumferential margin, anastomotic bleeding, or postoperative hospital stay between two groups (all P>0.05). Thirteen patients in the non-retained LCA group (18.8%) developed postoperative anastomotic leakage, including 7 cases of grade A, 5 cases of grade B and 1 case of grade C, while in the retained LCA group, only 5.4% (3/56) of patients developed postoperative anastomotic leakage, including 1 case of grade A and 2 cases of grade B without case of grade C, whose difference was statistically significant (U=1674.500, P=0.028). Univariate analysis showed that preoperative hemoglobin <120 g/L and non-retained LCA were associated with postoperative anastomotic leakage (both P<0.05). Multivariate analysis cofirmed that preoperative hemoglobin < 120 g/L (OR=3.508, 95% CI: 1.158 to 10.628, P=0.017) and non-retained LCA (OR=4.065, 95%CI: 1.074 to 15.388, P=0.031) were independent risk factors for postoperative anastomotic leakage. Median follow-up time was 31 months (16 to 51 months), and no long-term complication was found. Local recurrence and distant metastasis were found in 1 case (1.8%) and 7 case (12.5%) in the retained LCA group, while those were found in 2 cases (2.9%) and 5 cases (7.2%) respectively, in the non-retained LCA group, whose differences were not statistically significant (P=1.000, P=0.321 respectively). Conclusion Preservation of left colic artery not only can ensure radical lymph node dissection efficacy under the condition of similar operation time and blood loss, but also can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage for rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy.

Background: In suckling piglets, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes lethal diarrhea accompanied by high infection and mortality rates, leading to considerable economic losses. This study explored methods of preventing or inhibiting their production.Bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 (APB-13) has antibacterial, antiviral, and immune functions. Objectives: This study analyzed the efficacy of APB-13 against TGEV through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: The effects of APB-13 toxicity and virus inhibition rate on swine testicular (ST) cells were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The impact of APB-13 on virus replication was examined through the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50 ). The mRNA and protein levels were investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot (WB). Tissue sections were used to detect intestinal morphological development. Results: The safe and effective concentration range of APB-13 on ST cells ranged from 0 to 62.5 µg/mL, and the highest viral inhibitory rate of APB-13 was 74.1%. The log10 TCID50 of 62.5 µg/mL APB-13 was 3.63 lower than that of the virus control. The mRNA and protein expression at 62.5 µg/mL APB-13 was significantly lower than that of the virus control at 24 hpi. Piglets in the APB-13 group showed significantly lower viral shedding than that in the virus control group, and the pathological tissue sections of the jejunum morphology revealed significant differences between the groups. Conclusions APB-13 exhibited good antiviral effects on TGEV invivo and in vitro.

In addition to respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 can also cause acute and long-term symptoms of the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and muscular system. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations and treatment methods of acute COVID-19 related cerebrovascular diseases, nervous system inflammatory diseases and encephalopathy, in order to provide references for clinical management of COVID-19 patients.

Objective: To establish an animal model of hypoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia asso-ciated with pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH). Methods: C57BL/6 male and female specific pathogen free mice mated and female mice with their offspring mice were randomly divided into normoxic group and hypoxia group by way of numerical method.Normoxic group was placed in the indoor environment directly.Hypoxia group was placed in 120 mL/L oxygen concentration environment within 12 hours after birth.Body weight gain and mortality of the neonatal mice were recorded.The mice lungs and hearts were harvested on day 14 for immunofluorescence staining and HE staining, and Western blot was used to observe the morphological changes and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein level. Results: The mortality rates of normoxic group and hypoxic group were 11.8% and 47.3%, respectively.Compared with the normoxic group, body weight of hypoxia group increased slowly, as the final body weight of 2 groups were (12.40±2.33) g and (5.50±0.32) g, respectively, and the difference was significant (χ²=13.38, t=20.50, all P<0.01). Hypoxia group showed higher right ventricular hypertrophy index [(96.00±0.15)% vs.(40.40±4.00)%, t=41.67, P<0.01], fusion of alveolar, diminished microvasculature, thickening alveolar septal, decreased alveolar radiation coefficient (RAC)(19.73±2.33 vs.10.90±1.85) and increased mean linear intercept(MLI) (33.2±4.33 vs.58.70±7.27) with statistical significance, respectively (t=16.27, 9.53, all P<0.01). In the lung HE staining, pulmonary arterial thickening, pulmonary smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal roughness in immunofluorescence, significantly decreased expression of VEGF protein level by Western blot were observed in hypoxic group (0.41±0.04 vs.1.19±0.08, t=15.10, P<0.01). Conclusions Hypoxia-induced mouse BPD-PH model was consistent with the pathophysiological process of pulmonary vascular remodeling of pulmonary hypertension, which increase pulmonary vascular resistance eventually leading to right ventricular hypertrophy.