regulatory T cell(Treg)is a subset of immunosuppressive Th cell lines with ability to sup-press anti-tumor immunity. Tregs are recruited into local tumor microenvironment by tumor-released chemokine CCL22. Tregs induce Th2-type immune responses which contribute the host ignorance and tolerance to tumor cells via releasing of immunosuppressive cytokines and immunosuppressive receptors. Accumulating evidences indicate that inhibiting Treg can break immune tolerance,and subsequently inhibit the growth and progress of cancer. These discoveries and exploration of Treg provide us a new therapeutic target and strategy with promising clinic application.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Baotou City of Inner Mongolia from 2008 to 2011.Methods Datas were collected from surveillance and investigation of human brucellosis in Baotou City during 2008-2011,and analyzed by descriptive study and statistics methods,including the main outcome measures:incidence,time distribution,endemic distribution,occupation distribution,age and sex distribution.Results About 2 338 cases were reported during the 4 years,the average annual incidence rate was 25.52/one hundred thousand,the annual incidence rate was in the range of 5.37/one hundred thousand to 38.65/one hundred thousand,and the incidence rate was rising year by year.The incidence mainly concentrated from April to August,and total reported cases were 1 423,accounting for 60.86％(1 423/2 338).Damaoqi and Guyangxian were regions with high prevalence rate of human brucellosis,and total reported cases were 1 652,accounting for 70.66％(1 652/2 338).The incidence of farmers was higher,accounting for 75.53％ (1 766/2 338).The 31-60 years old group had the highest incidence,accounting for 75.02％(1 754/2 338).The incidence of male was higher than that of female,male accounted for 75.19％ (1 758/2 338).Conclusions The infection of human brucellosis in Baotou City shows an increasing trend and widening scope.The incidence of human brucellosis has significant seasonal,regional,gender and age differences.

BACKGROUND: Exhaustive exercise is a vigorous physical activity performed by an organism beyond its physiological limits, and it causes a series of histological changes in the body. Myocardial exercise-induced oxidative stress injury means that the organism generates free radicals through oxidative stress signal pathway to damage myocardial cells under exhaustive exercise. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of oxidative stress injury in rat myocardium caused by one-time exhaustive exercise based on the protein kinase C (PKC)/ NOX pathway. METHODS: Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, an exhaustive exercise group, and an exhaustive exercise+drug group, with 10 rats in each group. The exhaustive exercise+drug group was injected with PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (5 mg/kg body weight) for 3 consecutive days. Rats in the two exercise groups exercised at a speed of 25 m/min on a 0° incline treadmill until exhaustion. Immediately after exercise, blood sample was collected from each rat, and then the rat’s left ventricle was removed for hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the morphological changes of myocardial cells. Serum and myocardial malondialdehyde and myocardial reactive oxygen species levels were detected. The protein expressions of PKC, NOX2, NOX4 and 3-NT in rat myocardial tissue were determined by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The myocardial tissues in the exhaustive exercise and exhaustive exercise+drug groups were damaged, but the damage was significantly eased in the exhaustive exercise+drug group compared with the exhaustive exercise group. Compared with the control group, the reactive oxygen species level in the myocardial tissue of the exhaustive exercise group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of malondialdehyde in the myocardial tissues of the exhaustive exercise and exhaustive exercise+drug groups was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the concentration of serum malondialdehyde in the exhaustive exercise group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of PKC, NOX2, NOX4 and 3-NT proteins in the myocardium of rats after exhaustive exercise were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the exhaustive exercise group, the expression levels of NOX2 and NOX4 in the myocardial tissue of rats significantly decreased in the exhaustive exercise+drug group (P < 0.01), and the expression of 3-NT significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Therefore, one-time exhaustive exercise can activate PKC and increase its protein expression in rat myocardial cells, which in turn induces an increase in the expression of NOX2 and NOX4 proteins in the myocardium, catalyzes the generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species, and leads to the excessive production of peroxynitrite anions, thereby causing oxidative damage to the myocardium.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the preparation technique and optimal formulation of ketoconazole calcium alginate gel beads.METHODS:Ketoconazole calcium alginate gel beads were prepared by droplet method.The orthogonal experiment was carried out with encapsulation efficiency(EE)and drug loading(LD)as indexes to optimize the optimal formulation of the calcium alginate gel beads.The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading amount for the optimized formulation were determined,and the optimized formulation was compared with crude drug in respect of the in vitro drug release behavior.RESULTS:The result showed that the optimal formulation was as follows:2.0% Na-alginate and 0.3mol? L-1 CaCl2 with the ratio of Na-alginate:ketoconazole at 2∶ 1.The average EE and LD were(90.53? 2.32)% and(31.51? 2.08)%,respectively,and the slow-release was better as compared with that of the crude drug.CONCLUSION:The preparation procedure is simple,feasible,stable and reproducible.

