Objective To quantify the effect of gradual respiratory functional training on the lung function and quality of life (QOL) of patients convalescing from Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Methods Thirty-two GBS patients were randomly divided into two groups a control group which received routine nursing and a respiratory function training group.The training was in three stages:thoracic or/and abdominal respiration,deep breathing and respiratory exercise.After 2 and 4 months of treatment,the 16 min walk test and the SF-36 health questionnaire were used to evaluate the subjects' lung function,motor capacity and QOL. Results After 2 and 4 months of treatment,vital capacity (VC),forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximal ventilatory volume (MVV) had all improved significantly in the training group.Their 6 min walk distances and QOL ( in all 8 domains) had also improved significantly.The average VC.FVC.FEV1 and MVV in the control group all decreased slightly but the decreases were not significant.Their 6 min walk distances had improved significantly,however,as had the physical function,mental health.psychological role,physical pain and integrated health domains of their QOL. Conclusion Training the respiratory functional of GBS patients during convalescence can prevent the lung function decay due to muscle weakness,and can also improve motor ability and QOL.

Objective To evaluate the effect of group psychological intervention and relaxation training on nurses' job burnout.Methods A total of 236 female registered nurses [mean age (27±4) years,and mean employment (17±3) years] were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=120) and the control group (n=116).The intervention group had 60-minute group psychological intervention,10-minute psychological relaxing exercises and 20-minute progressing muscle relaxing exercises per week for 8 weeks.The control group did not receive any instrument.The participants were assessed at the 1st and 8th week by using the Job Burnout Scale.Results There was no statistical significance in three dimensions of the Job Burnout Scale between the two groups at baseline (P＞0.05).However,after the intervention,the intervention group had lower scores of EE (13.62±7.86 vs.19.83±4.89) and DP (5.25±3.27 vs.6.55±3.43) and higher scores of PA (38.28±6.34 vs.32.13±7.06) than the control group (all P＜0.01),and had lower scores of EE (18.92±8.36 vs.13.62±7.86) and DP (6.44±3.56 vs.5.25±3.27) and higher scores of PA (28.39±7.78 vs.38.28 ± 6.34) than baseline (all P＜0.01).The control group showed no significant difference in those parameters before and after the intervention (P＞0.05).In the intervention group,1-9 years employment subgroup had lower scores of EE (13.21±7.32 vs.16.91±5.63) and DP (5.61±4.33 vs.7.80±4.59) and higher scores of PA (36.34±7.28 vs.31.39±6.88) than the control group; 10-19 years employment subgroup had lower scores of EE (11.68±5.95 vs.15.14±6.43) and DP (5.11±3.65 vs.7.82±5.21) and higher scores of PA (31.24±8.90 vs.27.33±5.96) than the control group (all P＜0.01); 20-29 years employment subgroup had lower scores of EE (12.37±5.23 vs.15.36±4.98) than the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions Group psychological intervention and relaxation training could effectively relieve nurses' job burnout.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economics of azithromycin vs. amocillin clavulante in the treatment of lower respirato-ry tract infections. METHODS:System evaluation was adopted to retrieve the randomized controlled trials(RCT)about azithromy-cin(test group)vs. amoxicillin clavulanate(control group)in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. Information was col-lected and Meta-analyses were performed. On this basis and short-term decision tree model,cost factors were added to conduct the pharmacoeconomics by the principle of PICO of Treeage Pro 2011 edition software. RESULTS:Totally 18 RCT were enrolled,in-volving 3 365 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the effective rate [RR=0.93, 95%CI(0.55,1.55),P=0.77] and incidence of adverse reactions [RR=0.79,95%CI(0.62,1.0),P=0.05] between 2 groups. The av-erage treatment cost in test group and control group was respectively 790.4 yuan and 884.4 yuan,and cost-effectiveness ratio was respectively 216.0 and 245.7,and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER)was -1 392.59. CONCLUSIONS:Azithromycin has similar efficacy and safety to amoxicillin clavulanate in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection,however,azithromy-cin has better cost-effectiveness.

