Objective To seek an effective method for the treatment of grade ⅢB tibial fractures.Method From Oct. 1985 to Oct.1999, 26 cases of grade ⅢB tibial fractures were treated by early soft tissue coverage(including 12 cases of free muscle flaps and 14 cases of local muscle flaps), early fracture fixation(including 21 cases of external fixation and 5 cases of non-reamed intramedullary nail) and early bone grafting(15 cases).Results The follow up duration were from 10 to 32 months with an average of 15.5 months. The success rates of free and local muscle flaps were respectively 91.7 %(11/12) and 92.9 %(13/14)?Infection occurred in 5 cases (3 cases of local superficial infection and 2 cases of osteomyelitis). The time for bone union were from 17 to 66 weeks with an average of 42 weeks. Conclusion "San-Zao"therapy,especially early soft tissue coverage and early fracture fixation is on effective management for grade ⅢB tibial fractures with the advantages of promoting wound healing and bone union and decreasing the possibility of infection.

Objective To investigation the hydrogen ion excretion of renal tubule in 26 renal transplantation patients for 10 weeks after operation.Methods The medistream urine pH,HCO_3~-,NH_4~+ and titration acid(TA) in 26 cases of renal transplant recipients were detected before and consecutively 10 weeks after renal transplantation,and the net acid content(NAC) was calculated.Results The function of renal tubule was recovered soon but unsteadily in the early stage after transplantation, and tended to be stable after 6 weeks.The levels of TA,NH_4~+ and NAC were significantly lower in 15 cases of acute rejections episodes.The levels were increased quickly in recipients with mild rejection and good therapeutic efficacy to steroids,but slowly in those with severe rejection,requirement of anti-thymic lymphocyte globulin(ATG) or resistant to steroids.Conclusion The function of hydrogen ion excretion of renal tubule may be a better parameter than serum creatinine in reflecting the renal tubule function.It will be useful in the diagnosis of acute rejection during the consecutive observation,especially in the judgement of antirejection therapy and evaluation of prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in differentiatied diagnosis for stromal tumour and lipoma in duodenal tract.MethodsThe EUS images of 44 cases of stromal tumour(30 cases) and lipoma( 14 cases) which were confirmed by pathological results were analyzed retrospectively.The location,size,layer of origin,margin,internal echo pattern and homogeniety of the lesion were recorded and compared.Results Compared with lipoma,stromal tumour showed a significant difference in the layer of origin,margin,internal echo and homogeniety ( P ＜ 0.05 ),but there was no statistical difference in the lesion location and size( P ＞0.05).ConclusionsEUS is greatly helpful to the differential diagnosis of stromal tumour and lipoma in duodenal tract.

Objective: To present a modified option to surgical crown lengthening for repair of biologic width loss. Methods: The alternative to the traditional method involves reshaping the fractured root surface in combination with conservative removal of the supporting alveolar bone to rebuild the biological width. Although these teeth were considered as not suitable for the traditional methods, 7 teeth from 7 patients with fracture surface located lower than alveolar bone crest were treated by this modified method of surgical crown lengthening. Restoration was accomplished on these teeth two month later. Periodontal index such as tooth mobility, plaque index, probing depth and bleeding index were recorded and followed up. Results: The mean follow-up period was 17 months (ranged from 10 to 31 months). Result of surgery and restoration of these 7 teeth was satisfactory. The gingival tissue remained healthy and esthetic with good function. Conclusion: This modified surgical crown lengthening can be used as an alternative to the traditional method to save more fractured teeth.

