Viral infections affect wheezing and asthma.Wheezing illnesses are usually viral in origin in children.The recurrent wheezing is associated with childhood asthma.There are some new evidences proving that rhinovirus(RV)is closely associated with asthma in children.This review discusses age distribution,epidemic season and risk factors of RV in the wheezing children.It also reviews the relationship between RV infection and asthma,clinical laboratory examination and treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To refine the quality standard of pharmacy intravenous admixture service(PIVAS),and provide refer-ence for improving the work quality of PIVAS. METHODS:Through establishing quality management organization and developing quality standard rules,quality control system for PIVAS in our hospital was constructed and total quality management was conduct-ed. Numbers of quality problems before(Jul. 2013-Jun. 2014)and after(Jul. 2014-Jun. 2015)its implementation were compared, and the effects were evaluated. RESULTS:117 management systems and 14 link quality standards and rules were made,including staff behavior standards,quality standards for drug management,supervision and inspection of quality standards,etc. Numbers of quality problems dropped from 358 to 177 after the implementation,the ratio of dispensing errors accounted for the total dispensing declined from 0.35? to 0.17?(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The construction of quality control system and the implementation of quality control standards and rules in PIVAS of our hospital has improved the quality of PIVAS work.

AIM: To study the expressions and significance of stem cell factor(SCF) and tyrosine kinase receptor(KIT) in neurons after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.METHODS: Western blotting was used to examine the expression of SCF and KIT in the cortex after cerebral ischemia and oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD) neurons,then the OGD neurons preincubated with SCF and SCF-Ab were assessed the cell viability by MTT to determine its significance.RESULTS: ①Compared to control group,the expressions of M-SCF and S-SCF in cortex increased markedly while KIT decreased significantly in ipsilateral hemisphere.However,no obvious change in the contraleteral hemisphere was observed.②Compared to control group,the levels of S-SCF and M-SCF were increased significantly in the OGD neurons while KIT was not obvious changed.③The cell viability of OGD neurons decreased significantly.Preincubation with SCF inhibited cell damage while SCF-Ab deteriorated OGD injury.CONCLUSION: The expression of SCF may be induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion,which can protect the neurons from ischemia injury.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for standardizing dispensing and use of intravenous drug. METHODS:266 piec-es of intravenous drug instructions were collected in PIVAS of our hospital,and then the labeling information were statistically ana-lyzed,including dispensing method,diluted or dissolved solvent before preparation and storage time after preparation. RESULTS:Among 266 intravenous drug instructions,there were 45 kinds of finished product infusion varieties and 221 kinds of drugs needing to be prepared. Among these,there were only 30 pieces of drug instructions with labeling dispensing method,accounting for 13.57%;195 pieces of drug instructions stated solvent for dilution and 22 stated solvent for dissolution before preparation,account-ing for 88.24% and 19.13%;69 pieces of drug instructions stated storage time,accounting for 31.22%. CONCLUSIONS:The la-bel information of dispensing method and storage time in intravenous drug instructions is markedly insufficient or not clear. Drug ad-ministration departments are suggested to strengthen the instruction standardization management. Meanwhile,manufacturers should specify the relevant information in intravenous drug instructions.

Objective To discuss the influence hand hygiene intervention on general ICU acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and its improvement. Methods Hand Hygiene Cognition Questionnaire that passed the reliability and validity test was used to compare the change of cognition on hand hygiene of medical staff. According to the results of the questionnaire, the intervention was carried out by continuous intensive training. The compliance with hand hygiene of medical staff was observed by monitoring equipment in the ward. Implementation status and effect of hand hygiene of medical staff on duty were examined randomly each month. At the same time MRSA infection rate of patients in comprehensive ICU was monitored in the same period. The relationship between hand hygiene compliance and MRSA infection rate was analyzed. Results The score of medical staff of cognition of hand hygiene was (41.70±3.67) points before the intervention, while the score was (44.10±3.55) points after the intervention. The difference had statistical significance (t=24.37, P<0.01). The correct rate of hand washing, positive rate of bacterial culture in hand, hand hygiene compliance and infection rate of MRSA of patients in comprehensive ICU were 68.75%, 14.58%, 66.90%, 12.90% respectively before the intervention. The correct rate of hand washing, positive rate of bacterial culture in hand, hand hygiene compliance and infection rate of MRSA of patients in comprehensive ICU were 88.54%, 3.12%, 74.14%, 3.10% respectively after the intervention. The difference had statistical significance (χ2=7.809-24.520, P<0.01). Conclusions Questionnaires with high credibility reviews could better identify issues in hand hygiene compliance, and sustained, reinforcing intervention measures could improve the compliance of hand hygiene; Good hand hygiene practice of medical and nursing staff contributes to controlling MRSA infection rates in general ICU.