Objective To assess the ability of ABCD3-Ⅰ score in evaluating the early risk of cerebral infarction after transient ischemic attack ( TIA ).Methods A total of 107 TIA patients were evaluated according to ABCD2,ABCD3 and ABCD3-Ⅰ criteria.The occurrences of cerebral infarction within 2 days and 7 days were observed.Results The AUCRoc of ABCD2,ABCD3 and ABCD3-Ⅰ were 0.61,0.66 and 0.71 in predicting the risk of cerebral infarction within 2 days,and were 0.62,0.68 and 0.74 in predicting within 7 days,respectively.Among 107 patients with TIA,13 evolved into cerebral infarction within 2 days,accounting for 12.1％,and 24 within 7 days,accounting for 22.4％.According to ABCD3-Ⅰ criteria,17 patients were of low risk scored 0-3 ; 54 patients were of medium risk scored 4-7 ; and 36 patients were of high risk scored 8-13.The different incidence of cerebral infarction after TIA was related to ABCD3-Ⅰ score:the higher the score was,the higher incidence was.Except for age factor,every score item of ABCD3-Ⅰ display obvious influence to the occurrence of cerebral infarction within 2 days and 7 days after TIA (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion ABCD3-Ⅰ criteria could more effectively predict the occurrence of early risk of cerebral infarction after TIA,which could be used in regular clinical practice for assistance in TIA risk stratification and treatment.

Objective To explore the correlation between NF-κB signaling pathways activated by IL-18 in CD4+ T cells and the pathogenesis of PBC.Methods We detected the expression of IL-18 mRNA in PBMCs,IL-18 level in plasma,receptor IL-18R on surface of CD4+ T cell,proliferation rate of CD4+T cell and its NF-κB signaling pathway protein IκBα and NF-κB p65 by qRT-PCR,ELISA,flow cytometry,MACS and Western blot on 32 cases of patients with PBC (PBC group) and 32 healthy people (control group) in Guizhou provincial people′s hospital.Results The level of IL-18 in PBC group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The relative expression of IL-18 mRNA in PBC group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The percentage of CD4+T cells expressing IL-18Rα in PBC group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The proliferation rate of CD4+T cells stimulated by IL-18 in PBC group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (P<0.01).The relative expression levels of NF-κB p65 protein were up-regulated in IL-18,and the expression of IκBα protein in each group was significantly increased,especially in PBC group (P<0.01).Conclusion IL-18 can activate NF-κB signal pathway in CD4+ T cells and participate in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis.

Objective To identify the applicability of Traditional nutritional evaluation method,short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF) and nutrition risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) on screening malnutrition in elderly in-patients.Methods 100 elderly in-patients with malnutrition were screened by the above screening instruments.The evaluation effects of the 3 methods were compared by sensitivity,specificity and ROC curve.Results The detection rates of elderly in-patients with malnutrition by BMI,MNA-SF and NRS 2002 was 7％,58％ and 39％ respectively.Taking the human body measurement instrument as standard,the sensitivities of BMI,MNA-SF and NRS 2002 was 0.475,0.918 and 0.410respectively,the specificities was 0.615,0.103 and 0.641 respectively.3 tools series test sensitivity and specificities was 0.557 and 0.913 respectively,parallel test sensitivity and specificities was 0.929 and 0.435 respectively.Conclusions There is significant difference among the sensitivities of the 3 methods,NRS 2002 has the highest accuracy and is applicable to the screening of nutrition risks in elderly patients.Combined 3 kinds of tool can better improve the effect.

