As the fourth member of the globin family, cytoglobin ( CYGB) is a hypoxia-induced gene, and its expression is upregulated under hypoxia.CYGB is widely distributed in the living body and has a variety of physiological functions, such as anti-oxi-dative stress, anti-fibrosis, and neuroprotection.It also plays a protective role in cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other hypoxia-re-lated diseases.This article presents an overview on the structure and distribution of CYGB, its physiological functions of anti-fibrosis, anti-cancer and muscle regeneration, and the regulation and the mechanism of its expression under hypoxia.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. It mainly occurs in young and middle-aged people and has a high disability rate. The pathogenesis of MS has not been fully elucidated, with great genetic heterogeneity, diverse clinical phenotypes, lack of specific biomarkers, numerous and complicated research data, which bring great challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of MS. Artificial intelligence (AI), as the cutting-edge hotspot in the development of science and technology, is widely used in the medical field to assist in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various diseases. Its infinite learning ability greatly promotes the management of MS. This article will review the application of AI in MS diagnosis and treatment.

A registered dietitian credential is generally accepted and recognized as the most authoritative certificate of eligibility for American dietitians.In this article we describe in detail the American Registered Dieti-tian (RD) training system,administered by the Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education (CADE) and the Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR) of the American Dietetic Association (ADA).Taking the Division of Nutritional Sciences of Cornell University as a good example of the RD training unit,we describe the Cornell Un-dergraduate Didactic Program in Dietetics and Dietetic Internship.Career opportunities and job outlook for Ameri-can registered dietitians are also presented.

Objective To study the anti-tumor effect of tenacissoside H on Lewis lung cancer mice, and explore its impacts on immune function of tumor-bearing mice. Methods Mice was injected Lewis lung cancer cells subcutaneously to the right axilla. Thirty successful tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into model group, the cyclophosphamide (CTX) group and tenacissoside H group, 10 mice in each group. Three days after inoculation, mice were intraperitoneally injected by normal saline, CTX and tenacissoside H respectively every two days, 0.2 mL in each mouse. On the 21st day, the eyeballs were extracted and blood was drawn, tumor tissue, spleen and thymus were taken and weighted to calculate tumor inhibition rate, spleen index and thymus index, and the contents of IL-2 and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. Results The tumor weights of CTX group and tenacissoside H group were lower than that of the model group with significant difference (P<0.05), and the tumor inhibition rates were 54.12%, 25.68%. The thymus index and spleen index of tenacissoside H group increased, but that of CTX group decreased significantly. Compared with the model group, the IL-2 level of tenacissoside H group was significantly increased, while the IL-10 level decreased. Conclusion Tenacissoside H can inhibit growth and metastasis of Lewis lung cancer, regulate the expression of IL-2 and IL-10, and improve the immune function of tumor-bearing mice.

Objective To study the Dai medicine Yapa Tang inhibition on mice Lewis lung carcinoma growth and metastasis,and to explore the impact of the drug on mice immune function. Methods Subcutaneous injection LLC(Lewis lung carcinoma cells)in C57BL/6 mice’s right armpit was to establish rat models. 60 successful tumor-bearing mice were selected and thenafter inoculating LLC were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely the control group,Yapa Tang low-dose group,Yapa Tang mid-dose group, Yapa Tang high-dose group,cyclophosphamide group and Yapa Tang mid-dose combining cyclophosphamide group.Then,after inoculated 3 days,each group was administrated with medicines.The first four groups wereintragastricly administrated with 0.9% saline, low-dose, mid-dose and high-dose Yapa Tang with0.4ml respectively;the cyclophosphamide group was administrated with cyclophosphamide,and Yapa Tang mid-dose combining cyclophosphamide group was administrated with middle dose Yapa Tang and cyclophosphamide. After 21days, blood was taken from eyeballs. Tumor tissue, spleen, thymus were gotten and weighted to calculate inhibitory rate,spleen and thymus index, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) was adopted to detect Interleukin-2(IL-2), Interleukin-10(IL-10)and their contents. Results The tumor weight of Yapa Tang high-dose group, cyclophosphamide group and Yapa Tang mid-dose combining cyclophosphamide group was 3.46±0.39, 2.39±1.04 and 2.30±0.76 respectively,all lower than the control group, which was 5.21±0.50, showing significant difference(P<0.05), with the inhibition rate were33.69%, 54.12%, 56.00%. The thymus and spleen index of Yapa Tang low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group was2.16±0.69, 2.24± 0.76, 2.23 ± 0.63, 16.82 ± 3.14, 15.82 ± 1.72, 17.08 ± 3.65, significantly higher than that of the control group,which was1.94±0.6, 15.17±3.53. The IL-2, IL-10 level of control group were(883.54±181.49)ng/L, (1 106.86±343.79)ng/L. Yapa Tanggroupsshowed an increase in IL-2(1 732.29±100.52)ng/L, (1 813.33± 168.32)ng/L, (2 275.63 ± 394.76)ng/L and the decrease in level of IL-10, respectively were(834.02 ± 271.97)ng/L, (636.83±270.56)ng/L, (682.08±147.85)ng/L, with significant difference. Conclusion Yapa Tang can inhibit lewis lung cancer grow and reduce the number of lung metastases, regulate immune cytokines IL-2 and IL-10, and promote the immunity of tumor-bearing mice.

