Objective To study the relationship between carotid atherosclerotic plaque and levels of plasma IL-18,CRP,adiponectin(APN)in cerebral infarction patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods Fouty cases of cerebral infarction patients with DM(A group)and 40 case without DM(B group)were randomly selected.All patients with CI were examined on carotid arteries using color Doppler Ultrasonography.Levels of plasma IL-18,CRP and APN were examined and analyzed.Results There were 36 patients(90％)with atberosclerotic plaque and 4 patients(10％)without in group A,among them,28 cases(70％)with vulnerable plaque and 8 cases(20％)with non-vulnerable plaque.There were 26 patients(65％)with atherosclerotic plaque and 14 patients(35％)without in group B,among them,16 cases(61.4％)with vulnerable plaque and 10 cases (38.6％)with non-vulnerable plaque.The level of plasma adiponectin([5.22 ± 1.79]mg/L)in group A was significantly lower than that([7.24 ± 2.31]mg/L)in group B,and there was significant difference between these two groups(t =2.42,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of IL-18([213.5 ± 25.24]μg/L)and CRP([5.42 ± 2.14]mg/L)in group A were obviously higher than those([187.86 ± 23.13]μg/L and[3.57 ± 1.12]mg/L)in group B,and there was significant difference between these two groups(t =5.72,3.551 resectively,P ＜ 0.05)Conclusions Adipenectin might be a protective factor in the development of atherosclemsis in diabetes mellitus.The elevation level of IL-18 and CRP may related with instability of plaque and the occurrence of cerebral infarction.

Objective To evaluate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein-serinethreonine kinases (Akt) signaling pathway in dexmedetomidine postconditioning-induced reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Seventy-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 4-5 months,weighing 200-240 g,were heparinized and anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium 40 mg/kg.Their hearts were rapidly excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with oxygenated (95％ O2-5％ CO2) K-H solution at 0-4℃.The isolated hearts were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =12 each):control group (group C),group I/R,dexmedetomidine postconditioning group (gruop D),solvent group (group DMSO),PI3K inhibitor LY294002 group (group L) and LY294002 + dexmedetomidine postconditioning group (group L + D).After a 20 min stabilization period,the hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution for 120 min in group C and were subjected to 30 min of global no-flow ischemia followed by 90 min of repeffusion in the other groups.Dexmedetomidine 100 nmo/L was added during the initial 30 min of reperfusion in D and L + D groups.LY294002 15 μmol/L was added in L group.0.02％ DMSO containing 15 μmol/L LY294002 was added in L + D group.0.02％ DMSO was added in DMSO group.HR,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure,left ventricular developed pressure and ± dp/dtmax were recorded at the end of 20 min stabilization and 15,30 and 90 min of reperfusion.The expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and Akt was measured at 30 min of reperfusion.Myoeardial infarct size was determined using TTC staining at 90 min of reperfusion.Results Compared with group C,HR,left ventricular developed pressure and ± dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure and myocardial infarct size were increased in the other 5 groups,and the expression of p-Akt was significantly up-regulated in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,HR was significantly decreased at 15 and 30 min of reperfusion,the expression of p-Akt was up-regulated,and myocardial infarct size was decreased in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group D,the expression of p-Akt was down-regulated,and myocardial infarct size and HR was increased in L + D group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine postconditioning attenuates myocardial I/R injury throuth activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in rats.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of budesonide combined with montelukast on treatment of children with cough variant asthma,and its influence on lung function and transforming growth factor-βl.Methods One hundred and seventeen children with cough variant asthma inXi'an Central Hospital from August 2013 to June 2016 were divided into control group and observation group.Fifty-nine children in control group were treated with aerosol budesonide,while 58 children in observation group were treated with montelukast based on control group.The lung function index including VC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF pred％,TGF-β1,inflammatory factors including IgE,IL-8,TNF-α,and clinical symptom score in both groups were detected and analyzed before and after treatment.Results After two months of treatment,clinical symptom score in each group obviously decreased,and that in observation group was significantly lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).The FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF pred％ of two groups showed remarkable increase,and those in observation group were much higher than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05),while no conspicuous changes were detected in VC.Additionally,TGF-β1 of each group increased markedly,and that in observation group was much higher,while IgE,IL-8,and TNF-αin two groups showed obvious decrease,and those in observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Budesonide combined with montelukast had a great ability on treatment of children with cough variant asthma,and could significantly improve the lung function and levels of TGF-β1,and inhibit the levels of inflammatory factors.

BACKGROUND:Chronic hepatitis B virus infection can impact the biological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s have gained more and more attention due to their high safety, little invasiveness, easy purification and rapid proliferation. OBJECTIVE:To establish the isolation and culture method of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s from patients with hepatitis B virus infection in vitro, and to observe the biological characteristics of cel s. METHODS:Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s were isolated from the subcutaneous fat of hepatitis B virus infection patients by col agenase digestion and adherent method. Growth curve of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s were detected by MTT method and cel phenotypes were detected by flow cytometry. The adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s were detected in vitro. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s from 10 patients with hepatitis B virus infection were al isolated and cultured successful y. The primary passage time of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s was (8.3±1.2) days. The growth curve of cel s was“S”shaped. Cel s came into a logarithmic phase at days 3-4, and came into platform at day 7. (3) Passage 3 adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s highly expressed CD29, CD166, HLA-ABC and CD44, but did not express or lowly expressed CD34 and HLA-DR. (3) Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s differentiated into adipocytes after adipogenic induction, and differentiated cel s were positive for oil red O staining;after osteogenic induction, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s differentiated into osteoblasts that were positive for alkaline phosphatase staining. These findings indicate that the col agenase digestion and adherent method can be used to effectively isolate adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cel s from patients with hepatitis B virus infection, and the cel proliferation is rapid so that a large number of cel s can be obtained in the short term.

Objective To evaluate the effect of long-term use of simvastatin on aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression in a rat model of ventilator-induced lung injury.Methods Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-280 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), simvastatin group (group Sim), mechanical ventilation group (group MV) and simvastatin + mechanical ventilation group (group SMV).In C and Sim groups, normal saline 1 ml/d and simvastatin 10 mg · kg-1 · d-1 were injected, respectively, through a gastric tube into stomach for 4 weeks, and then the rats were tracheostomized, and mechanically ventilated, and the animals kept spontaneous breathing for 4 h.In MV and SMV groups, normal saline 1 ml/d and simvastatin 10 mg · kg-1 · d-1were injected, respectively, through a gastric tube into stomach for 4 weeks, and then the rats were tracheostomized, and mechanically ventilated (tidal volume 50 ml/kg) for 4 h.The rats were then sacrificed, and lungs were removed for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio), activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) content,and expression of AQP5 protein and mRNA in lung tissues, and for microscopic examination of pathological changes.Results Compared with group C, the W/D ratio, MPO activity, and MDA content were significantly increased, the SOD activity was decreased, and the expression of AQP5 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in group MV (P＜0.01).Compared with group MV, the W/D ratio, MPO activity, and MDA content were significantly decreased, the SOD activity was increased, and the expression of AQP5 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group SMV (P＜0.01).The pathological changes of lungs were significantly mitigated in group SMV as compared with group MV.Conclusion Long-term use of simvastatin alleviates ventilator-induced lung injury, and the mechanism is related to down-regulated expression of AQP5 in rats.

Objective To study the effects of long-term use of simvastatin on mechanical ventilation induced lung injury.Methods Forty SPF adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into four groups (n =10,each):normal saline (NS) control group (group A),mechanical ventilation group (group B),simvastatin control group (group C),and simvastatin + mechanical ventilation group (group D).The rats in groups C and D were treated with simvastatin dissolved in 1 mL NS by gavage with a dose of 10 mg/kg,and the rats in groups A and B were treated with the same volume of NS by gavage for 28 days.Half an hour after the last garage,the rats in groups B and D underwent tracheostomy and intubation for 4 hours,and then received a tidal volume of 30 mL/kg with the respiratory frequency of 40 times/min,inspiratory:expiratory ratio of 1:3,and the rats in groups A and C received tracheostomy and intubation,spontaneous breathing for 4 hours.Four hours later rats were sacrificed by abdominal aorta bloodletting,and the lung tissue was harvested for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to observe pathological changes under light microscope.The activity of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),and myeloperoxidase (MPO) was determined.The lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and white blood cell (WBC) count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined.The levels of interleukins-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in BALF were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Under light microscope,the structure of lung tissue was integrity in groups A and C without obvious edema and inflammatory cells aggregation;the pathological changes in lung tissue in group B was obvious;and the alveolar structure was clear in group D,pulmonary edema and inflammatory cells aggregation were significantly reduced as compared with those of group B.Compared with group A,SOD activity in group B was significantly decreased (U/g:17.97±2.27 vs.28.51 ±4.58,P ＜ 0.01),while MDA,MPO,lung W/D ratio and WBC,IL-6,TNF-α in BALF were significantly increased [MDA (μmol/g):5.40 ± 0.71 vs.3.56 ± 0.55,MPO (U/g):1.26±0.29 vs.0.68±0.12,lung W/D ratio:6.60±0.99 vs.4.84±0.26,WBC (× 109/L):6.59±0.82 vs.2.35±1.31,IL-6 (ng/L):207.11± 18.67 vs.123.17±20.15,TNF-o (ng/L):421.38±36.27 vs.207.15±44.39,all P ＜ 0.01].Compared with group B,SOD activity in group D was significantly increased (U/g:22.05±2.45 vs.17.97±2.27,P ＜ 0.05),MDA,MPO,lung W/D ratio,and WBC,IL-6,TNF-α in BALF were significantly decreased [MDA (μmol/g):3.77±0.55 vs.5.40±0.71,MPO (U/g):0.96±0.14 vs.1.26±0.29,lung W/D ratio:5.16±0.42 vs.6.60±0.99,WBC (× 109/L):3.18± 1.24 vs.6.59±0.82,IL-6 (ng/L):147.90±21.70 vs.207.11 ± 18.67,TNF-α (ng/L):237.16±50.83vs.421.38 ± 36.27,all P ＜ 0.01].There were no significant difference in all parameters between group C and group A.Conclusion The long-term simvastatin treatment could significantly reduce lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation in rats,and its mechanism was related with simvastatin reduced oxidation-antioxidant imbalance and the inflammatory cytokines activity changes.