Objective:To evaluate any effect of transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) on the motor functioning of rats modelling stroke using the Catwalk gait analysis system.Methods:A stroke model was induced in 24 rats using middle cerebral artery embolization. They were then randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group and a tPCS group, each of 8. Neurological deficit scores were assigned 1 day after the modeling. Beginning two days after the modeling the tPCS group was given 20 minutes of tPCS daily with an intensity of 0.2mA at 10Hz for 7 days. Gait data were collected using the Catwalk gait system 1 day before, as well as 1 and 9 days after the modeling.Results:Nine days after the modeling the average Bederson neuroethology score of the tPCS group was significantly lower than one day after the modelling and significantly lower than the model group′s average. One day after the modelling significant differences were observed in the model and tPCS groups in the average contact area of the affected limb′s paw prints, limb swing speed, stride length, limb speed, swing time, average running speed and standing time compared with before the operation. After nine days the average standing time on the affected fore and hind limbs, as well as the paw contact areas were significantly better in the tPCS group than in the model group.Conclusion:tPCS can promote improvements in gait after ischemia and reperfusion, at least in rats.

Objective To explore the genetic pathogen of patients with non-syndromic hearing impairment and to provide prenatal diagnosis for the families of hereditary deafness. Methods Mutation screening of GJB2, SLC26A4, GJB3 and mitochondrial 12 S rRNA genes was performed in 208 patients with non-syndromic hearing impairment by gene chip. Then direct sequencing was used in 41 patients who were found one mutation of GJB2 or SLC26A4 gene. And prenatal diagnosis was carried out in two families by direct sequencing. Results Eighty-six patients (41.35％) were found at least one mutation by gene chip. Among them, 40 patients were found to carry two mutations and 46 patients were found to carry one mutation. The most frequent mutation was 235delC, which was found in 46 patients. And 12 cases were found the second mutation through direct sequencing. A total of 52 (25.00％) patients were detected two mutations. Prenatal diagnosis showed that one fetus carried compound mutations of 299-300delAT and 235delC, and another one carried heterozygous mutation of IVS7-2A>G. Conclusion Patients with non-syndromic hearing impairment can be accurately diagnosed by gene chip and Sanger sequencing. The prenatal diagnosis is primary means for high-risk fetuses.

Objective: Our aim was to study the role of telomerase activation in the course of cervical carcinogenesis and progression.Methods:Telomeric repeat amplification protocol(TRAP) assay was used to measure telomerase activity in tissue samples with various cervical conditions:40 with cervical cancer, 50 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN), 20 with normal cervice. Results:The positive rate of telomerase activity was 95.0%,44.0%, and 10.0% in cervical cancer, CIN, and normal cervices, respectively, which was significantly higher in cervical cancer than that in CIN and normal cervices, so was that in CIN than that in normal cervices (P<0.01) . The positive rate was 22.2%, 37.5%, and 75.0% in CINⅠ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, respectively, which was significantly higher in CINⅢ than that in CIN Ⅱand CINⅠ (P<0.01).Conclusion:Telomerase activation may relate to cervical carcinogenesis, which correlates well with the grade of cervical lesions.

Objective To investigate the changing characteristics of myocardial movement in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy by three?di?mensional speckle tracking echocardiography(3D?STE). Methods The peak systolic global longitudinal train(GLS),global radial strain(GRS), global circumferential stain(GCS)and global area strain(GAS)of left ventricle were measured by 3D?STE technology in 69 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. According to the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),all patients were divided into group A(35%≤LVEF<50%)and group B (LVEF<35%). The differences of measurements were compared between two groups. The correlation between global myocardial strain in all direc?tions and left ventricular ejection fraction was analyzed. Results The GLS,GRS,GCS and GAS were significantly higher in group A than those in group B(P<0.01). The GLS,GRS,GCS and GAS were correlated with LVEF in group A(r=-0.871,0.610,-0.423,-0.797;P<0.05).The GCS,GRS and GAS were correlated with LVEF in group B(r=-0.517,0.368,-0.438;P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between GLS and LVEF in group B. Conclusion 3D?STE technology can be applied to evaluate the change of the myocardial movement. GLS is a promis?ing marker of the prognosis in patients with DCM.