Objective:To determine the effect of standardized patients in medical international students' graduation practice assessment.Methods:The students were divided into two groups ofstandardized patient assessment and traditional assessment,the theoretical and professional performance was compared and analyzed after the assessments.All the students were investigated using questionnaire.Result:The students assessed using standardized patients reported higher skill scores than those with traditional assessments,and the difference was statistically significant.However,no difference was observed in theoretical scores.Gorcltusion:The introduction of standardized patient to medical international students' graduation practice assessment alleviates the status that emphasizes theory but ignores practice due to the lack of clinical resources,eliminates the obstacles in the communication between students and patients,and is conducive to the cultivation of humanistic quality and adaptability of the students.It is worthy popularizing in international students' graduation practice assessment.

Object To select the cell line of Ginkgo biloba L that may produce high yield of ginkgolide B (GB) in suspension culture and to study the stability of GB in subculture Methods Calculus was induced with stem, root and leaf of selected elite species and high yield suspension cell lines chosen by hypoxia stress Results Seven suspension cell lines with improved yield of GB were obtained Among which cell line MH 3 gave a 3 71 fold increase of cellular bioproduct with an increased content up to 302 ?g/g DW after culturing for 18 d, a leading record country wide In shaking bottle culture, it showed a consistent yield of GB with a content of 291 ?g/g DW in 6 successive subcultures, coefficient of variation=0 131 Conclusion The suspension cell line selected by hypoxia stress gave a higher yield and stability in successive transfer culture

Objective To evaluate the effects of various head and neck postures and phonation on oropharyngeal view(Mallampati score),and ex-plore the correlation with laryngoscopic view tested by the improved Cormach-Lehane score(MCLS). Methods Following the local ethics commit-tee approval and patients′informed consent to anesthesia,124 patients were enrolled for this study. Prior to anesthesia,these patients were placed in supine position with various head and neck positions for oropharyngeal structures visualization and evaluation,including two head positions(neu-tral and full extension),two tongue positions(in and out),and with and without phonation,according to the modified Mallampati test score(MMT). Following induction,laryngoscopic view scores according to MCLS were recorded,then the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value and accuracy of the various MMT scores were calculated. Correlation coefficient(r)of MMT scores with MCLS were also studied. Results Mallampati score was decreased in all the postures of head full extension,tongue outside and phonation,which makes oropharyngeal structures to be better visualized. There is no correlation between MMT scores and MCLS. The sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value and accu-racy of the various MMT scores is most satisfied in the posture of head full extension,tongue outside and phonation. Conclusion During airway as-sessment in supine position,the best posture is head full extension,tongue outside and phonation.

The basical structure of diketopiperazines is a cyclic dipeptide condensed by two amino acids. Because of the stable framework of the six-member ring structure, and having two hydrogen bond donor and two hydrogen bond receptor, DKPs have become important chemical pharmacophores, with strong biological activities and pharmacological activities in the drug. A series of cyclic compounds were found from marine organisms in recent years, research showed that their functions are not limited on anti-bacterial, cytotoxic activity, and so on, but also playing an important role in regulatory mechanism of quorum sensing as signal molecules, they have become research hot point in ecological chemistry. This paper reviewed the research progress of diketopiperazines found in the marine microbial metabolites, and the future study trends was discussed and outlooked.

Objective:To find biomarkers for oral lichen planus by comparing differential expressing proteins. Methods:10 cases of oral lichen planus and normal oral mucosa tissues were collected.Total protein was extracted; differential proteome profiles were established and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2D-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Results:(1)The well-resolved,reproducible 2-DE patterns of oral lichen planus and normal oral mucosa were obtained. The results showed that average protein spots were 1 576?67 and 1 608?73 in oral lichen planus and normal oral mucosa respectively, (2) The 13 differential protein spots were identified by Imaging Master 2D image analysis software between oral lichen planus and normal oral mucosa. There were 7 protein spots in oral lichen planus were higher than those in normal oral mucosa, 6 protein spots in oral lichen planus were lower than those in normal oral mucosa. 10 differential expressing proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry and bioinformation. 4 of them were well characterized including manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), Annexin I, vimentin and unknown proteins. Conclusion:Differential expression proteins might be candidate biomarkers for diagnosis of oral lichen planus;and proteomic technique is valuable for screening the diagnostic biomarkers.

Objective To investigate the position competency of residents in the first year and to search for the standardizing training which aims at advancing position competencies. Method Twenty residents of the first year and 40 of superior doctors were taken as research targets. Question-naires including 8 aspects (basic ability, occupational spirit, communication skills, medical knowl-edge, team work, public health, information and management, and academic research) were con-ducted and were scored namelessly. The scores of items in one kind of ability were summed up to serve as the total score of this ability. The mean score of one kind of ability and the mean score of 8 kinds of abilities of residents and superior doctors was calculated. SPSS 17.0 was adopted to make statistical analysis. t-test was adopted to test the difference between the score from residents and superior doctors with P<0.05 representing statistics significance. Results The scores of 8 kinds of abilities were much lower than full scores. The scores of basic ability, occupational spirit, and team work from residents (78.5, 87.4, 41.9) were higher than those from superior doctors (72.6, 80.5, 39.5), with statistical significances (P=0.020, 0.013, 0.045). Conclusions Residents are lack of position competency and awareness, which demonstrates the gap between the training model and the demand of work. It is sug-gested that we should design the training system and evaluation methods based on doctors' compe-tences, add training for comprehensive ability and evaluate abilities of all aspects. An excellent hu-manity education should be built and quality cultivation should be taken attention to. Objective and measurable indices should be developed to increase residents' knowledge.