Objective Based on the previous research that the ethanolic extract from traditional Chinese medicine fructus forsythiae (Lianqiao) can obviously inhibit cancer cells in vitro, the article aimed to investigate the anti-proliferation effects of dammar-24-ene-3β-acetate-20S-ol (DM) extracted from fructus forsythiae on gastric cancer cells and its mechanism.Methods MTT assay was used to assess the anti-proliferation effects of DM on gastric cancer cells including SGC-7901, BGC-823, and MKN-45 in vitro.There were MKN-45 control group and its low dose and high dose groups, BGC-823 control group and its low dose and high dose groups, SGC-7901 control group and its low dose and high dose groups in the experiment.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell apoptosis rate.Cellquest software was used to analyze the results and record the ratio of cells at different cycles.DCFH-DA probe was applied to detect the ROS levels of blank control group, docetaxol group and DM group.The reaction system of microtubule assembly test was set with 10?mol/L docetaxol, 50 or 100 μmol/L DM final density and no medicine in blank control group.The readings of UV spectrophotometer were recorded.Microtubule assembly assay and microtubule immunofluorescence staining were applied to investigate the effects of DM on microtubule system.Results The inhibition ratio of 50 μg/L DM on the proliferation three gastric cell lines were all above 80%, with IC50s of MKN-45 11.72±1.35 μg/mL, BGC-823 17.19±0.82 μg/mL, SGC-7901 7.55±0.79 μg/mL.8 days′ low density culturing at 48 hours after 2 μg/mL DM treatment, compared with control group, the number of cell clones significantly reduced without much change in clone size, while 48 hours after 10 μg/mL DM treatment, besides a few clones of BGC-823, there were just several megascopic clones of SGC-7901 and MKN-45.In comparison with apoptotic cell ratio in MKN-45 control group[(21.1±2.5)%], its low dose group and high dose group resulted in significant rise of apoptotic cell ratio[(25.1±1.3)% and (55.2±2.3)%] (P<0.01).Compared with apoptotic cell ratio in BGC-823 control group[(13.2±2.5)%], its low dose group and high dose group resulted in significant rise of apoptotic cell ratio[(18.2±2.1)% and (41.8±2.1)%] (P<0.01).Compared with apoptotic cell ratio in SGC-7901 control group[(10.5±1.8)%], significant rise was observed in its high dose group[(41.8±2.1)%] (P<0.05) while no statistical significance was found in its low dose group[(12.3±1.6)%] (P>0.05).In comparison with MKN-45 control group, the ratio of cells at S phase decreased in its low dose group[(14.5±2.7)% vs (12.3±3.3)%,P>0.05].In comparison with BGC-823 control group, the ratio of cells at S phase increased in its low dose group[(12.2±5.4)% vs (20.2±2.1)%,P<0.05].In comparison with SGC-7901 control group, the ratio of cells at S phase increased in its low dose group[(21.5±3.8)% vs (31.3±2.6)%,P<0.05].From the detection of intracellular active oxygen after DM treatment, dose-dependent ROS level increased in all three cell lines 48 hours after 10μg/mL and 50μg/mL DM treatment.From the results of microtubule immunofluorescence staining, 48 hours after the treatment of IC50 docetaxol and 10μg/mL DM, the fluorescence signals were in local concentration and disorder.Conclusion Dammar-24-ene-3β-acetate-20S-ol demonstrated anti-proliferation effects due to the apoptosis induced by cell cycle arrest at S phase.