Objective To observe the influence of chitosan on the skin and soft tissue expansion.Methods Twenty-five patients were selected,who were suitable to be embedded soft tissue expanders in the face,a 100-milliliter expander was implanted in one side of the face,and other side was used as control.A 100-milliliter expander was implanted in each group,and a slender silicon duct was embedded between the expander and subcutaneous tissue in the experimental group.About five to seven days after the operation,the negative drainage tube was removed,and then two-milliliter medical chitosan injected with the silicon duct in the experimental group,but not in the control group.Two groups were injected with normal saline in the second day.The center of expanded skin was pressed and skin elasticity and relaxation were compared between the two groups during the injection interval.The time of injection interval,the quantity of normal saline inside the expanders after two weeks and three weeks and the total time of expansion to 100 milliliters were recorded.After injection was completed in the two groups and maintained for two weeks.In the stage Ⅱ operation,the expanders were taken out,1 cm × 1 cm fibropeplos was removed from the center of the expanded skin flap from the two groups,and pathological section was prepared to measure the thickness of fibropeplos,average gray scale of collagen and the quantity of blood capillaries.The fibroblasts,collagen fiber and capillaries were observed and compared under light microscope.A matched-pairs t analysis was used to analyze the data.Results Compared with the control group,the quantity of normal saline inside the expanders in the experimental group was increased at the same time; the water injection period was shorten and tissue expansion was significantly accelerated.The number of fibroblasts in the fibropeplos decreased with the influence of chitosan.The fibroblasts were restrained to mature period and collegan decreased.The fibropeplos became thinner but the capillaries were not affected.Conclusions Chitoson can inhibit fibroblast proliferation and collagen production,and the effect of accelerating tissue expansion is significant and deserves to be recommended.

Objective To evaluate the effects of branched-chain amino acids-enriched early parenteral and enteral nutrition on the liver function and serum aminograms in cirrhotic rats after partial hepatectomy. Methods In this prospective randomized controlled study, 24 cirrhotic rats, induced by thioacetamide, were randomized into three groups: enteral nutrition (EN) group, EN + branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) group, and parenteral nutrition (PN) + BCAA group. After receiving partial hepatectomy, rats in all three groups were nutritionally supported with equal amount of calorie and nitrogen contents from the 1st postoperative day ( PO day 1 ) to PO day 5. On PO day 6, parameters including body weight, liver functions, prealbumin, transferring, and serum aminograms were measured or determined, and the level of liver albumin mRNA was detected by reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction and morphological examinations such as HE staining and immunohistochemical staining, which were assessed by index of Ki67 protein index. Results Body weight was significantly decreased in all three groups on PO day 6 (P ＜0.05 ). Compared with EN + BCAA group, serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase after partial hepatectomy were significantly higher in PN + BCAA group (P ＜0.05 ). Serum alkaline phosphatase level was significantly higher in PN + BCAA group than in EN group ( P ＜0. 05). The level of prealbumin was significantly lower in PN + BCAA group when compared with EN group or EN +BCAA group ( both P ＜ 0. 05 ), although no such significant difference was noted in terms of transferrin ( P ＞0. 05 ). The levels of leucine and isoleucine elevated while those of tyrosine, phenylalanine, arginine and tryptophan declined in PN + BCAA group or EN + BCAA group when compared with EN group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Aminograms were not significantly different between EN + BCAA group and PN + BCAA group ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Levels of total amino acid and aromatic amino acid (AAA) were significantly lower while BCAA and ratio between BCAA and AAA (BCAA/AAA) were significantly higher in PN + BCAA group or EN + BCAA group than in EN group (P ＜ 0. 05 ).Significantly lower level of albumin mRNA and index of Ki67 were observed in PN + BCAA group than in EN group or EN + BCAA group (P ＜ 0.05 ) on PO day 6. Conclusions BCAA-enriched EN or PN reverses amino acid disequilibrium and restores BCAA/AAA in cirrhotic rats after partial hepatectomy. Compared with PN, EN is superior in improving postoperative liver function, promoting protein synthesis, and speed up tissue regeneration in the postoperative liver. However, it still can not restore serum albumin in a short term.

Objective To observe the effects of eluting stents coated with arsenic trioxide(As2O3)and suspended in poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)on expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)and interleukin-6(IL-6)and to assess the effects of As2O3 eluting stents on local inflammatory reaction in injured coronary arteries in pigs. Methods Bare metal stents,rapamycin eluting stents and As2O3-eluting stents were randomly and double-blindly implanted into the anterior descending branches,circumflex branches and right coronary arteries in eight pigs.Animals were sacrificed and coronary arteries were isolated 7 days after stents implantation.The expression levels of protein and mRNA of MCP-1 and IL-6 were determined by Western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the inflammatory cell infiltration was observed by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared to bare metal stents,As2O3-eluting stents and rapamycin-eluting stents identically and markedly inhibited the protein expression level of MCP-1(0.421±0.055 and 0.406±0.042 vs.0.857±0.053,P＜0.01)and IL-6(0.151±0.032 and 0.146±0.051 vs.0.551±0.032,P＜0.01)and correspondingly lowered the mRNA expression level of MCP-1(0.338±0.047 and 0.327±0.051 vs.0.724±0.027,P＜0.01)and IL-6(0.531±0.052 and 0.523±0.061 vs.1.015±0.041,P＜0.01),and significantly reduced the inflammatory cell infiltration of injured coronary arteries in pigs. Conclusions As2O3-eluting stents can effectively inhibit the expressions of MCp-1 and IL-6 and reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration of injured coronary arteries in pigs.

