To keep vocational schools distinctive and vigorous,top priority should be placed in teachers'training and teaching,making practice skill training systematic,embodying practical open professional principle based on vocational education in the process of practice teaching,by the teachers'guidance and stimulating students to actively participate in practice,reforming teaching ways and means.

The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) discovered in 2012 was caused by a novel coronavirus .With high mortality and severe acute respiratory syndrome ,the coronavirus had been named as the Middle East Respiratory Syn‐drome Coronavirus (MERS‐COV) .At present ,the disease occurred in the Middle East and spread to other countries aroused extensive attention all over the world .In this review ,we mainly focus on the research progress of MERS‐CoV about the epide‐miological characteristics ,clinical treatment and global response situation ,providing advices and references of preventing and controlling effectively for M ERS in the future .

Objective To investigate the proper inner control genes suitable for mRNA expression level comparison of aging rat tissues.Methods Real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to examine in aging rat tissues the expression level of G3pd(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase),ACTB(?-actin),H3f3b(H3 histone,family 3B),Arbp(acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0)and 18S(18S ribosomal RNA).Results The most stably expressed housekeeping gene in aging rat kidney was ACTB,in heart and lung G3pd showed the minimum variation;Arbp expression was the most stable one in different tissues.Conclusion For aging rat intra-tissue mRNA normalization at least two housekeeping genes should be used: one is the ribosomal RNA gene 18S and another one is Arbp.

Objective To find an ideal method of DNA isolation from blood and especially from clotted blood and to minimize the volume of blood collected for laboratory and clinical tests.Methods DNAs were isolated from antiagglutinated and agglutinated blood samples from auricular veins of 30 healthy subjects. The DNAs of these samples were obtained by a nonenzymatic, nontoxic procedure optimized by us and determinated by agarose gel electrophoesis and PCR. Results The yields of DNA isolated from clotted blood and antiagglutinated blood were (40.2?8.86)mg DNA/L and (39.1?10.2)mg DNA/L, and purities were 1.87?0.11 and 1.92? 0.12. The DNAs that we isolated from all samples had high molecular weight and by PCR the dimorphism of ALU alleles of the 8th intron of t-PA was easy to be obtained, so they were complete and reliable. Conclusion This method is rapid, easy, efficient and nontoxic for isolation of DNA from clotted and fresh blood and meets requirements for clinical testing and molecular biology study.

Objective Systemic analysis the effect of the application of continuity nursing in community diabetes.Methods Retrieve documents from the PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Science Direct,CBM,WANFANG Data and CNKI.Dating from the dates of establishment to May,2014.Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on continuity of patient care for patients with diabetes were included.Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included studies,and then meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1 software.Results 5 RCTs (156 cases with diabetes) were involved into this Meta-analysis.The experimental group was superior to the control group in FBG,2h PBG,HbA1c and the level of treatment compliance,with statistically significant differences,P＜0.05.The descriptive analysis showed that the differences in the score of diabetes knowledge and the quality of life were statistically significant,P＜0.05,because the data could not be converted.Conclusions The continuity nursing can improve the compliance and the quality of life of community diabetes,ameliorate certain biochemical indicators.Study of large sample and RCTs should be take because of the existence of some restraining factors.

OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of asiatico?side on bleomycin-induced rat interstitial pulmonary fibrosis(IPF). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats were divided into normal control group,bleomycin 5 mg·kg-1 model group and asiaticoside 50 mg · kg-1 group. The model and asiaticoside group were administrated with bleomycin 5 mg · kg-1 to induce IPF,while the asiaticoside group was administrated with asiaticoside 50 mg·kg-1 by gastric perfusion. Hematein eosin(HE)and Masson staining were carried out to analyze the histopathological changes in the lung. Lung homogenates were used to examine hydroxyproline(HYP) content,and serum samples were used to measure the concentration of interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-4(IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). In addition,immunohistochemical methods were used to locate lung transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and adenosine 2A receptor(A2AR)expression,and Western blotting was used to examine the expression levels of TGF-β1 and A2AR. RESULTS On the 7th,14th and 28th days,the scores of pulmonary inflammation were higher in model group than in control group (P<0.01),and the asiaticoside group showed mitigated alveolitis(P<0.01,P<0.05) compared with model group. Compared with control group,the scores of pulmonary fibrosis in model group were elevated(P<0.01),and the asiaticoside group showed reduced pulmonary fibrosis(P<0.05). On the 14th and 28th days,HYP content in the model group〔1.85±0.10,(2.48±0.18)mg·g-1〕was higher than in the control group〔0.79 ± 0.07,(0.84 ± 0.08)mg · g-1〕(P<0.01),but HYP content in the asiaticoside group〔1.32±0.131,(1.71±0.13)mg·g-1〕was lower than in the model group(P<0.05). IL-4 and TNF-αin the asiaticoside group were lower than in model group(P<0.05),but were higher in the model group than in the control group(P<0.01,P<0.05). The expression level of TGF-β1 protein in the asiaticoside group was lower than in the model group(P<0.05),but was higher in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05). The expression level of A2AR protein in the asiaticoside group was higher than in the model group(P<0.05),but was lower in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Asiaticoside can mitigate bleomycin-induced IPF by inhibiting the expression of IL-4, TNF-αand TGF-β1,and raising the level of A2AR.

