0.05). Conclusion The present method has many advantages such as simplicity of operation,rapidity,better accuracy for the accurate quantitative analysis of urinary manganese.

A registered dietitian credential is generally accepted and recognized as the most authoritative certificate of eligibility for American dietitians.In this article we describe in detail the American Registered Dieti-tian (RD) training system,administered by the Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education (CADE) and the Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR) of the American Dietetic Association (ADA).Taking the Division of Nutritional Sciences of Cornell University as a good example of the RD training unit,we describe the Cornell Un-dergraduate Didactic Program in Dietetics and Dietetic Internship.Career opportunities and job outlook for Ameri-can registered dietitians are also presented.

Objective To analyse the relationship between the personality and occupation tension of anesthesiologists.Methods One hundred anesthesiologists working at different hospitals in Shenzhen volunteered to complete the questionnaire.Ninety-one valid questionaires were recovered.The questionnaire survey included the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Job Content Questionnaire and anesthesia events.The standard scores of internal and external factor,stubborn factor,emotional stability factor,social support,sense of personal achievement and work demand/control ratio (D/C) were calculated.Results Internal and external factor (E) and stubborn factor (P) were negatively correlated with demand/control ratio (D/C).The correlation coefficients were-0.7805and-0.2375.There was no correlation between emotional stability factor (N) and D/C.Social support and sense of personal achievement were negatively correlated with D/C.The correlation coefficients were-0.225 and -0.264.More than 50％ of the study subjects suffered from mental tension during op.eration and fatique after night shift,overtime work and emergency operation.Conclusion Occupation tension is lower in extroverted and higher in introverted anesthesiologists and is also relatively low in those with stubborn personality.Strong social support and deep sense of personal achievement can lower occupation tension.

Military hygiene is one of compulsory courses for undergraduates majored in clinical medicine in military colleges. Aiming at the disconnection between theoretical and practical ability in the traditional teaching process and combining with professional features of military hygiene, teaching reform should give priority to curriculum standards, human resource construction, teaching content and method, teaching quality assessment and feedback system. Meanwhile, teaching idea of‘learning to use’ should be strengthened and teaching scheme in line with the actual needs of military health service security work should be put forward in order to provide new ideas for training military health personnel.

AIM: To investigate the effects of antagonistic peptide specifically binding to the second extracellular loop of CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) on inflammatory cell infiltration and TNF-α expression in lung tissues of asthmatic mice.METHODS: The asthmatic model of BALB/c mice was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and the optimal sensitization concentration of OVA was screened.After modeling, the mice were intervened by gradual concentrations of antagonistic peptide via tail-vein injection.The pathocytological analysis and grading were performed in the lung tissues with HE staining.The expression of TNF-α at mRNA and protein levels in the lung tissues was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.RESULTS: The optimal concentration of OVA was 500 mg/L (0.1 mL) as this concentration of OVA stably induced moderate degree of inflammation in the BALB/c mice.Treatment with different concentrations (1.5 g/L, 2.5 g/L and 3.5 g/L) of antagonistic peptide at 0.2 mL through tail-vein injection inhibited the expression of TNF-α, and markedly reduced the degree of inflammation in the lung tissues.The optimal concentration of antagonistic peptide was 2.5 g/L as the lung inflammation degree in 2.5 g/L group alleviated by 2 grades, and the number of inflammatory cells was also significantly reduced.Moreover, the mRNA expression abundance of TNF-α was nearly decreased by 90%, and the protein expression of TNF-α was decreased by 70% compared with model group.Meanwhile, the use of antagonistic peptide at 2.5 g/L before OVA stimulation confirmed the preventive function to some degree.In this group, the lung inflammation degree alleviated by 1 grade, and the expression of TNF-α at both mRNA and protein levels decreased by nearly 50%.CONCLUSION: The antagonistic peptide of CCR5 effectively inhibits the expression of TNF-α and relieves the inflammation in the asthmatic mouse lung tissues in a concentration-dependent manner.

Objective:To compare the fit of Co-Cr basal crowns fabricated by three kinds of technology. Methods:18 laser cured resin dies were divided into A, B and C groups(n=6) randomly. Co-Cr basal crowns of group A, B and C were made by traditional casting technology, CAD/CAM cutting metal technology and direct metal laser sintering technology( DMLS) respectively. The crowns were cemented to the corresponding dies and the basal crowns and dies were embedded in methyl acrylic. The thickness of the cement layer of the samples was measured under a stero microscope. Data were analyzed with SPSS13. 0 statistical software. Results:Marginal gap of group A, B and C was (66.08 ±3.90) μm, (29.21 ±3.31) μm and (24.96 ±2.99) μm respectively(P<0.01). Internal gap of group A, B and C was (114. 10 ± 27. 66) μm, (73. 69 ± 31. 31) μm and (79. 89 ± 33. 63) μm respectively(A vs B or C, P<0. 01, B vs C, P>0. 05). Conclusion:DMLS technology may make the best marginal fit, CAD/CAM and DMLS technology may pro-duce better internal fit. The marginal fit and the internal fit of the crowns prepared by the 3 methods can meet the clinical requirements.