0.05) in the maimed group, indignation score was high, depression score was low and self-esteem score was high ( P

Objective In order to improve the teaching effectiveness of anatomy in nursing, this article made an exploration on the experimental teaching reform combined with the characteristics of nursing profession. Methods The nursing students of class 1and 2 of 2013were set as the research object. The class 1 (110) as experimental class, class 2 (110) for the control group. In the experimental class, the reform of teaching method and teaching quality was improved by adjusting the teaching syl-labus and teaching contents. The control class used the traditional experimental teaching method. The experiment class' teaching reform research of the human anatomy carried on the 1 semester. Exam achievement evaluation and the questionnaire survey were adopted to assess the teaching effect. SPSS 13.0 software was used to do statistical analysis and t test was used to compare two groups of students test scores, experiment grades, test scores and total scores. Results Experimental theory examination results [(47.80±7.30) vs. (44.85±8.38)], experiment grades [(15.48±1.76) vs. (14.55±2.19)], ex-periment test scores [(15.52±2.22) vs. (14.35±2.64)], total score [(78.80±8.99) vs. (73.75±10.53)] were better than control group (P<0.05). In questionnaire survey,more than 80% of the students think that the reformed teaching method can help to improve the teaching effect. Conclusion In human anatomy experiment teaching reform, the reformed experiment teaching method can significantly improve students' scores and the teaching effect. It is better than the traditional method, and is worth publicizing.

Objectives: To inveatigate Helicobacter pylo r i (Hp) in dental plaque and its relevance to gastric disease.Methods: 40 physical examination subjects were recruited. Subgingival plaque and gastric biopsy samples were respectively collected for detection of Hpby in vitroculture. Results: Hpwas identified in gastric biopsy from ten of thirty-seven (27.03%) subjects with proven chronic gastric disease. From five of the ten, Hpwas isolated in their dental plaque. None of three subjects without chronic gastric disease had Hpin their gastric bi opsy. However, Hpwas found in dental plaque from one of the three.C onclusion: The results suggest that dental plaque is an ecological niche of Hp. Oral Hpmay be related to chronic gastric disease.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of ureteroscopy pneumatic lithotripsy(PL) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) in the treatment of distal ureteral calculi.Methods 368 cases of distal ureteral calculi were divided into the PL treatment group(178 cases) and the ESWL treatment groups(190 cases).The clinical datas were compared between the two groups.Results PL treatment group 97.19% patients became stone free in 4 weeks,and in ESWL treatment group the stone free rate was 73.16%(P

Objective To detect the selective inhibitory effects of irradiation plus adenovirusmediated horseradish peroxidase ( HRP)/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) suicide gene system using tumorspecific and radio-inducible chimeric promoter on human hepatocellular carcinoma subcutaneously xenografted in nude mouse.MethodsRecombinant replicated-deficient adenovirus vector containing HRP gene and chimeric human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter carrying 6 radioinducible CArG elements was constructed.A human subcutaneous transplanting hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC97 cell line) model was treated with -γ-ray irradiation plus intra-tumor injections of adenoviral vector and intra-peritoneal injections of prodrug IAA.The change of tumor volume and tumor growth inhibiting rate,the survival time of nude mice,as well as histopathology of xenograft tumor and normal tissues were evaluated.Results Thirty one days after the treatment,the relative tumor volumes in the negative,adenovirus therapy,irradiation,and combination groups were 49.23 ± 4.55,27.71 :± 7.74,28.53 + 10.48 and 11.58 ± 3.23,respectively.There was a significantly statistical difference among them (F = 16.288,P ＜0.01 ).The inhibition effect in the combination group was strongest as compared with that in other groups,and its inhibition ratio was 76.5%.The survival period extended to 43 d in the combination group,which showed a significantly difference with that in the control group(x2 = 18.307 ,P ＜0.01 ).The area of tumors necrosis in the combination group was larger than that in the other groups,and the normal tissues showed no treatment-related toxic effect in all groups.However,multiple hepatocellular carcinoma metastases were observed in the liver in the control group,there were a few metastases in the monotherapy groups and no metastasis in the combination group.Conclusions Adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy plus radiotherapy dramatically could inhibit tumor growth and prolong median survival time.It might provide a promising therapeutic modality for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers. Hepadnaviral DNA integrations are considered to be essential agents which can promote the process of the hepatocarcinogenesis. More and more researches were designed to find the relationship of the two. In this study, we investigated whether HBV DNA integration occurred at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), one of the most detrimental DNA damage. An 18-bp I-SceI homing endonuclease recognition site was introduced into the DNA of HepG2 cell line by stable DNA transfection, then cells were incubated in patients' serum with high HBV DNA copies and at the same time, DSBs were induced by transient expression of I-SceI after transfection of an I-SceI expression vector. By using nest PCR, the viral DNA was detected at the sites of the break. It appeared that integration occurred between part of HBV x gene and the I-SceI induced breaks. The results suggested that DSBs, as the DNA damages, may serve as potential targets for hepadnaviral DNA insertion and the integrants would lead to widespread host genome changes necessarily. It provided a new site to investigate the integration.