Objective:To determine the residual formaldehyde fumigation on the surface of pharmaceutical equipments by AHMT method. Methods:The reaction time of AHMT was controlled in 20 min, the solution with sodium periodate was then shaken for 30 seconds and stood for 30 seconds, and then the absorbance at 550 nm was measured. Results: The linear range of formaldehyde was 0. 250~2. 495 μg·ml-1. The recovery of formaldehyde on glass plate, color steel plate and stainless steel plate was (83. 42 ± 1. 48)%(n=3), (83. 63 ± 1. 94)%(n=3)and (83. 94 ± 2. 28)%(n=3), respectively. Conclusion:The method is proved to be convenient and accurate, and is suitable for the determination of formaldehyde on the surface of pharmaceutical equipments.

Objective To evaluate the value of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)in the diagnosis and classification of plas-ma-cell mastitis (PCM).Methods The breast MRIs of eighteen pathologically confirmed PCM patients were retrospectively ob-served and analyzed.The manifestations of lesions,including shape,size,margin,and characteristic enhancement on T1 WI,T2 WI with fat suppression and contrast enhanced T1 WI were observed and documented respectively.Results PCM were divided into three types according to MRIs:the inflammation type 4 cases,the abscess type 9 cases,and the mixed type 5 cases.In the inflammation type,3 cases of lesions were wide extending while the other 1 limited in nipple and areola.All 4 cases of lesions were hypointensity on T1 WI and hyperintensity on T2 WI with fat suppression.And in the contrast enhanced scanning,2 cases showed patchy hyperin-tensity and 2 cases showed branch-like enhancement.In abscess type,6 cases of lesions were wide and 3 cases limited in one quad-rant.Of all 9 cases,there were 3 cases with single abscess and 6 with multiple abscess;and all cases showed hypointensity on T1 WI and hyperintensity on T2 WI with fat suppression.In the enhanced scanning,there were 4 cases with honeycomb-like hyperintensity and 5 cases with annular and patchy enhancement.In mixed type,inflammation was accompanied with abscess and fistula.All cases were hypointensity on T1 WI and hyperintensity on T2 WI with fat suppression.In the enhanced scanning,3 cases showed honeycomb-like enhancement,1 case showed multiple annular enhancement and 1 case showed annular and patchy enhancement.Regions of in-terest were selected and time-signal intensity curves were obtianed in every enhancement cases,all of which were influent.Of all ca-ses,5 showed high-protein deposition in the expansion ducts,exhibiting hyperintensity on T1 WI and hypointensity on T2 WI with fat suppression.Conclusion The abscess type is the most common in PCM and the second is the mixed type.Annular and honeycomb-like enhancement are characteristic appearance of these two types,which are helpful in the diagnosis and classification of PCM.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content and dissolution determination of berberine hydrochloride in Fengshi qutong capsule. METHODS:HPLC was conducted to determine the content of berberine hydrochloride in the preparation:the column was Waters Xbridge C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L sodium hydrogen(45:55,V/V)at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min,de-tection wavelength was 345 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. Rotating basket method was used to determine the dissolution of berberine hydrochloride. RESULTS:The linear range of berberine hydrochloride was 1.06-74.2 μg/ml(r=0.9999);RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 1%;recovery was 96.8%-100.6%(RSD=1.6%,n=9). The dissolution of samples in 30 min was higher than 80%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and stable with good reproducibility,and can be used for content and dissolution determination of berberine hydrochloride in Fengshi qutong capsule.

This study examined the possible mechanism of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in the treatment of allergic asthma. Forty asthma patients allergic to dust mite were enrolled. They received SLIT with dermatophagoides farinae (Der. f) drops for one year. Thirty healthy subjects served as controls. The levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined in allergic asthma patients before and after the SLIT as well as the healthy subjects. The results showed that the level of IL-4 was substantially increased and that of IFN-γ remarkably decreased in the patients before the SLIT as compared with those in the healthy subjects (P<0.05). After the SLIT, the level of IL-4 was significantly reduced and that of IFN-γ elevated in these allergic asthma patients. It was concluded that sublingual immunotherapy is effective for patients with allergic asthma. And it may work by regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 through changing the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ in PBMCs.