Objective To investigate clinical effects of early postoperative oral enteral nutrition on immune function for colorectal cancer patients,to provide a reference for clinical treatment.Methods We selected 90 colorec-tal cancer surgery patients from January 2012 to April 2015,and they were divided into two groups by random number method.50 cases in the study group were given early oral enteral nutrition,and 40 patients in the control group were given postoperative parenteral nutrition.Before and after treatment,the quality of life,complications,immunology indi-cators,nutrition indicators were compared in two groups.Results In the observation group,the postoperative fever, exhaust time,hospital stay,hospital costs,quality of life scores were (54.29 ±5.76)h,(57.89 ±5.95)h,(10.48 ± 1.63)d,(41 432.85 ±2 165.46)RMB,(79.23 ±5.17)points,which were significantly lower than those in the con-trol group,the differences were statistically significant (t =8.69,P =0.00;t =8.61,P =0.00;t =9.49,P =0.00;t =5.54,P =0.00;t =4.16,P =0.01);7d after the treatment,the IgA,IgG,IgM,CD +4 ,CD +4 /CD +8 in observation group were (1.92 ±0.49)g/L,(11.31 ±2.24)g/L,(0.99 ±0.21)g/L,(41.21 ±5.51)%,(1.72 ±0.32),which were better than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =2.05,P =0.04;t =2.11, P =0.04;t =2.12,P =0.04;t =3.64,P =0.01;t =2.23,P =0.03).In observation group,postoperative 7d Hb, TRF,ALB,PAB were (113.28 ±13.36)g/L,(3.02 ±0.39)mg/L,(38.97 ±3.15)g/L,(333.15 ±18.35)mg/L, which were better than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =3.45,P =0.01;t =2.18,P =0.03;t =2.32,P =0.04;t =3.21,P =0.01).7d after operation,the CRP level of observation group was(7.29 ±2.05)mg/L,which was significantly lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically sig-nificant (t =4.22,P =0.01 ).The incidence rate of postoperative complications in the observation group was 26.00%,that of the control group was 40.00%,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.52,P =0.01). Conclusion Early oral enteral nutrition in patients with colorectal cancer will help to improve immune function, nutritional support,reduce the inflammatory response,which will help postoperative recovery.

Establishment of combination of disease and syndrome animal model is an ideal technology platform in TCM research. Currently, many scholars have prepared matching IBS animal models combined typical animal models with etiology, which em-bodies the advantages of syndrome differentiation and promotes the development of combination disease and syndrome animal model. Even though, there still exists some problems about sub-jective evaluation on syndromes, paying more attention on dis-ease and less on syndromes. Therefore, we should deepen the pathogenesis of diseases and TCM syndromes research on animal model replication and improve the method of construction of combination of disease and syndrome animal model through the biological research of combination of disease and syndrome sys-tem. By this way, the idea of preparation animal models will be more mature and the scientific connotation of TCM will be pres-ented more exactly.

Objective:To systematically review the effects of statins in the treatment of the patients with pneumonia or sepsis, and to provide evidence-based basis for the using of statin in treatment of pneumonia or sepsis.Methods:PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP were searched for randomized placebo-controlled trials of statins published from the establishment time of datebases to January 31, 2015.The qualities of the included studies were independently assessed by two reviewers and the relevant data was extracted for analysis using Review Manager 5.3. Results:Nine trails involving a total of 1 227 patients were included.①A total of 6 studies about the mortality of hospitalized patients were included in the Meta-analysis;compared with placebo group, statins didn’t improve the mortality of hospitalized patients with pneumonia or sepsis;risk ratio (RR)= 0.83,95%CI (0.63,1.08),P=0.17.②A total of 7 studies about the rates of mechanical ventilation usage or ICU admission of the patients were included in the Meta-analysis. Compared with placebo group,statins didn’t improve the rates of mechanical ventilation usage or ICU admission of the patients with bacteria infection;RR= 0.99,95% CI (0.96,1.03),P=0.62.③A total of 4 studies about the levels of C reaction protein (CRP)were included in the Meta-analysis. Compared with placebo group, statins significantly reduced the levels of CRP;mean differences (MD)=-8.30 mg·L-1,95%CI (-12.13,-4.47),P<0.0001. Conclusion:Statins can not significantly reduce both the in-hospital mortality and the rates of mechanical ventilation usage or ICU admission, but can significantly reduce the plasma CRP levels, and reduce the inflammation.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of bladder curer in the treatment of patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury.Methods60 spinal cord injury patients with neurogenic bladder were randomly divided into intervention group (n=30) and control group (n=30). Comprehensive rehabilitation therapy was used in the two groups, but bladder curer was used only in intervention group. Residual urine in the bladder, incidence of urinary tract infection and course of achieving bladder balance were observed in the two groups.ResultsAfter 8 weeks, residual urine in the bladder decreased significantly in intervention group compared with control group, and the course of achieving bladder balance shortened significantly in intervention group compared with control group, but incidence of urinary tract infection had no difference between intervention group and control group. ConclusionBladder curer could decrease residual urine in the bladder early, and shorten the course of achieving bladder balance in the treatment of patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury.