Fractional radiofrequency(FRF)is an aesthetic technique that utilizes electric current emanating from electrode or microneedle arrays to heat the dermis in a fractional pattern, with only little damage to the epidermis. The recovery process following the heat damage involves multiple heat shock proteins, matrix metalloproteinases, cytokines, etc, which can stimulate the proliferation of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis. It has been applied to treat wrinkles, skin laxity, acne scars and other aesthetic skin problems, and has proved to be a safe and effective cosmetic method for the improvement of atrophic acne scars, inflammatory acnes and postinflammatory erythema. It has few adverse effects, including tolerable pain, transient erythema, edema and mild crusting, so the downtime is short. FRF is more suitable for populations with dark complexions because of low risks of postinflammatory hyper?pigmentation. Recently, it has been used in combination with other devices such as lasers, or been used to assist transdermal drug delivery, and has shown remarkable therapeutic effects and favorable application prospects.

OBJECTIVE: To establish RP-HPLC method for the determination of fluconazole in human plasma.METHODS: After liquid-liquid extraction,the plasma sample was analyzed on Diamonsil C18 column with column temperature set at room temperature.The mobile phrase consisted of methanol-0.07% aqueous solution of triethylamine(50∶ 50) with a flow rate of 1mL? min-1.The UV detection wavelength was set at 210nm,and phenacetin was used as the internal standard.RESULTS: The linear range of fluconazole was 0.15～ 10.0mg? L-1(r=0.999 2),with lower quantification limit at 0.15mg? L-1.The intra-day RSD was between 3.37% and 7.48% and the inter-day RSD was between 7.03% and 12.05%;the method recovery was 103.64%(RSD=5.04%),and the average extraction recovery was between 83.81%(RSD=5.77%).CONCLUSION: This method was sensitive,accurate,rapid and reproducible,and suitable for the content determination of fluconazole in plasma.

Aim To investigate the effect of ginkgolide B on TLR4 expression in glucose-treated endothelial cells.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)were stimulated by high concentra-tion of glucose.TLR4,inflammatory protein expression and Akt phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blot.Transcription factor NF-κB nuclear translocation was analyzed by immunofluorescence.Results The expression of TLR4 and PAF receptor was increased in high glucose-treated HUVECs. In contrast, both ginkgolide B and CV3988 dose-dependently decreased TLR4 and PAF receptor expression in high glucose-treated cells,respectively.Ginkgolide B decreased in-flammatory protein ICAM-1 ,VCAM-1 expression.Mo-reover,ginkgolide B potently abolished Akt phospho-rylation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation.Conclu-sion Ginkgolide B can reduce TLR4,PAF receptor, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in high dose of glu-cose-treated HUVECs,the mechanism might be linked to inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and NF-κB activa-tion.

Objective To observe the effects of metformin on expression of Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK),nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells (MCs),and explore its renoprotective mechanisms.Methods MCs were cultured in the medium with normal glucose (group NG,5.6 mmol/L),high glucose (group HG,25mmol/L) and different concentrations of metformin (group M1,M2,M3).After 48 h exposure,the supernatants and MCs were collected.The expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 mRNA was analyzed by real time-PCR.Total-AMPK,phospho-Thr-172 AMPK (p-AMPK),NF -κB p65 and TGF-β1 were visualized by Western blot.Results The real time-PCR and Western blot result showed MCs could express AMPK,NF-κB and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein.After stimulated by HG,the levels of intracellular NF-κB and TGF-β1 expressions were significantly increased compared with group NG (P ＜ 0.05); The levels of NF-κB and TGF-β1 were significantly decreased in group M1,M2 and group M3 compared with group HG in a dose-dependent manner.After stimulated by HG,the level of intracellular p-AMPK were down-regulated compared with group NG(all P ＜ 0.05); The expression of p-AMPK increased with the rising of metformin concentration,presenting the opposite trend (P ＜ 0.05),while the level of total-AMPK protein was unchanged with exposure to HG or different concentrations of mefformin(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Metformin can suppress the expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 of glomerular MCs induced by HG via AMPK activation,which may partly contribute to its reno-protection.

Objective To explore the application value of the real-time three-dimensional ultrasound Bi plane technology in evaluation of the foramen ovale blood in fetus.Methods The coronal plane of inferior vena cava entering the right atrium in 186 normal fetuses were obtained.The dimensions of foramen ovale (DFO) and inferior vena cava at the entrance of right atrium (DIVC) were measured in the coronal plane.The ratio of DFO and DIVC (DFO/DIVC) was calculated.The correlation be tween DFO/DIVC and gestational age was analyzed.Results There was no correlation between DFo/DIvc and gestational age (r=0.228,P＞0.05).There were 155 cases during second trimester (21 28 weeks),and the DFO was (4.46±0.57)mm,DIVC was (4.55±1.22)mm,DFO/DIVC was 1.03±0.22.There were 31 cases during late pregnancy (29-36 weeks),and the DFO was (5.20±0.43)mm,DIVC was (5.90±1.33)mm,DFO/DIVC was 0.92±0.17.The mean 95％ confidence interval of DFO/DIVC was (0.98,1.04),the 95％ normal reference range was (0.80,1.44).Conclusion The coronal plane of inferior vena cava entering the right atrium can be obtained with real-time three-dimensional ultrasound Bi-plane technology,the flow from the inferior vena cava enters right atrium which is divided by the upper atrial septum can be observed,which is important in evaluating the foramen ovale blood.

