The dose-response reaction of NE, ACh, CaCl2 & KC1 was observed in isolated toad hearts. When the above substances in different concentrations were employed, or the hearts were affected by difference blockers, a biphasic action could be observed. The positive inotropic effect of the substance was inhibited with the presentation of negative inotropic eff ect ,if ? &(or) ? receptor were blocked. The negative inotropic effect of the substance changed into positive, when M1, M2 receptor &(or) Cl- channel were blocked.

BACKGROUND:As a lightweight metal with mechanical properties similar to natural bone, a natural ionic presence with significant functional roles in biological systems, and in vivo degradation via corrosion in the electrolytic environment of the body, magnesium (Mg)-based implants have the potential to serve as biocompatible, osteoconductive, degradable implants for load-bearing applications. On the other hand, Mg, as a critical mediator of cellular growth and activities regulation, is the second most abundant intracellular cation where it plays an important role in enzyme function and trans-membrane ion transport.
OBJECTIVE:To retrospectively summarize the application progress, physiological role and mechanism of Mg, and to review its regulation of bone metabolism.
METHODS:Papers addressing application, physiological and bone metabolism regulation of Mg published in core periodicals were reviewed. Studies in which Mg were used as an assistance materials, or articles regarding cellphysiology in which Mg were not the main research object were excluded. Literatures concerning the regulation of bone turnover by Mg were given special attention.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mg al oys are cytocompatible materials with adjustable mechanical and corrosion properties and show their potential as biodegradable implant materials. Moreover, Mg is abundantly distributed among the body and essential for maintaining physiological function of the cells. Mg deficiency has been associated with a number of clinical disorders including osteoporosis. But it remains to be determined what specific biochemical process is activated by Mg2+to regulate cellular activity and bone turnover. Further investigations of the precise mechanism are valuable to the clinical application of Mg.

BACKGROUND: The femoral neck fracture is a common skeletal injury, with high mortality and disability rate. Nonunion and avascular necrosis in femoral head are the main problems in treatment of femoral neck fracture. Up to now, the guidelines for its management continue to be unsolved and are stil evolving.
OBJECTIVE:This study aims to summarize the incidence of two femoral neck fracture complications, as wel as the advance in prevention and treatment. This work can help to better understand the mechanism of non-union and avascular necrosis, and to choose the optimal management of this fracture.
METHODS:Papers in terms of femoral neck fracture published in core periodicals were reviewed. Studies which are not directly related to femoral neck fracture or articles regarding poly-trauma were excluded. Literatures concerning non-union and avascular necrosis after femoral neck fracture were preferred.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 241 articles were screened out, and those were mainly published in the last five to ten years. 182 unrelated papers were excluded, and 59 papers were included in the analysis. The femoral neck fracture has a high incidence. Nowadays, there are a variety of treatments for this fracture, but the stability and healing result of fractures depend on many factors, such as age, classification of fracture, general condition of patient, and accompanying diseases. Up to now, the choice of management is stil controversial. Imaging representation and patient’s age are not the main factors for the selection of treatment. Hence, a comprehensive assessment of the risk factors that influence fracture healing is necessary for surgeons to choose an optimal treatment of this fracture. Femoral neck fractures, therefore, represent an enormous socio-economic and medical problem and chal enge surgeons to find the cheapest and most effective way to treat them. Internal fixation of the fracture in combination with the use of osteo-inductive materials may be a new way to further improve the treatment effects of femoral neck fracture.