Objective To evaluate the effect of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.Methods Fifty-four male Kunming mice,aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 30-35 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),pulmonary fibrosis group (PF group) and CNP group.Paraquat 10 mg/kg (in 0.1 ml of normal saline) was injected intraperitoneally once every 3 days for 5 times in total in PF and CNP groups,and in addition CNP 3 μg/kg (in 0.1 ml of normal saline) was simultaneously injected via the tail vein once every 2 days for 14 times in total in group CNP.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead of paraquat in group C.On days 1,8 and 15 after the end of administation of paraquat,6 mice were sacrificed,and lungs were removed for determination of wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),hydroxyproline (HYP) content (using alkaline hydrolysis),and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) content (using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay) in lung tissues.Results Compared with group C,the W/D ratio and contents of HYP and TGF-β1 in lung tissues were significantly increased at each time point after the end of administation of paraquat (P＜0.05),and the pulmonary fibrosis was obvious in group PF.Compared with group PF,the W/D ratio and contents of HYP and TGF-β1 in lung tissues were significantly decreased at each time point after the end of administation of paraquat (P＜0.05),and the pulmonary fibrosis was significantly attenuated in group CNP.Conclusion CNP can reduce paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

The study on the Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill., which belongs to Apocynaceae, was carried out to look for its chemical constituents and pharmacological activity. The isolation and purification were performed by chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS (octadecyl silane) open column. The structures of obtained compounds were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Three indole alkaloids and one acridone alkaloid were isolated from chloroform layer extract and identified as ajmalicine B (1), sandwicine (2), raunescine (3) and 7-hydroxynoracronycine (4) separately. Ajmalicine B (1) is a new compound belonging to indole alkaloid. Compound 4 as an acridone alkaloid was a new type compound isolated from Rauvolfia genus for the first time. We also did some biological activity research on the new type compound (4) to explore other pharmacological activities in addition to antihypertensive activity.

ObjectiveTo identify the status of quality of life in breast cancer patients and explore the impact of environmental factors on quality of life in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. MethodsTotally 201 primary breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy after surgery were investigated.Self-developed demographic and clinical character investigation questionnaire,WHO Disability Assessment Schedule Ⅱ(WHODAS Ⅱ),and environmental factors in International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health(ICF)core sets for breast cancer patients were adopted to collect relevant data. ResultsBreast cancer patients had different levels of difficulties on each domain of WHODAS Ⅱ.Multiple stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that“material and emotional support and interrelationship with friends”, “social security service,system and policies” and“social norms,practices and ideologies” were factors influencing quality of life of breast cancer patients. ConclusionsIn addition to the strengthen of rehabilitation exercise training,nurses should advocate more services from society through policy making,prompt public awareness and scientific cognition,as well as construct effective nursing interventions to help enlarge social support resources and improve social support level.

Objective:To review the inactivation effect of high-voltage pulsed electric field on microorganism to provid theoretical basis for the further research and sterilization application of high-voltage pulsed electric field. Methods:The combination of high-volt-age pulse electric field, microbiology and pulse electric field as the keywords, the research results of high-voltage pulsed electric field on microbial inactivation in PubMed, CNKI, VIP Chinese journal full text database and Wanfang database during 2010 and 2015 were retrieved, summarized and reviewed. Results:As a non-thermal sterilization technology, high-voltage pulsed electric field not only had the characteristics of short sterilization time, narrow increasing extent of temperature and low energy consumption, but also could keep the original flavor of food. Conclusion:With the development of related technology, high-voltage pulsed electric field is expected to re-alize industrialization.