Objective To investigate the effect and its significance of low-dose insulin on Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) level and its downstream signaling of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK,p44/42MAPK) in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats.Methods Ten-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group,diabetic group and insulin-treated diabetes group.Diabetes was induced by streptozocin (STZ,60mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally.Two weeks after STZ injection,insulin glargine (92u/day for 8 weeks) was subcutaneously injected in the insulin-treated diabetes group.Then,the rat lumbar spinal cords were collected.The protein levels of phospho-Insulin receptor substrate 1 (P-IRS1),phospho-NMDAR NR1 subunit (P-NR1),P-JNK and P-p44/42MAPK were evaluated by Western blotting.One week before the terminal of the study,paw thermal response latency was measured in all groups.Results Blood glucose levels were tremendously high in both the diabetic group and insulintreated diabetes group.Compared with the control group,paw thermal response latency was markedly shortened in the diabetic group (P＜ 0.001) and the insulin-treated diabetes group (P＜ 0.001),and the alteration was more pronounced in the diabetic group (P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the protein levels of P-IRS1,P-NR1,P-JNK and P-p44/42MAPK were increased by 79.2％,35.1％,47.6 ％,64.3 ％ and 87.6 ％,respectively in diabetic group and 49.4 ％,19.1％,16.5 ％,31.8％ and 39.9％,respectively in insulin-treated diabetes group (all P＜0.001 or 0.05).In comparison with diabetic group,the increased amplitudes of above 4 parameters were decreased by 29.8％,16.0％,31.2％,32.5％ and 47.7％ respectively in the insulin-treated diabetes group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions NMDAR and its downstream signals,such as JNK and p42/44MARK,are involved in the pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy.Although it could not efficiently control the blood glucose level,low-dose insulin treatment may partly inhibit the occurrence of thermal hyperalgesia through inhibiting NMDAR signal pathway.

Enzymatic conversion is very important to produce functional rare sugars, but the conversion rate of single enzymes is generally low. To increase the conversion rate, a dual-enzyme coupled reaction system was developed. Dual-enzyme coupled reaction system was constructed using D-psicose-3-epimerase (DPE) and L-rhamnose isomerase (L-RhI), and used to convert D-fructose to D-psicose and D-allose. The ratio of DPE and L-RhI was 1:10 (W/W), and the concentration of DPE was 0.05 mg/mL. The optimum temperature was 60 degrees C and pH was 9.0. When the concentration of D-fructose was 2%, the reaction reached its equilibrium after 10 h, and the yield of D-psicose and D-allose was 5.12 and 2.04 g/L, respectively. Using the dual-enzymes coupled system developed in the current study, we could obtain sugar syrup containing functional rare sugar from fructose-rich raw material, such as high fructose corn syrup.
Aldose-Ketose Isomerases ; metabolism ; Carbohydrate Epimerases ; metabolism ; Fructose ; chemistry ; Glucose ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Temperature

Objective To explore the correlation between the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase -9 (MMP-9), Toll-likeReceptor 4 ( TLR4) and lung revascularization in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Methods Lung tissues frompatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (COPD group,n =25) and those without COPD (non-COPD group,n =25) were obtained from surgically resected specimens .The ratio of the area of the wall to that of the pulmonary arterioles (WA %) andthe ratio of the thickness of the wall to the external diameter of the pulmonary arterioles (WT %) were analyzed by computer-based imageanalysis system.Immunohistochemical technique was applied to investigate the expressions of TLR 4, proliferative cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and MMP-9 in vascular smooth muscle cells.Results ⑴ The inflammatory infiltration degree, WA %, and WT %were significantly higher than that of non -COPD group ( P <0.01), respectively.⑵Compared with non-COPD group, the expressionsof PCNA, TLR4, and MMP-9 in vascular smooth muscle cells were increased significantly ( P <0.01).⑶The expressions of TLR4,MMP-9 had a positive correlation with WA%, WT%, degree of inflammatory infiltration, and the expression of PCNA ( r =0.67,0.74,0.47,0.44;0.59,0.71,0.61,0.33, P <0.01), up-regulated expression of TLR4 was closely related with the expression of MMP-9 ( r =0.55, P <0.01).Conclusions The pulmonary arterioles of COPD patients showed marked inflammatory and arteriolemuscularization, the TLR4 might aggravate inflammation,induced upregulation of MMP-9 expression, played an important role in the pulmonary vascular remodeling process.

A HPLC method for simultaneous determination of uridine, inosine, guanosine, adenosine and cordycepine
in Cordyceps sinensis was developed. The sample solution was prepared with 0.5% phosphoric acid solution by ultrasonic extraction. The separation was performed on a ZORBAX SB-AQ (150 mmí4.6 mm, 5 μm)column with gradient elution by 0.1% formic acid solution and acetonitrile, with column temperature 30℃, at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and detected at wavelength of 260 nm. The result of method validation showed that the developed method had high accuracy and good repeatability. This method has been successfully applied for analysis of 5 kinds of nucleosides in different parts of C. sinensis. The results indicated that content of nucleosides in stroma is higher than that in insect body and whole C. sinensis.

A HPLC-QTOF MS method was established for analysis of components in Ophiocordyceps sinensis . The HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB Aq (150 mmí4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gr adient elution (5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate aqueous solution-acetonitrile), flow rate was 0.8 mL·min-1 and detection wave-length was 260 nm. The developed method was successfully applied in analysis of three different samples in-cluding O. sinensis, Hirsutella sinensis ( anamorph of O.sinensis) and Cordyceps militaris. Nine compounds were i-dentified in both O.sinensis and H.sinensis, which eight compounds were identified in C.militaris.