ObjectiveTo summary clinical character of de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation,and explore the strategy of prevention and treatment.MethodsThe clinical data of recipients undergoing liver transplantation and the recipients who developed de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation between Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results365 patients who underwent liver transplantation were negative for serum HBsAg before liver transplantation.Among them,11patients were diagnosed as having de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation,with the morbidity being 3.0 ％(11/365).Most recipients did not have any clinical presentation.They were just found HBsAg positive during the follow-up period.The liver functions were normal.All 11patients received anti-virus therapy after they were found having positive HBsAg and replicated HBV-DNA.One patient whose primary disease was hepatitis C combined with primary hepatic carcinoma was treated with pegylated interferon,thereafter,he was found having YMDD-mutation of HBV-DNA,and he was treated with entecavir.The rest 10 patients received anti-virus treatment with nucleoside analog.The 10 recipients were injected with hepatitis B immunoglobin during operation.After anti-HBV therapy,one patient died from acute liver failure because of inefficient treatment,and one patient died from tumor recurrence.The remaining nine patients survived:HBeAg of one patient became negative,and HBV-DNA replications of the four patients became negative (＜1×105 copies/L).The liver function of the patients who survived was normal.ConclusionFor recipients who were HBsAg negative before liver transplantation,when they received liver transplantation,,they should be given strict screening of blood product for transfusion.The liver transplantation patient who is HBsAg negative in serum before liver transplantation,and whose donor is HBcAb positive in serum and/or HBV-DNA positive in serum,should be treated with HBIG and/or nucleoside analog during operation or after operation,as we said above is a ideal strategy to prevent de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation.The prognosis of de novo hepatitis B virus infection after liver transplantation is mild.

Objective To summary therapeutic method for delayed portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation. Methods In 3100 cases undergoing cadaveric whole liver transplantation in a single center, there were 12 cases of delayed portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation.Average occurring time was 29. 8 months after liver transplantation. Among these 12 patients, 2 cases were complicated with severe biliary complication (intrahepatic stricture) , 2 cases presented with liver failure of transplanted liver, and one case had portal vein compression by hepatic hilum tumor under the image examination, who received liver re-transplantation; two patients presented upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and they experienced endoscopic ligation and sclerotherapy respectively; the rest five patients without any clinical presentation were subjected to anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. Results Among 12 cases, 8 patients survived by the time of follow-up, including two patients undergoing re-transplantation; one patient lost follow-up. The liver function tests of the patients who survived were all normal. Conclusion The individualized therapeutic methods should be adopted for the patients with delayed portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of Jia-jian-yi-yin decoction on endothelium-dysfunction in ovariecto-mized rats.METHODS:The ovariectomized rats were treated with Jia-jian-yi-yin decoction or turbid liquid of estradiol va-lerate for 8 weeks.The vascular ring tension was measured.Scanning electron microscopy and Western blotting were ap-plied to assess the function of endothelium-dependent dilation, aortic endothelial morphology and the expression of endothe-lial lipase.The pathologic sections were prepared to observe the effect of Jia-jian-yi-yin decoction on the uterus.RE-SULTS:In ovariectomized rats, the decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine ( ACh) was reversed to normal level, the endothelial morphology returned to normal without lipid accumulation and the endothelial lipase expression was decreased by Jia-jian-yi-yin decoction.Furthermore, no obvious change of the wet weight of uterine between the ovari-ectomized rats with or without Jia-jian-yi-yin decoction treatment was observed.CONCLUSION:Jia-jian-yi-yin decoction may have protective effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and aortic endothelial morphology in estrogen-deficient animals.

This study examined the impact of 935MHz phone-simulating electromagnetic radiation on embryo implantation of pregnant mice. Each 7-week-old Kunming (KM) female white mouse was set up with a KM male mouse in a single cage for mating overnight after induction of ovulation. In the first three days of pregnancy, the pregnant mice was exposed to electromagnetic radiation at low-intensity (150 μW/cm(2), ranging from 130 to 200 μW/cm(2), for 2- or 4-h exposure every day), mid-intensity (570 μW/cm(2), ranging from 400 to 700 μW/cm(2), for 2- or 4-h exposure every day) or high-intensity (1400 μW/cm(2), ranging from 1200 to 1500 μW/cm(2), for 2- or 4-h exposure every day), respectively. On the day 4 after gestation (known as the window of murine embryo implantation), the endometrium was collected and the suspension of endometrial glandular cells was made. Laser scanning microscopy was employed to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular calcium ion concentration. In high-intensity, 2- and 4-h groups, mitochondrial membrane potential of endometrial glandular cells was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). The calcium ion concentration was increased in low-intensity 2-h group but decreased in high-intensity 4-h group as compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in mitochondrial membrane potential of endometrial glandular cells between low- or mid-intensity groups and the normal control group, indicating stronger intensity of the electromagnetic radiation and longer length of the radiation are required to inflict a remarkable functional and structural damage to mitochondrial membrane. Our data demonstrated that electromagnetic radiation with a 935-MHz phone for 4 h conspicuously decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered the calcium ion concentration of endometrial glandular cells. It is suggested that high-intensity electromagnetic radiation is very likely to induce the death of embryonic cells and decrease the chance of their implantation, thereby posing a high risk to pregnancy.