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and risk factors in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods The biochemical indices, blood pressure and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in pa-tients with CKD were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors of LVH were analyzed using Logistic regression. Results In 125 CKD patients, 32.00%were at 4th stage and 68.00%were at 5th stage. The estimate glomerular ifltration rate (eGFR) and hemo-globin (Hb) level were signiifcantly higher in CKD patients at 4th stage than in those at 5th stage. The intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), serum phosphorus and LVMI were signiifcantly lower in CKD patients at 4th stage than in those at 5th stage (P<0.01). LVH was detected in 33.60%CKD patients. The eGFR and Hb level were signiifcantly lower in CKD patients with LVH than in those without LVH. The iPTH, serum phosphorus, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were signiifcantly higher in CKD patients with LVH than in those without LVH (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that only hypertension, hyperphosphatemia, moderate and severe anemia were the risk factors of LVH. Conclusion Control of hypertension, hyperphos-phatemia and anemia is the key to prevent LVH in CKD patients.

Objective To evaluate the guidance value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and CT scan in preoperative clinical staging for diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer .Methods 68 patients with esophageal cancer were randomly divided into EUS group and CT group using a random numbers table(34 cases in each group) .Patients in EUS group were examined by EUS , patients in CT group were examined by CT scan ,and staged according to the TNM (2003) staging system ,and were compared with surgical pathologic findings .Results The accuracy rates of T staging by EUS were 0(0/2) for Tis ,75 .0% (3/4) for T1 ,75 .0% (6/8) for T2 ,86 .7% (13/15) for T3 ,80 .0% (4/5) for T4 ,and the totle accuracy rate was 76 .5% (26/34) for T ;those of N staging were 71 .4% (5/7) for N0 ,75 .0% (9/12) for N1 ,0(0/11) for N2 ,0(0/4) for N3 ,and the totle accuracy rate was 41 .2% (14/34) for N .The accuracy rate of T staging by CT scan were 0(0/1) for Tis ,33 .3% (2/6) for T1 ,28 .6% (2/7) for T2 ,78 .6% (11/14) for T3 ,83 .3% (5/6) for T4 and the totle accuracy rate was 58 .8% (20/34) for T ,the difference was statistically significant com-pared with the EUS group(P<0 .05);those of N staging were 77 .8% (7/9) for N0 ,76 .9% (10/13) for N1 ,66 .7% (4/6) for N2 , 50 .0% (3/6) for N3 and the totle accuracy rate was 70 .6% (24/34) for N ,the difference was statistically significant compared with the EUS group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The accuracy rate of EUS are higher for diagnosis in esophageal cancer and preoperative T staging .The accuracy rate of CT scan are higher for the preoperative N staging .EUS combined with CT scan has great significance for choosing ideal therapy plan for esophageal cancer ,and for estimating prognosis of esophageal cancer .

Background:Non-variceal vascular originated gastrointestinal bleeding has been attracted more and more attention in clinical practice. Because of the poor efficacy of conventional drug therapy and the high rebleeding rate,endoscopic therapy or interventional therapy have become the first choice. Aims:To investigate the therapeutic value of endoscopic therapy and interventional therapy in non-variceal vascular originated gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed in 77 patients with non-variceal vascular originated gastrointestinal bleeding who underwent endoscopic therapy or interventional therapy from January 2010 to May 2016 at Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University. The therapeutic efficacy of the two therapies was compared. Results:In 77 patients,48 patients received endoscopic therapy and 29 patients received interventional therapy. Compared with interventional therapy group, hemoglobin was significantly higher (P = 0. 007)and Blatchford score was significantly lower in endoscopic therapy group (P = 0. 021). Stomach lesion was found in 22 patients,25 in duodenum,18 in small intestine,9 in colon and 3 in rectum. Angiodysplasia lesion was found in 35 patients,ulcer combined with angiodysplasia in 26 patients,arterial rupture in 13 patients,and angiotelectasis in 3 patients. Rebleeding occurred in 7 patients underwent endoscopic therapy within 72 hours. No rebleeding was found in patients underwent interventional therapy,however,1 patients died from pulmonary embolism. Conclusions:Most patients with upper gastrointestinal angiodysplasia can benefit from endoscopic therapy. Surgery may be a better choice for those with more severe mucosal damage and rebleeding within 72 hours after treatment. Interventional treatment may be a first choice for those who have bleeding from small intestinal angiodysplasia,lower hemoglobin and a higher Blatchford score.