Objective To investigate clinical significance of the changes in the peripheral blood T lymphocytes subsets in patients with diseases related to HBV infection .Methods 257 cases of inpatients and outpatients were selected from Jan .to Dec .2013 ,and were divided into hepatitis B carriers (ASC)group ,chronic hepatitis B(CHB)group ,hepatocirrhosis(LC)group and primary liver cancer(PHC)group according to types of diseases related to HBV infection .Other 50 healthy individuals conducted physical exami‐nation were enro1led in the control group .The absolute CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell count ,and CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD8+ percent‐age and CD4+ /CD8+ value were detected in all subjects by using flow cytometer .These data were compared and analyzed .Results Compared with the control group ,there were no significant differences of the absolute CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell count ,and CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD8+ percentage and CD4+ /CD8+ value in ASC group ,CHB group and LC group(P>0 .05) .Compared with the control group ,the absolute CD4+ T‐cell count ,CD4+ percentage and the CD4+ /CD8+ value were decreased in the PHC group , while the CD8+ percentage were increased in the PHC group ,there were statistical significant differences between the two groups (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets could be monitor indexes of cell immune function in diseases related to HBV infection .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intermittent pneumatic compression or sequential compression device in prevention of deep venous thrombosis in long-term bedridden patients.Methods We searched Pubmed (1996～),The Cochrane Library (1997～),CLNAHL (1980～),CNKI (1994～),EM-BASE,Science Direct,Oxford Journals,Wanfang Data(1998 ～),and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which IPC or SCD was used as an intervention to prevent DVT,and all the trials were published in English or Chinese.The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed according to the standard of Cochrane systematic review.RevMan 5.0 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results Seven RCTs were included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of DVT in the IPC or SCD group was lower than that in the control group.Conclusions IPC or SCD shows an effective tendency in DVT prevention,but because of the low quality and the small sample of the included studies,this conclusion needs to be verified by protocols of more samples and higher quality.

Objective To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) ( ≤ 2. 0 cm) with liver cirrhosis after contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) examination. Methods Forty five patients with liver cirrhosis received CECT and CEUS examinations before operation or needle biopsy and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination.CEUS and CECT findings of 51 liver space-occupying lesions from 45 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among all 51 lesions detected CEUS and CECT found 49 and 35, respectively. The typical characteristics of SHCC were "fast-in and fast-out" and "fast-in and slow-out". The sensitivity of CEUS and CECT in diagnosis of SHCC was 88. 9% (32/36) and 69. 4 % (25/36) respectively ( x2 = 3. 02, P =0. 08);the diagnostic accuracy was 84. 3 % (43/51 ) and 56. 9% (29/51 ) respectively ( x2 = 1.46, P =0. 22). Among 16 lesions missed by CECT, 12 were detected by CEUS. Conclusions CEUS and CECT show the similar diagnostic rate for typical SHCC ,however, CEUS is more sensitive for atypical lesions. With high time resolution, CEUS have advantages for follow-up study of benign liver lesions.

Objective To investigate whether no asphyxia neonates with intrauterine distress are complicated with myocardial injury and determine the sensitive biochemical diagnostic parameters. Methods A total of 89 neonates born in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2009 to December 2009 were enrolled. Fifty-three fetal distress cases with Apgar score ＞ 7 at 1 and 5 minites were enrolled in the study group; while the rest 36 healthy neonates, whose Apgar score = 10 at 1 and 5 minites, were the control group. Umbilical artery blood samples of all cases were collected for blood gas analysis and biochemical measurement. Results(1)pH(7.23±0.07) and BE [(-4.8±3.0)mmol/L] in the study group were significantly lower than pH (7.31 ±0.03) and BE [(-2.1±1.5)mmol/L] in the control group (P＜0.05).The lactic acid of study group [(5.2±2.3)mmol/L] was higher than that of the control group [(2.3±1.1)mmol/L], and the difference was significant (P＜0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in PaO2[(16.2±7.9)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) vs. (17.5±6.7)mm Hg] and PaCO2[(54.0±11.2)mm Hg vs. (48.5±5.4) mm Hg; P＞0. 05]. (2) The level of CK-MB in neonates with fetal distress[(48 ±59) U/L] was significantly higher than that of healthy neonates [(36±27)U/L]. However, no significant difference was found in CK [(194±73)U/L vs. (162±95) U/L]and BNP levels[(519±309)ng/L vs.(481±216)ng/L;P ＞ 0.05]. (3) Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that CK-MB level was negatively correlated with pH(r=-0.296, P＜0.05) and BE (r=-0.318,P＜0.05) of umbilical artery blood,while BNP level was positively correlated with umbilical lactic acid (r=0.278, P＜0.05). No correlation was found between other parameters (P＞0.05).Conclusions Intrauterine distress without neonatal asphyxia had effect on fetal myocardial injury. CK-MB can be used as a sensitive parameter for monitoring the development of myocardial injury. The severity of myocardial injury was related to fetal acidosis.