Objective To investigate the effect of tripterysium glycosides combined with isotretinoin in cysticacne and its effect on serum inflammatory factors, insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).Methods 118 cases of cysticacne patients were divided into observation group (n=59) and control group (n=59) according to the random number table method.Patients in the control group were treated with isotretinoin capsule, while the observation group were treated with tripterysium glycosides tablets on the basis of the control group.The course of treatment was 8 weeks in two groups.Results The total efficiency of the observation group (89.83%) was higher than the control group (71.19%) (P<0.05); the number of cyst after treatment in the observation group were less than the control group (P<0.05);the serum IL-2 and IL-4 levels in the observation group after treatment reduced, and lower than the control group (P<0.05);the serum IGF-1 and DHEA levels in the observation group after treatment reduced, and lower than the control group (P <0.05); the recurrence rate of the observation group (11.86%) was lower than the control group (30.51%) (P<0.05);the adverse reactions in two groups had no statistically significant.Conclusion Tripterysium glycosides combined with isotretinoin capsule has obvious curative effect in the treatment of cysticacne patients, and can reduce the serum IL-2, IL-4 levels and IGF-1 and DHEA levels, with lower recurrence rate, fewer adverse reactions.

Objective To explore the regularity of the distribution of traditional Chinese medical syndrome elements in early renal injury patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) . Methods A total of 200 patients with T2DM early renal injury were enrolled into the study. Syndrome element differentiation was carried out for the analysis of the distribution of syndrome location and syndrome nature. Results ( 1) Kidney had the highest scores of syndrome location , and then came the spleen, and meridians and collaterals . The syndrome location scores of kidney, spleen, meridians and collaterals differed from those of liver, heart, lung, and stomach ( P<0.01) . ( 2) In excess syndrome elements, the percentage of syndrome elements of phlegm, blood stasis, dampness was in decreasing sequence. In deficiency syndrome elements, the percentage of syndrome elements of yin deficiency, qi deficiency, and yang deficiency was in decreasing sequence. ( 3) For the distribution of syndrome elements, kidney yin deficiency had the highest scores, next came spleen qi deficiency, and finally came blood stasis of meridians and collaterals. Conclusion In T2DM early renal injury patients, kidney, spleen, meridians and collaterals are the main affected location; yin deficiency, qi deficiency, and yang deficiency are the predominant deficiency syndrome elements, and phlegm, blood stasis, dampness are the predominant excess syndrome elements. Kidney yin deficiency, spleen qi deficiency , and blood stasis of meridians and collaterals are the commonly-seen syndrome patterns in T2DM patients with early renal injury.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of infusion Diltiazem for patients with refractory angina pectoris. Methods　10 patients with refractory angina pectoris received continuous intravenous Diltiazem 40～150 μg/min (2.4～9 mg/h) for 48 hours after cessation of intravenous nitroglycerin and oral β-blokers. Results　With the single therapy of Diltiazem, 7 patients (70%) got satisfied results: 5 were free from and 2 were relieved of symptom; With the combination therapy of Diltiazem and intravenous nitroglycerin 60～120 μg/min after failed with Diltiazem alone, 3 (30%) patietns got satisfied results: 1 was free from and 2 were relieved of symptom. There is no severe side effects, including hypotension, bradycardia, cardiac function deterioration. Acute myocardial infarction, death and emergency interventional therapy did not occurred in all the 10 patients during the therapy period. Coronary angiography were performed in 8 patients within 1 week after the patients were stabled, 5 patients received PTCA and stent implantation and 3 patients received CABG. Conclusions　Continuous intravenous Diltiazem 40～150 μg/min (2.4～9 mg/h) or combination with intravenous nitroglycerin 60～120 μg/min is an efficient and safe therapy for patients with refractory angina pectoris.

BACKGROUND:The main factors that influence revision of acetabular bone defects include evaluation of acetabular bone defects,reconstruction of acetabulum and appropriate acetabular cups used in revision.OBJECTIVE:The review from the three aspects will help to choose an appropriate cup in revision and to formulate the best revision protocols.METHODS:A computer-based online search of PubMed was performed for English articles published from January 1900 to June 2009 with the key words of acetabulum,revision,bone defect,in English and Chinese.Clinical studies published in core periodicals of the latest twenty years were reviewed.Articles regarding primary joint replacement,femoral prosthesis revision and animal experiments were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 61 articles were analyzed,31 were excluded,and 30 mainly published in 5 years,were included.Reconstruction of acetabular bone structure,restoration of original rotation center of hip joint are key factors for repair.Moreover,appropriate prosthesis further benefits the repair effect.Bone transplantation for bone defect and cementedless prosthesis have become favorable methods for revision of acetabular bone defects.

