OBJECTIVE:To shorten the time of admixture of temporary medical order in PIVAS,and to guarantee the timely treatment of patients. METHODS:Through the definition,measurement,analysis,improvement and control ie. five steps of six sigma method,the consumed time of each link of temporary medical order admixture in PIVAS was analyzed in our hospital during Mar. 9th-22nd in 2015 (before improvement);key points were found out,and relevant measures were formulated and improved;the consumed time of each link of temporary medical order admixture in PIVAS was collected again during Jul. 27th-Aug. 9th in 2015 in order to evaluate improvement effects. RESULTS:It was quality key point that total length of temporary medical order ad-mixture which included injection sequence,label checking,preparation,package rechecking,drug distribution and so on,was con-trolled within 120 min;through formulating and implementing various measures as improving information system,adjusting prepa-ration sequence and shunting staff posts flexibly,the total time of first 3 batches of temporary order admixture were 120,98 and 77 min after improvement,shortening by about 30,50 and 55 min respectively,compared with before improvement (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The six sigma method has shortened the time of temporary order medical admixture in our hospital. The formulat-ed measures are effective and feasible.

OBJECTIVE:To review the practicality and effectiveness ofReady-to-useextended mobile Baxter intravenous ad-mixture service(BIVAS)in the application of intravenous medication centralized deployment services. METHODS:Combined with the requirements of Intravenous Admixture Centralized Deployment and Quality Management Practices,and the present establish-ment and management characteristics in pharmacy intravenous admixture services (PIVAS) in our hospital,the development and management methods of BIVAS each link were introduced and summarized from pre-building to post-trial operation. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS:Specific measures and methods for developing BIVAS in our hospital were introduced from aspects of assess-ment,site selection,building,research,staffing and operation,etc. It had proved that BIVAS can achieve a daily compoundingload of about 600 bags in 8 wards of eastern branch of our hospital. Since BIVAS holds advantages in sterile dispensing equipment and technology that is comparable to PIVAS,and lower space requirements,shorter building periods,more flexible combination, less occupation of funds and other health resources as well as more convenient post-maintenance,it can take the place of PIVAS to effectively complete intravenous drug deployment services under general workload with certain practicality when a hospital couldn't build PIVAS limited by building funds,venues,time and other factors.

Objective To study the influence of pharmacy intravenous admixture servers(PIVAS)on human resource prioritized allocation.Methods We compared the time consumption and efficiency of drug dispensing as well as the human resource allocation before and after the establishment of PIVAS.The influence of PIVAS on the human resource allocation of nursing and pharmacy staff and work efficiency were analyzed.Results Nursing human resource were economized and we realized human resource prioritized allocation after the establishment of PIVAS.Conclusions Establishment of PIVAS facilitated the human resource prioritized allocation of nursing and pharmacy staff.It can promote the development of nursing cause and possesses wide application value.

OBJECTIVE: To establish reference values of acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry and rhinospirometer in healthy adults in Tianjin area, analyze the effects of age,sex and side on the value, investigate the correlation of the measure values, offer the diagnosis date for test nasal ventilation function in Tianjin area. METHOD: Four hundred and sixty-six healthy adults in Tianjin area were tested. A1 acoustic rhinometry was used to measure the minimum cross-sectional area (MCA), distance of the minimal cross-sectional area to the nostril (DCAN) and the nasal volume from 0-5 cm, 2-5 cm (V5, V2-5); At 150 Pa, 75 Pa and broms, NR6 Rhinomanometry was used to measure unilateral nasal inspiratory resistance (IR)and expiratory resistance (ER), bilateral nasal inspiratory and expiratory resistance (TIR and TER), and differences of the bilateral nasal resistance can be calculated; NV1 Rhinospirometer was used to measure unilateral inspiratory capacity (IC) and expiration capacity (EC), and the nasal partitioning ratio (NPR) can be calculated. Practical measure the distance of nostril to ahead of the inferior turbinate and compare with DCAN. Make the correlational analysis on different index of three exam. RESULT: Reference values of acoustic rhinometry: MCA was (0.45 +/- 0. 16) cm2 for male, (0.44 +/- 0.16) cm2 for female; V2-5 was (3.52 +/- 1.38) cm3 for male, (3.36 +/- 1.22) cm3 for female, V5 was (5.10 +/- 1.47) cm3 for male, (4.86 +/- 1.12) cm3 for female; DCAN have two distance, (2.22 +/- 0.398, 0.53 +/- 0.625) cm was for male, (2.10 +/- 0.37, 0.67 +/- 0.15) cm was for female. No significant gender, side and age differences were shown in MCA, V5, V2-5. Significant gender differences were shown in DCAN but no side and age differences. Reference values of rhinomanometry: Significant gender but no side and age differences were shown in IR, ER, TIR, TER. Reference values of rhinospirometer: IC was (2.06 +/- 1.10) L/20 s for male, (1.37 +/- 0.34) L/20 s for female, EC was (2.15 +/- 1.23) L/20 s for male (1.39 +/- 0.58) L/20 s for female. NPRi was 0.11 [0.05, 0.23],NPRe was 0.11 [0.05, 0.19]. Significant gender but no side and age differences were shown in IC and EC. No gender and age differences were shown in NPRi and NPRe. There was significant correlation found between MCA and IR/ER/IC/EC, IR and IC, ER and EC, Rlr and NPRi/ NPRe. CONCLUSION Acoustic rhinometry,rhinomanometry and rhinospirometer can be useful reference values to evaluate nasal ventilation function, more value will be found if use the three together.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; physiology ; Nasal Mucosa ; physiology ; Nose ; physiology ; Reference Values ; Respiration ; Rhinomanometry ; standards ; Rhinometry, Acoustic ; standards ; Young Adult

Abstract Depression is a major public health issue among adolescents. The Ministry of Education of China recently proposed to integrate depression screening into students school health check among adolescents. However, there are inconsistencies regarding the strength of recommendation and implementation details of routine screening for adolescent depression across professional organizations and countries. This paper outlines the epidemiology and risk factors of adolescent depression and summarizes relevant international guidelines and recommendations. We suggest that before the national implementation of school based depression screening, key issues including scientific evidence, execution details, resource allocation and ethical considerations need to be examined in close collaboration with all stakeholders. Systematic piloting followed by rigorous evaluation will also be needed.