AIM:To investigate the effects of resveratrol ( Res) on the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells and to ex-plore the possible mechanisms.METHODS:After ARPE-19 cells were treated with Res at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 μmol/L for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, the effects of Res on the proliferation of the cells were tested by CCK-8 assay.The ARPE-19 cells were treated with Res at concentrations of 0, 100, 150 and 200 μmol/L for 48 h.The effects of Res on the cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining.The protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunofluorescent assay.The mRNA expression of PCNA, P21 and P27 was determined by real-time PCR.RESULTS:The results of CCK-8 assay showed that Res inhibited the prolifera-tion of ARPE-19 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner.The treatment with Res for 48 h resulted in an arrest of cell cycle at S phase without increasing cell apoptosis.Res inhibited the protein expression of PCNA in ARPE-19 cells.The re-sults of real-time PCR showed that Res increased the mRNA expression of P21 and P27, and decreased the mRNA expres-sion of PCNA.CONCLUSION: Res inhibits the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells and induces the cell cycle arrest at S phase.The mechanism may be related to up-regulation of P21 and P27, and down-regulation of PCNA.

Objective To express the N protein of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus ( MERS-CoV) in prokaryotic expression system and evaluate the immunogenicity of the purified recombinant N protein.Methods The gene encoding N protein of MERS-CoV was synthesized and cloned into the vector pET30a to construct the recombinant expression plasmid pET30a-MERS-CoV-N.The transformed E.coli BL21 ( DE3) strains carrying expression plasmid were induced by IPTG to express N protein.The expressed protein was purified by using affinity chromatography.SDS-PAGE and Western blot assays were used to iden-tify the expressed N protein and evaluate its immunogenicity.Results The recombinant N protein was suc-cessfully expressed in soluble form with the size of 46×103 .The results of Western blot assay showed that the recombinant N protein could specifically react with rabbit serum samples positive for antibodies against N protein B-cell epitope peptide and mouse anti-His tag antibodies.No positive band against N protein was found when primary antibody was used with thirty adult serum samples from Beijing in 2008.Conclusion N protein of MERS-CoV was successfully expressed in prokaryotic expression system.The successful expres-sion of N protein laid the foundation for immunological diagnosis of N protein of MERS-CoV and researches on its immunogenicity.

Objective:To determine the half lethal dose(LD50) of paraquat in rats and to establish a relatively safe and stable pathological animals model of pulmonary fibrosis.Methods: Ninety-six SD rats totally in half genders.Fifty SD rats in half genders were randomly divided into 5 groups,each had 10 rats.Feed the rats with different doses of liquor of paraquat intraperitoneally one time and definite the half lethal dose of one and two weeks.After that,prepare another forty-six SD rats,also in half genders,as intonication group,twenty-eight rats were treated with the liquor of paraquat in dosage of 18 mg/kg intraperitoneally.As control group,sixteen rats were treated with equivalent volume of normal saline.Observe the toxic symptom daily and rats were sacrificed on day 1,3,5,7,14,21,28,35 and 42 respectively for the histological examination.Results: The half lethal doses of intraperitoneal paraquat of 1 and 2 weeks were 18.27 and 17.29,with 95% confidence intervals of 16.61-20.09 and 15.99-18.67,respectively.After intraperitoneal paraquat injection at the dose of 18 mg/kg,typical toxic symptoms were observed at different times in the rats.The whole process of acute lung injury and fibrosis induced by paraquat intoxication could be seen with the naked eyes or under the light microscope.Conclusion: Paraquat has a strong toxicity to rats.A proper dose of paraquat solution can not only reduce the number of experimental rats,but also induce typical pulmonary fibrosis in rats.