Objective:To investigate the effect of P53 inhibitors and microtubule inhibitors on nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor in psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes.Methods: Isolate and culture psoriatic and normal epidermal keratinocytes.The keratinocytes were incubated with P53 inhibitors and microtubule inhibitors with or without vascular endothelial growth factor( VEGF) ,and then detected the distribution of GR by indirect immunofluorescence.Results:VEGF induced nuclear trans-location of GR in normal keratinocytes, and the P53 inhibitor restrained VEGF induced nuclear export of GR in normal keratinocytes.The nuclear translocation score of the keratinocytes cultured with VEGF was significantly lower than that of keratinocytes cultured without VEGF(P<0.05).The microtubule inhibitors could completely detained GR of normal epidermal keratinocytes in the cytoplasm,and there′s no significantly increased of the level of GR in the cytoplasm after putting VEGF into the normal epidermal kera-tinocytes.While the microtubule inhibitors and P53 inhibitors co-cultured, there will be a small amount of GR into the keratinocyte nuclei.Conclusion:Microtubule mediated uptake of GR,P53 participated nuclear export of GR.

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been increasing rapidly worldwide in recent years, along with more attention to heredity and genetic polymorphism of diseases.The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the most common genetic variant in the human genome, which can influence gene expression, transcription, translation and modification, and has become one of the important causes of disease susceptibility.Not only is uric acid related SNP susceptible to hyperuricemia and gout, but also plays an important role in the circulation, respiration, and nervous system diseases.Therefore, the present paper reviews the relationship between uric acid related SNP and clinical diseases in order to bring a new perspective on prevention and treatment.

Objective To study the lateral branch of thoracodorsal nerve and the deltoid branch of axillary nerve under microscope for clinical application in the reconstruction of brachial nerve injury. Methods 31 lateral branches and deltoid branches of axillary nerve on 17 cadaver specimens were studied on topography under the light microscope(? 5) to observe the length, diameter, and the number of branches. The number of fibers was counted on the HE- stained section of the nerves. Three cases were performed: In operationⅠ , the lateral branch of thoracodorsal nerve was connected with the deltoid branch of axillary nerve. In operationⅡ , on the base of the first operation, the medial branches of the thoracodorsal nerve partially the latissimus dorsi was reconstructed for recovery of the flexion function of the elbow. In operationⅢ , the latissimus dorsi was section into two parts according to the innervation of the medial and lateral branches of the thoracodorsal, and the two branches of the thoracodorsal were transplanted in a dislplaced position for the restoration of flexion function of the elbow and the fingers. Results Thoracodorsal nerves have 2 branches near dorsal aspect of the latissimus dorsi. The lateral branch is thicker with the average length of 58.2 mm avaliable for the reconstruction purpose; the diameter is in average of 1.46 mm, the number of fibers is in average of 1 519; 90.4％ of the lateral branches redivided into 2 or 3 branches. The diameter of the deltoid branch of axillary nerve is 2.31 mm in average and 61.3％ give 3 branches; 32.3％ 2 branches; the number of fibers is in average of 2 341. Clinically the reconstruction operation is successful. In operationⅠ the strength of the deltoid muscle recovered to grade 4; in operationⅡ the strength of the deltoid muscle and elbow- flexing is reached grade 4 and in operationⅢ the strength of elbow- and finger- flexion recovered to grade 4. Conclusion Reconstruction of two muscular groups of the latissimus dorsi with loss of nerve innervation is effective by the application of double branch potential of the thoracodorsal nerve.